Alumina-based Directionally Solidified Eutectic Ceramics：Microstructure, Control Strategies and Environmental Stability

doi:10.15541/jim20250440

Abstract

Abstract: With rapid advancement of aviation industry, high-temperature structural materials used in aero-engines are encountering increasingly severe service environments and performance challenges. To meet exacting requirements of future technologies, turbine inlet temperature of advanced aero-engines with a thrust-to-weight ratio exceeding 10 is projected to surpass 1500 ℃. Al₂O₃-based directionally solidified eutectic ceramics are regarded as ideal and key candidate materials for next-generation extreme working conditions, particularly for long-term use in high-temperature oxidative environments, owing to their melting points exceeding 1700 ℃, outstanding high-temperature stability, and inherent oxidation resistance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of microstructural characteristics of Al₂O₃-based directionally solidified eutectic ceramics, with particular emphasis on their morphological features, crystallographic relationships and interfacial structures. Subsequently, discussion focuses on strategies for microstructure control, including optimization of processing parameters, optimal selection of eutectic components and implementation of innovative approaches such as high-entropy design. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to evaluate stability of these materials under typical high-temperature service conditions, including thermal exposure, oxidative environments, and chemically corrosive media, with particular emphasis on their chemical stability characteristics. Based on this comprehensive review, key scientific issues and core technical challenges in current research are identified. Future research directions are also proposed to establish a theoretical foundation and provide technical guidance for engineering application of these materials in advanced aero-engine systems.

Key words: Al₂O₃-based eutectic ceramic, directional solidification, microstructure control, microstructure stability, environmental stability, review

CLC Number:

TQ174

ZHOU Cui, LI Jie, SUN Luchao, SU Haijun, WANG Jingyang. Alumina-based Directionally Solidified Eutectic Ceramics：Microstructure, Control Strategies and Environmental Stability[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250440.

