Abstract: The rapid development of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials has greatly stimulated their applications and functional integration across diverse fields. However, under service environments involving variable temperatures, the introduction of the temperature dimension poses severe challenges to both the material systems and design paradigms of existing electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this context, the development of novel high-temperature absorbing materials for extreme high-temperature and temperature-varying environments, the establishment of design paradigms for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials operable over a broad temperature window, and the proposal of multifunctional integration strategies for high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are of great significance for their applications in aerospace, stealth technology, and advanced electronic systems. Based on the recent progress in high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, this paper first systematically reviews their classification and summarizes the major categories that have emerged in recent years. The respective advantages and limitations of these material systems in variable-temperature environments are then analyzed in detail. In addition, the paper discusses the corresponding design strategies, the mechanisms underlying performance optimization, and the practical challenges that still hinder their wider application. Furthermore, in response to the long-standing problem of the narrow service temperature window of high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, this study summarizes and generalizes the design approaches for temperature-insensitive high-temperature absorbers. These approaches are expected to provide new insights into improving the stability of electromagnetic response across wide temperature ranges. Finally, in light of the growing trend toward multifunctional integration in electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, this paper further explores the feasible routes and potential application prospects for achieving multifunctional integration in high-temperature absorbing materials. By focusing on and clarifying the key issues currently faced by high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, as well as the major directions for future research, this work aims to provide a useful reference for the further development, rational design, and practical application of high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

Key words: high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, temperature-dependent permittivity, variable-temperature electromagnetic performance design, multi-functional integration