三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望

doi:10.15541/jim20190560

无机材料学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 1-7.DOI: 10.15541/jim20190560 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20190560

所属专题： MAX相和MXene材料；二维材料；副主编黄庆研究员专辑；优秀作者论文集锦； 2019~2020年度优秀作者作品欣赏:功能材料； MXene材料专辑(2020~2021)；【虚拟专辑】层状MAX，MXene及其他二维材料

三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望

李勉,黄庆()

中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所, 先进能源材料工程实验室(筹), 宁波 315201

收稿日期:2019-11-01 修回日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-01-20 网络出版日期:2019-12-04
作者简介:李勉(1989-),男,博士. E-mail:limian@nimte.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(21671195);国家自然科学基金(51902320)

Recent Progress and Prospects of Ternary Layered Carbides/Nitrides MAX Phases and Their Derived Two-dimensional Nanolaminates MXenes

LI Mian,HUANG Qing()

Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology& Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

Received:2019-11-01 Revised:2019-11-13 Published:2020-01-20 Online:2019-12-04
About author:LI Mian(1989-), male, PhD. E-mail:limian@nimte.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21671195);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902320)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料MXene受到了科学界的广泛关注。MAX相的晶体结构由M_n+₁X_n结构单元与A元素单原子面交替堆垛排列而成, 兼具金属和陶瓷的诸多优点, 在高温结构材料、摩擦磨损器件、核能结构材料等领域有较大的应用潜力。MAX相的A层原子被刻蚀之后获得成分为M_n+₁X_nT_x(T_x为表面基团)的二维纳米材料, 即MXene, 具有丰富的成分组合以及可调谐的物理化学性质, 在储能器件、电磁屏蔽、电子器件等领域表现出良好的应用前景。本文简要介绍近年来国内外MAX相和MXene材料领域在成分与结构、合成方法、性能与应用研究等方面的研究动态, 据此展望未来几年该类新颖材料的发展方向。

关键词: MAX相, MXene, 层状材料, 综述

Abstract:

In recent years, ternary layered carbide/nitride MAX phases and their derived two-dimensional nanolaminates MXenes have attracted extensive attention. The crystal structure of MAX phase is composed of M_n+₁X_n unit interleaved with layers of A element. MAX phases combine good properties of metal and ceramic, which makes them promising candidates for high temperature structural materials, friction and wear devices, nuclear structural materials, etc. When etching the A-layer atoms of the MAX phase, the two-dimensional nanolaminates with the composition of M_n+₁X_nT_x (T_x is surface termination), i.e. MXene, is obtained. MXenes have wide range of composition, and tunable physical and chemical properties, which endow them great potential in the applications of energy storage devices, electromagnetic shielding materials, and electronic devices, etc. In this paper, the research progress of MAX phase and MXene was introduced in terms of composition and structure, synthesis methods, and properties and application. Furthermore, the research prospects of this large family of materials were discussed.

Key words: MAX phase, MXene, layered materials, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

李勉, 黄庆. 三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(1): 1-7.

LI Mian, HUANG Qing. Recent Progress and Prospects of Ternary Layered Carbides/Nitrides MAX Phases and Their Derived Two-dimensional Nanolaminates MXenes[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(1): 1-7.

图/表 4

图1 目前已合成MAX相的组元分布, 其中M位元素(赤橙色)已经拓展到镧系稀土, A位(天青色)添加了含未满d电子的副族元素, X位(草绿色)则增加了硼元素

Fig. 1 Element distribution of the MAX phases known to date. The M-site elements (orange color) have been extended to lanthanides, A-site elements (blue color) have been extended to subgroup element with unsaturated d-orbitals, and boron has been added into X-site elements (green color)

图2 高分辨扫描透射电镜照片显示MAX(a)、i-MAX(b)和(c)o-MAX的原子排布[8,16-17]

Fig. 2 HR-STEM images showing the atomic positions of MAX phase (a), i-MAX phase (b), and o-MAX phase (c)[8,16-17]

图3 氯化锌熔盐刻蚀MAX相制备MXene过程示意图(a), 扫描电镜照片显示Ti3C2Cl2 MXene的微观形貌(b)和高分辨扫描透射电镜照片显示Ti3C2Cl2 MXene的原子排布(c)[8]

Fig. 3 A schematic diagram showing the process of producing MXene by using ZnCl2 to etch MAX phase (a), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) image showing the microstructure of Ti3C2Cl2 MXene (b), and HR-STEM image showing the atomic positions of Ti3C2Cl2 MXene (c)[8]

图4 高分辨扫描透射电镜照片显示Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2的原子排布(a)、Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2探测过氧化氢机理示意图(b)和Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2与Ti3AlC2探测过氧化氢性能对比(c)[9]

Fig. 4 HR-STEM image showing the atomic positions of Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2 (a), a schematic diagram showing the H2O2 detecting mechanism of Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2 (b), and comparison of the H2O2 detecting ability between Ti3(AlxCu1-x)C2 and Ti3AlC2 (c)[9]

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三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望

Recent Progress and Prospects of Ternary Layered Carbides/Nitrides MAX Phases and Their Derived Two-dimensional Nanolaminates MXenes

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