References

[1] 杜昆, 陈麒好, 孟宪龙, 等. 陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件应用及热分析研究进展. 推进技术, 2022, 43(2): 113.
[2] 林左鸣. 战斗机发动机的研制现状和发展趋势. 航空发动机, 2006, 32(1): 1.
[3] PEREPEZKO J H.The hotter the engine, the better.Science, 2009, 326(5956): 1068.
[4] PADTURE N P.Advanced structural ceramics in aerospace propulsion.Nature Materials, 2016, 15(8): 804.
[5] 杨金华, 董禹飞, 杨瑞, 等. 航空发动机用陶瓷基复合材料研究进展. 航空动力, 2021, 5: 56.
[6] WAKU Y, NAKAGAWA N, WAKAMOTO T, et al. A ductile ceramic eutectic composite with high strength at 1873 K. Nature, 1997, 389(6646): 49.
[7] WAKU Y, NAKAGAWA N, OHTSUBO H,et al. Fracture and deformation behaviour of melt growth composites at very high temperatures. Journal of Materials Science, 2001, 36(7): 1585.
[8] WANG Z G, ZHANG Y Z, OUYANG J H,et al. Nanocrystalline alumina-zirconia-based eutectic ceramics fabricated with high-energy beams: principle, solidification techniques, microstructure and mechanical properties. Materials, 2023, 16(8): 2985.
[9] REN Q, SU H J, ZHANG J,et al. Processing, microstructure and performance of Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics prepared by laser floating zone melting with ultra-high temperature gradient. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(5): 4766.
[10] MESA M C, OLIETE P B, ORERA V M,et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic rods grown by the laser-heated floating zone method. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2011, 31(7): 1241.
[11] VIECHNICKI D, SCHMID F.Eutectic solidification in the system Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂.Journal of Materials Science, 1969, 4(1): 84.
[12] LIU J L, LIU D G, REN K,et al. Research progress on the flash sintering mechanism of oxide ceramics and its application. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(5): 473.
[13] XIONG Z W, ZHANG K, LIAO W H,et al. Laser powder bed fusion fabrication of TiB₂-Modified Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics: microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(24): 55577.
[14] AOKI Y, MASUDA H, TOCHIGI E,et al. Overcoming the intrinsic brittleness of high-strength Al₂O₃-GdAlO₃ ceramics through refined eutectic microstructure. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 8700.
[15] YOSHIMURA M, SAKATA S I, YAMADA S,et al. The growth of Al₂O₃/YAG: Ce melt growth composite by the vertical bridgman technique using an a-axis Al₂O₃ seed. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2015, 427: 16.
[16] YOSHIMURA M, SAKATA S I, IBA H,et al. Vertical bridgman growth of Al₂O₃/YAG: Ce melt growth composite. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2015, 416: 100.
[17] LIU Y, SU H J, TAN X,et al. Stability of crystallographic texture and mechanical anisotropy toward Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic composite using single crystalline seeds. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2024, 274: 111263.
[18] CHERIF M, DUFFAR T, CARROZ L,et al. On the growth and structure of Al₂O₃-Y₃Al₅O₁₂-ZrO₂: Y solidified eutectic. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2020, 40(8): 3172.
[19] EPELBAUM B M, YOSHIKAWA A, SHIMAMURA K,et al. Microstructure of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic fibers grown by μ-PD method. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1999, 198: 471.
[20] BENAMARA O, CHERIF M, DUFFAR T,et al. Microstructure and crystallography of Al₂O₃-Y₃Al₅O₁₂-ZrO₂ ternary eutectic oxide grown by the micropulling down technique. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2015, 429: 27.
[21] BENAMARA O, LEBBOU K.The impact of the composition and solidification rate on the microstructure and the crystallographic orientations of Al₂O₃-YAG-ZrO₂ eutectic solidified by the micro-pulling down technique.RSC Advances, 2021, 11(22): 13602.
[22] SU H J, ZHANG J, DENG Y F,et al. A modified preparation technique and characterization of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic in situ composites. Scripta Materialia, 2009, 60(6): 362.
[23] REN Q, SU H J, ZHANG J,et al. Solid-liquid interface and growth rate range of Al₂O₃-based eutectic in situ composites grown by laser floating zone melting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 662: 634.
[24] SU H J, SHEN Z L, REN Q,et al. Evolutions of rod diameter, molten zone and temperature gradient of oxide eutectic ceramics during laser floating zone melting. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(11): 18750.
[25] WANG X, WANG J Y, SUN L C,et al. Microstructure evolution of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic crystal during directional solidification. Scripta Materialia, 2015, 108: 31.
[26] LIU Y, SU H J, TAN X,et al. The effect of processing parameters on the temperature distribution and interface shape in Czochralski growth of Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic composite: modeling and experiment. Ceramics International, 2025, 51(22): 36401.
[27] WAKU Y, SAKATA S, MITANI A,et al. Microstructure and high-temperature strength of Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary melt growth composite. Journal of Materials Science, 2005, 40(3): 711.
[28] WANG X, TIAN Z L, ZHANG W,et al. Mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramic prepared by optical floating zone technique. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018, 38(10): 3610.
[29] WANG X, ZHONG Y J, WANG D,et al. Effect of interfacial energy on microstructure of a directionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2018, 101(3): 1029.
