无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 150-158.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250101 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20250101
刘占一1,2,3(
), 李勉2,3(
), 欧阳晓平4, 柴之芳2,3, 黄庆2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-03-08
修回日期:2025-04-16
出版日期:2026-02-20
网络出版日期:2025-05-09
通讯作者:
李 勉, 研究员. E-mail: limian@nimte.ac.cn;作者简介:刘占一(2001-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: liuzhanyi@nimte.ac.cn
基金资助:
LIU Zhanyi1,2,3(
), LI Mian2,3(
), OUYANG Xiaoping4, CHAI Zhifang2,3, HUANG Qing2,3(
)
Received:2025-03-08
Revised:2025-04-16
Published:2026-02-20
Online:2025-05-09
Contact:
LI Mian, professor. E-mail: limian@nimte.ac.cn;About author:LIU Zhanyi (2001-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: liuzhanyi@nimte.ac.cn
Supported by:摘要:
干法后处理技术具有耐辐照、防扩散和简化废物处理等特点, 是未来先进快堆乏燃料后处理的优选技术。其中, 熔盐电解精炼是干法后处理的核心技术, 主要利用铀、钚等锕系元素与其他裂变元素在熔盐体系中的氧化还原电位差来实现锕系元素的分离回收。然而, 在电解精炼过程中, 镧系元素和Sr/Cs等裂变元素在熔盐中不断积累, 改变了熔盐的理化性质, 严重影响电解精炼效率。另外, 90Sr和137Cs等裂变产物属于水溶性长寿命核素, 若处理不当, 将对环境造成巨大危害。因此, 有效净化熔盐中的Sr/Cs等裂变元素不仅是提高熔盐电解干法后处理效率的迫切需求, 也是减少放射性废物排放的重要手段。本文总结了熔盐中的Sr/Cs去除方法的研究现状, 对比分析了电解法、结晶法、减压蒸馏法、沉淀法和离子交换法等不同方法的分离原理和分离效果, 并探讨了未来的发展方向及潜在的可用材料体系。
中图分类号:
刘占一, 李勉, 欧阳晓平, 柴之芳, 黄庆. 干法后处理熔盐中Sr/Cs去除方法的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(2): 150-158.
LIU Zhanyi, LI Mian, OUYANG Xiaoping, CHAI Zhifang, HUANG Qing. Recent Progress on Removal of Sr/Cs from Molten Salt in Dry Reprocessing[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(2): 150-158.
图2 典型轻水反应堆燃料辐照至40000兆瓦天/吨产生的废物[11]
Fig. 2 Wastes arising from typical light water reactor fuel irradiated to 40000 MW·d/t[11] Elements present shadowed in grey. Numbers represent amount in milligram per kilogram of uranium
图10 沸石结构及沸石离子交换装置示意图[52,56]
Fig. 10 Schematic diagrams of zeolite structure and zeolite ion exchange device[52,56] (a, b) Schematic structure of zeolite[52]; (c) System for molten salt-zeolite ion exchange tests[56]
| Method | Working salt | Nuclide | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical method | Cold finger separation | LiCl | Sr, Cs | No impurities introduced | Difficult to scale application | [ |
| Zone-refining process | LiCl | Sr, Cs | No impurities introduced, high removal rate, easy accessibility | Long processing time | [ | |
| LiCl-KCl | [ | |||||
| Chemical method | Precipitation | LiCl-KCl | Sr, Cs | Short processing time, low cost | Low removal rate of Cs, introduction of impurities | [ |
| Electrolysis | LiCl-KCl | Sr | High efficiency | Low removal rate, high corrosivity to equipment | [ | |
| NaCl-KCl | [ | |||||
| Ion exchange | LiCl-KCl/ NaCl-KCl | Sr, Cs | Good selectivity, high removal efficiency | Introduction of new impurities | [ | |
表1 去除熔盐中Sr/Cs的可用方法及其优缺点
Table 1 Available methods for removing Sr and Cs from molten salts and their advantages and disadvantages
| Method | Working salt | Nuclide | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical method | Cold finger separation | LiCl | Sr, Cs | No impurities introduced | Difficult to scale application | [ |
| Zone-refining process | LiCl | Sr, Cs | No impurities introduced, high removal rate, easy accessibility | Long processing time | [ | |
| LiCl-KCl | [ | |||||
| Chemical method | Precipitation | LiCl-KCl | Sr, Cs | Short processing time, low cost | Low removal rate of Cs, introduction of impurities | [ |
| Electrolysis | LiCl-KCl | Sr | High efficiency | Low removal rate, high corrosivity to equipment | [ | |
| NaCl-KCl | [ | |||||
| Ion exchange | LiCl-KCl/ NaCl-KCl | Sr, Cs | Good selectivity, high removal efficiency | Introduction of new impurities | [ | |
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