新型二维材料光催化与电催化研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20190388

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二维材料以其丰富多样的性能受到广泛关注。该类材料具有极高的比表面积, 可以作为光催化剂和电催化剂, 在环境领域和可再生能源领域具有较大的开发和应用前景。本文综述了三种新型二维材料的结构性能, 即二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXenes)、类石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)以及黑磷(BP)在光催化或电催化领域的研究进展及改性方式; 对二维材料催化性能的改性进行了总结, 并展望了今后的研究方向。

关键词: 新型二维材料, 光催化, 电催化, 过渡金属碳/氮化物, 类石墨相氮化碳, 黑磷, 综述

Abstract:

Two-dimensional materials have attracted broad interest because of their wide variety of properties. They can be used as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts due to their extremely high specific surface area, and have great potential application in the field of environment and renewable energy. This review focuses on the structure and properties of common two-dimensional materials such as 2D carbides and nitrides (MXenes), g-C₃N₄ and black phosphorus (BP). Furthermore, the latest research on the modification of two-dimensional materials in the area of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are discussed and commented. Finally, research prospects for two-dimensional materials in the future are predicted.

Key words: novel two-dimensional materials, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, MXenes, g-C₃N₄, black phosphorous, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

李能,孔周舟,陈星竹,杨雨菲. 新型二维材料光催化与电催化研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(7): 735-747.

LI Neng,KONG Zhouzhou,CHEN Xingzhu,YANG Yufei. Research Progress of Novel Two-dimensional Materials in Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(7): 735-747.

图/表 9

图1 不同种类的二维材料示意图[27]

Fig. 1 Different types of two-dimensional materials[27]

图2 MAX及对应MXene的结构示意图[8]

Fig. 2 Structures of MAX and corresponding MXene[8]

图3 (a) N掺杂石墨烯/V2C MXene复合结构表面的ORR示意图[39], (b) Mo3C2 MXene表面的CO2RR示意图[41], (c) V3C2 MXene表面的N2RR示意图[42] (1 Å=0.1 nm)

Fig. 3 (a) ORR schematic diagram of the surface of N-doped graphene/V2C MXene composite structure[39], (b) schematic diagram of CO2RR of Mo3C2 MXene surface[41], (c) schematic diagram of N2RR of V3C2 MXene surface[42] (1 Å=0.1 nm)

图4 (a)过渡金属原子负载的V2CO2 MXene表面的氢原子吸附自由能[46]和(b) M3CNO2型MXene的HER活性火山图[35]

Fig. 4 (a) Hydrogen adsorption free energy of V2CO2 MXene surface supported by transition metal atom[46] and (b) HER active volcano map of M3CNO2 type MXene[35]

图5 g-C3N4的催化性能改性方法

Fig. 5 Catalytic performance modification methods of g-C3N4 (a) Different precursors and synthetic parameters affect the specific surface area and band gap of g-C3N4[6], (b) preparation of two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheets by nanocrystallization[60], and (c) effect of N doping on the photocatalytic hydrogen separation performance of g-C3N4[61]

图6 黑磷块材到单层黑磷的(a)结构侧视图及其对应的(b)能带结构图[80]

Fig. 6 Side view of (a) structure of black phosphorus block to monolayer black phosphorus and its corresponding (b) band structure diagram[80]

图7 二维材料催化性能的改性

Fig. 7 Modification of catalytic properties of two-dimensional materials (a) Boundary state regulation; (b) Functional group regulation; (c) Defect state regulation; (d) Single atomic immobilization; (e) Confinement effect; (f) Heterojunction

图8 (a)Ⅰ型、(b)Ⅱ型、(c)Ⅲ型和(d)Z型异质结光生电子传输示意图[115]

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transport of (a) type I, (b) type II, (c) type III and (d) Z type heterojunction[115]

图9 BPQD/GCN异质结的Ⅱ型光催化反应机理示意图[119]

Fig. 9 Type II photocatalytic reaction mechanism of BPQD/GCN heterojunction[119]

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