[30] SUN L C, ZHOU C, DU T F, et al. Directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂ and Al₂O₃/Yb₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramics prepared by optical floating zone melting. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(6): 652.
[31] JACSON K A, HUNT J D.Lamellar and rod eutectic growth.Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1966, 236(8): 363.
[32] SU H J, ZHANG J, CUI C J,et al. Rapid solidification of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ eutectic in situ composites by laser zone remelting. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2007, 307(2): 448.
[33] ORERA V M, MERINO R I, PARDO J A,et al. Microstructure and physical properties of some oxide eutectic composites processed by directional solidification. Acta Materialia, 2000, 48(18/19): 4683.
[34] LLORCA J, ORERA V M.Directionally solidified eutectic ceramic oxides.Progress in Materials Science, 2006, 51(6): 711.
[35] SUN J Z, STIRNER T, MATTHEWS A.Structure and surface energy of low-index surfaces of stoichiometricα-Al₂O₃ and α-Cr₂O₃. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2006, 201(7): 4205.
[36] SUN H F, ZHOU C, DU T F,et al. Preparation, microstructures, and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Lu₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramics. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2022, 19(2): 695.
[37] XU X, FAN J Y, LIU J L,et al. Formation of eutectic structure in dense Al₂O₃-YAG composite by electric field treatment. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(16): 23647.
[38] XIONG Z W, ZHANG K, ZHU Z G,et al. Effect of laser focus shift on the forming quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(22): 35948.
[39] YAO S, LIU D G, LIU J L,et al. Ultrafast preparation of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ multiphase ceramics with eutectic morphology via flash sintering. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(22): 31555.
[40] YAO S, LIU Y S, LIU D G,et al. Flash sintering of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ ceramics under alternating current electric field. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(24): 36764.
[41] WANG X, ZHONG Y J, HU Q D.A review of Al₂O₃-based eutectic ceramics for high-temperature structural materials.Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2025, 214: 214.
[42] ZHONG Y J, YUAN Y, LI H D,et al. Orientation relationships of seed crystal-induced Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃ eutectic ceramics. Acta Materialia, 2025, 294: 121094.
[43] WANG X, ZHANG W, ZHONG Y J,et al. Introduction of low strain energy GdAlO₃ grain boundaries into directionally solidified Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃ eutectics. Acta Materialia, 2021, 221: 117355.
[44] SU H J, ZHANG J, MA W D,et al. In situ fabrication of highly-dense Al₂O₃/YAG nanoeutectic composite ceramics by a modified laser surface processing. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014, 34(3): 739.
[45] LIU Y, SU H J, SHEN Z L,et al. Insight into the complex coupled growth behavior of Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic based on the evolutions of microstructure and crystallographic texture. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2023, 43(10): 4482.
[46] WANG X, ZHANG W, XIAN Q G,et al. Preparation and microstructure of large-sized directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectics with the seeding technique. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018, 38(16): 5625.
[47] SAKATA S, MITANI A, SHIMIZU K,et al. Crystallographic orientation analysis and high temperature strength of melt growth composite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005, 25(8): 1441.
[48] MAZEROLLES L, PERRIERE L, LARTIGUE-KORINEK S,et al. Microstructures, crystallography of interfaces, and creep behavior of melt-growth composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2008, 28(12): 2301.
[49] LIU Y, SU H J, LU Z,et al. Collaborative enhancement of luminous efficacy and fracture toughness based on interface design of Al₂O₃/YAG: Ce³+ eutectic phosphor ceramic grown by laser floating zone melting. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(7): 10144.
[50] WANG X, ZHONG Y J, SUN Q,et al. Competitive growth of Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics during directional solidification: effect of interfacial energy. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2019, 102(4): 2176.
[51] MAZEROLLES L, MICHEL D, HŸTCH M J. Microstructures and interfaces in directionally solidified oxide-oxide eutectics.Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005, 25(8): 1389.
[52] MAZEROLLES L, MICHEL D, PORTIER R.Interfaces in oriented Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) eutectics.Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1986, 69(3): 252.
[53] SAYIR A, FARMER S C.The effect of the microstructure on mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic.Acta Materialia, 2000, 48(18/19): 4691.
[54] KURZ W, FISHER D J, RAPPAZ M.Fundamentals of solidification 5th edition. Trans Tech Publications Ltd: Switzerland, 2023, 103(5): 372.
[55] MA Y H, WANG Z G, OUYANG J H,et al. In-situ microcantilever deflection to evaluate the interfacial fracture properties of binary Al₂O₃/SmAlO₃ eutectic. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2019, 39(10): 3277.
[56] 沈强, 吴信婷, 魏琴琴, 等. 高密度高温高熵合金与陶瓷共晶复合材料的研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2024, 52(2): 463.
[57] GAO R, CHU Z F, WANG S H,et al. The evolution of Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramic microstructure and property with the growth rate. Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 39(5): 801.
