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无机材料学报

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光-热双响应材料研究进展：从设计策略到智能窗应用

陈明俊1, 缪洪康2, 肖英俊2, 邓建波3, 张翔1, 赵九蓬2, 李垚1,4   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 复合材料与结构研究所,哈尔滨 150001;
    2.上海卫星工程研究所,上海 201100;
    3.哈尔滨工业大学 化工与化学学院,哈尔滨 150001;
    4.苏州实验室,苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-18 修回日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 张翔,副教授. E-mail: zhangxhit@hit.edu.cn; 李垚,教授,E-mail: yaoli@hit.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈明俊(1996-),男,副研究员,E-mail: mingjunchen@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发项目(2022YFB3902704); 黑龙江省博后面上资助项目(LBH-Z24130); 国家自然科学基金(52472157)

Photo- and Thermochromic Dual-Responsive Materials: A Review on Design Strategies and Applications in Smart Windows

CHEN Mingjun1, MIAO Hongkang2, XIAO Yingjun2, DENG Jianbo3, ZHANG Xiang1, ZHAO Jiupeng2, LI Yao1,4   

  1. 1. Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
    2. Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 201100, China;
    3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
    4. Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
  • Received:2025-09-18 Revised:2025-11-05
  • Contact: ZHANG Xiang, associate professor, E-mail: zhangxhit@hit.edu.cn; LI Yao, professor, Email: yaoli@hit.edu.cn
  • About author:CHEN Mingjun (1996-), male, associate professor, E-mail: mingjunchen@hit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3902704); Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund (LBH-Z24130); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52472157)

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摘要： 随着全球人口增长与工业化进程加速,建筑能耗持续攀升,节能降耗成为建筑领域实现“双碳”目标的关键任务。窗户作为建筑光热交换的核心构件,其隔热与采光性能直接决定室内热环境调控能耗,决定了建筑整体节能效率。传统节能窗因其静态结构难以适应变化的环境,而单一刺激响应智能窗也因调控形式单一无法满足多元化节能需求,而光-热双响应智能窗可同步响应光照与温度变化,实现动态协同调控,成为建筑节能的创新解决方案。本文系统综述光-热双响应材料及其智能窗的最新研究进展,聚焦三类核心设计策略：一是具备功能协同效应的单组分光-热双响应材料;二是融合光致变色与热致变色特性的光-热双响应多组分复合物;三是光热材料与热致变色耦合体系。针对每类策略,详细阐述其设计思路、微观结构特征及光热双响应变色机制。同时,深入探讨光-热双响应智能窗在实际建筑场景中的应用潜力,系统分析当前面临的技术挑战,并对未来发展前景进行展望。本文旨在为光-热双响应智能窗的结构设计优化、性能提升及工程化开发提供全面的理论参考与实践指引,助力推动建筑节能技术的革新与产业升级。

关键词: 光致变色, 热致变色, 光-热双响应材料, 智能窗, 零能耗建筑, 综述

Abstract: With the continuous growth of the global population and the accelerated advancement of industrialization, energy consumption within the construction sector has been rising steadily. Energy conservation and consumption reduction have become a key task for the construction field to achieve the "dual carbon" goals. As a central component for photothermal exchange within buildings, the thermal insulation and daylighting performance of windows directly determine the energy consumption for regulating the indoor thermal environment, and play a decisive role in the overall energy-saving efficiency of buildings. Traditional energy-saving windows are limited by their static structure, rendering them ill-suited to adapt to changing environment. Smart windows with single-stimulus response, characterized by their singular regulation mode, cannot meet the diversified energy-saving demands. In contrast, photo-thermal dual-responsive smart windows can simultaneously and accurately respond to changes in external light intensity and temperature, realizing dynamic and coordinated regulation of light transmission and heat conduction. This innovation provides an effective solution for building energy conservation. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress of photo-thermal dual-responsive materials and their smart windows, focusing on three core design strategies: first, single-component photo-thermal dual-responsive materials with functional synergy; second, photo-thermal dual-responsive multi-component composites integrating photochromic and thermochromic properties; third, coupled systems of photothermal materials and thermochromic materials. For each strategy, the design concept, microstructural characteristics, and photo-thermal dual-responsive color-changing mechanism are elaborated in detail. Meanwhile, the application potential of photo-thermal dual-responsive smart windows in actual building scenarios is deeply discussed, the current technical challenges are systematically analyzed, and the future development prospects are prospected. This paper aims to provide comprehensive theoretical references and practical guidance for the structural design optimization, performance improvement, and engineering development of photo-thermal dual-responsive smart windows, thereby promoting the innovation and industrial upgrading of building energy-saving technologies.

Key words: photochromic, thermochromic, dual-responsive materials, smart windows, zero-energy buildings, review

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