Ti3C2Tx MXene-based Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers: Synthesis Control, Multicomponent Design, and Critical Challenges

doi:10.15541/jim20260365

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid development of wireless communications and electronic devices, electromagnetic pollution has become an increasingly serious concern, creating a strong demand for electromagnetic wave absorbers that are thin, lightweight, broadband, and highly efficient. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene has emerged as a promising candidate owing to its high electrical conductivity, abundant surface terminations, tunable interlayer structure, and large specific surface area. These characteristics enable electromagnetic wave attenuation through conduction loss, dipolar polarization, defect polarization, interfacial polarization, and multiple reflection and scattering. However, its excessively high conductivity may cause impedance mismatch, while its absorption performance is jointly governed by the preparation process, surface chemistry, sheet structure, composite constituents, and microstructural configuration. Accordingly, this review focuses on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and its composites and examines the effects of different etching and delamination conditions and composite constituents on their structures, electromagnetic parameters, and absorption performance. The composition and fundamental properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene are first introduced, with particular emphasis on its electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and oxidation stability. Various etching and delamination methods are then summarized, and their effects on the sheet structure and defect characteristics of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene are discussed to clarify the relationship between preparation parameters and electromagnetic wave absorption. Recent advances in pristine Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and its dielectric and magnetic-dielectric composites are subsequently reviewed. Particular attention is paid to how carbon materials, polymers, and ceramics regulate conductive networks and interfacial polarization, as well as how magnetic metals, alloys, and ferrites introduce magnetic loss, promote dielectric-magnetic synergy, and improve impedance matching. Finally, the key challenges and future development directions of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based electromagnetic wave absorbers are discussed.

Key words: Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, electromagnetic wave absorption, structural regulation, dielectric loss, magnetic loss, review

CLC Number:

TB34

JIANG Xuewen, HU Feiyue, LI Mengru, LI Wei, ZHANG Rui, WANG Hailong, SHAO Gang, ZHENG Yingzi, ZHANG Fan, FAN Bingbing. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers: Synthesis Control, Multicomponent Design, and Critical Challenges[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260365.

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Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers: Synthesis Control, Multicomponent Design, and Critical Challenges

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