[58] ZHANG Y Z, WANG Z G, XIE L Y,et al. Laser surface nanocrystallization of oxide ceramics with eutectic composition: a comprehensive review. Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering, 2021, 3(1): 37.
[59] XIE L Y, WANG Z G, ZHANG Y Z,et al. Microstructural refinement and mechanical response of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectics fabricated by a novel pulse discharge plasma assisted melting method. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(16): 23510.
[60] ZHONG Y J, LIU Y R, GAO Q,et al. Microstructure of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/EAG eutectic ceramics prepared with high-temperature gradient. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(4): 5456.
[61] PASTOR J Y, LLORCA J, SALAZAR A,et al. Mechanical properties of melt-grown alumina-yttrium aluminum garnet eutectics up to 1900 K. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005, 88(6): 1488.
[62] OLIETE P B, MESA M C, MERINO R I,et al. Directionally solidified Al₂O₃-Yb₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectics for selective emitters. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2016, 144: 405.
[63] LEE J H, YOSHIKAWA A, MURAYAMA Y,et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic materials. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005, 25(8): 1411.
[64] LEE J H, YOSHIKAWA A, FUKUDA T,et al. Growth and characterization of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic fibers. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001, 231(1/2): 115.
[65] 贾晓娇, 张军, 苏海军, 等. 激光悬浮区熔Al₂O₃基共晶自生复合材料微观组织与力学性能. 金属学报, 2012, 48(12): 1479.
[66] SONG K, ZHANG J, JIA X J,et al. Microstructure of Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ hypereutectic alloy directionally solidified by laser floating zone method. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2012, 48(2): 220.
[67] SU H J, ZHANG J, LIU L,et al. Preparation and microstructure evolution of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG/YSZ ternary eutectic ceramics by a modified electron beam floating zone melting. Materials Letters, 2013, 91: 92.
[68] LIU Z, SONG K, GAO B,et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ directionally solidified eutectic ceramic prepared by laser 3D printing. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2016, 32(4): 320.
[69] WANG S H, PEÑA J I, LUN Z Y,et al. Optimization of growth theory of the directionally solidified alumina based eutectic ceramics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 982: 173783.
[70] CAO X, SU H J, GUO F W, et al. Directionally solidified Al₂O₃/GAP eutectic ceramics by micro-pulling-down method. AIP Conference Proceddings, 2016, 1783: 020021.
[71] ZHAO D, SU H J, LU B H,et al. Ultra-high strength micro-nano quasi-monocrystalline Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics processed by high-speed directional solidification. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2025, 45(13): 117485.
[72] YAO S, LIU Y S, LIU D G,et al. Effect of the Al₂O₃ content on the microstructure evolution of flash-sintered Al₂O₃-8YSZ ceramics. Open Ceramics, 2023, 16: 100468.
[73] WU D J, YU X X, ZHAO Z Y,et al. One-step additive manufacturing of TiCp reinforced Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics composites by laser directed energy deposition. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(8): 12758.
[74] WU D J, SHI J, NIU F Y,et al. Direct additive manufacturing of melt growth Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ functionally graded ceramics by laser directed energy deposition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(6): 2957.
[75] WANG S H, LIU J C.Microstructure and growth characteristics of Al₂O₃/Er₂O₃/ZrO₂ solidified ceramics with different compositions.Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2021, 41(7): 4284.
[76] SU H J, LIU Y, REN Q,et al. Distribution control and formation mechanism of gas inclusions in directionally solidified Al₂O₃-Er₃Al₅O₁₂-ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramic by laser floating zone melting. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2021, 66: 21.
[77] LIU Y, SU H J, SHEN Z L,et al. Effect of seed orientations on crystallographic texture control in faceted Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic during directional solidification. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2023, 146: 86.
[78] ZHOU C, SUN L C, DU T F,et al. Microstructure, crystallographic texture and mechanical properties of directionally solidified high-entropy (Y_0.2Gd_0.2Ho_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2)AG/Al₂O₃ eutectic oxides: insights of growth rate control. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026, 252: 232.
[79] LIU Y, SU H J, TAN X,et al. Unveiling crystallographic texture in laser floating zone melted Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic by seed-crystal inducing. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(20): 40185.
[80] HE L T, WANG X, LI J Z,et al. Can orientations of directionally solidified dual-phase Al₂O₃/YAG eutectics be induced by single-phase sapphire seeds? Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2023, 142: 216.
[81] HE Z S, XUAN W D, HU T,et al. Development of a novel (Mg_0.25Co_0.25Ni_0.25Zn_0.25)O medium entropy oxide for dielectric applications. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(17): 31598.
[82] CAI J H, LAN S, WEI B,et al. Colossal permittivity in high-entropy CaTiO₃ ceramics by chemical bonding engineering. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 4008.
[83] WANG Y C, REECE M J.Oxidation resistance of (Hf-Ta-Zr-Nb)C high entropy carbide powders compared with the component monocarbides and binary carbide powders.Scripta Materialia, 2021, 193: 86.
[84] SUN J, GUO L X, ZHANG Y Y,et al. Superior phase stability of high entropy oxide ceramic in a wide temperature range. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(12): 5053.
[85] SUN L C, REN X M, LUO Y X,et al. Exploration of the mechanism of enhanced CMAS corrosion resistance at 1500 ℃ for multicomponent (Er_0.25Tm_0.25Yb_0.25Lu_0.25)₂Si₂O₇ disilicate. Corrosion Science, 2022, 203: 110343.
[86] LUO Y X, SUN L C, WANG J M,et al. Phase formation capability and compositional design of β-phase multiple rare-earth principal component disilicates. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 1275.
[87] ZHONG Y J, XIANG W S, HE L T,et al. Directionally solidified Al₂O₃/(Y_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Ho_0.2Lu_0.2)₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic high-entropy oxide ceramics with well-oriented structure, high hardness, and low thermal conductivity. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2021, 41(14): 7119.
[88] ZHOU C, LUO Z P, DU T F,et al. Directionally solidified high-entropy (Y_0.2Gd_0.2Ho_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2)₃Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃ eutectic with outstanding crystallographic texture formation capability. Scripta Materialia, 2022, 220: 114939.
[89] ZHONG Y J, LI Z, WANG X.Seed-crystal-induced directional solidification toward Al₂O₃/(Y_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Ho_0.2Lu_0.2)₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics.Acta Materialia, 2024, 262: 119369.
[90] ZHONG Y J, LI Z, WANG X.Insight into tuning of ZrO₂ distribution and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/(5Re_0.2)AG/ZrO₂ eutectic ceramic composites.Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, 266: 111016.
[91] XIONG Z W, ZHANG K, LIAO W H,et al. In-situ synthesis of high-entropy Al₂O₃/RE₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ceramic by laser powder bed fusion with exceptional properties. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 13(12): 2004.
[92] LIU H F, SU H J, SHEN Z L,et al. Insights into high thermal stability of laser additively manufactured Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃/ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics under high temperatures. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 48: 102425.
[93] WANG Z G, OUYANG J H, MA Y H,et al. Grain size dependence, mechanical properties and surface nanoeutectic modification of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ ceramic. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(11): 14297.
[94] ZHAO D K, BI G J, CHEN J,et al. Melt-grown behaviour of heat treated high-purity alumina ceramics prepared by laser directed energy deposition. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(1): 1777.
[95] WANG S H, LIU J C, LAN D H,et al. Microstructural stability and high temperature strength of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(1): 306.
[96] SU H J, SHEN Z L, MA W D,et al. Comprehensive microstructure regularization mechanism and microstructure-property stability at 1773 K of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃ eutectic ceramic composite. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, 256: 110647.
[97] HAO S Q, SU H J, ZHAO D,et al. Complex shaped Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics with excellent high temperature mechanical properties printed by vat photopolymerization. Additive Manufacturing, 2025, 101: 104703.
[98] BAKAN E, SOHN Y J, KUNZ W,et al. Effect of processing on high-velocity water vapor recession behavior of Yb-silicate environmental barrier coatings. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2019, 39(4): 1507.
[99] MA Y J, GUO C, CUI Y J,et al. Enhanced water-oxygen corrosion resistance of SiC/SiC composites at 1350 ℃ via a single-layer Y-Al-Si-O glass-ceramics environmental barrier coating. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2024, 44(15): 116728.
[100] BAHLAWANE N, WATANABE T, WAKU Y,et al. Effect of moisture on the high-temperature stability of unidirectionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic composites. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(12): 3077.
[101] SUN H F, SUN L C, REN X M,et al. Outstanding molten calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) corrosion resistance of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramic at 1500 ℃. Corrosion Science, 2023, 220: 111289.
[102] ZHOU C, SUN L C, DU T F,et al. Excellent calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate corrosion resistance of high-entropy garnet/alumina directionally solidified eutectic at 1500 ℃. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2024, 107(3): 1748.
[103] LIU Y, SU H J, SHEN Z L,et al. High temperature calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) corrosion behavior of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramic. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2023, 165: 66.
[104] TAN X, SU H J, LIU Y,et al. CMAS corrosion resistance and mechanism of directionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG eutectic ceramics at high temperatures of 1300-1500 ℃. Corrosion Science, 2025, 248: 112793.
[105] LI J, LUO Z X, CUI Y,et al. CMAS corrosion resistance of Y₃Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃ ceramic coating deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(6): 671.