It is clearly demonstrated that the superplasticity is one of the common properties of fine-grained ceramics at elevated temperatures. The paper reviewed
the major features of superplasticity in ceramics, the deformation characteristics and mechanism of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals(Y-TZP), a
typical superplastic ceramic. The reason for the difference in regionⅠbetween high-purity and low-purity Y-TZP was explained, then the effects of impurities
on the apparent stress exponent were found out. The rate controlling mechanism in superplasticity was also analyzed from the point of activation energy. The
superplastic characteristics of Si₃N₄ covalent ceramics enhanced by intergranular glass phase was studied, hence the role of the intergranular glass
phase in superplasticity was defined. The superplastic behavior of other ceramic materials, including Al₂O₃, aluminium based composites, covalent ceramic
materials and nano-structured ceramics were also summarized.

Recent progress in research on a new kind of eco-material, woodceramics, is reviewed. Because of its unusual abrasive, sensitive and electromagnetic
shielding properties, as well as unique structure, woodceramics will probably be widely applied as functional ceramics. The preparation methods,
structure, performances, and preparing mechanisms of carbon woodceramics and SiC woodceramics are summarized. For an example of preparing β-SiC,
the infiltration mechanism of Si into C preform and the corresponding infiltration-reaction models are presented. Besides the above-mentioned two
kinds of woodceramics, other carbide woodceramics and oxide woodceramics are also introduced in brief. Finally, the existing problems and countermeasures
of woodceramics are discussed and suggested, and their application prospects are proposed.

Mesoporous materials possess extra-high specific surface area and regular pore diameters in the range of 1.5-50nm and distinct adsorption capacity. These characteristics open up the potential use in fluidized catalytic cracking and the manufacture of fine materials. The development of mesoporous materials in catalytic fields has been reviewed in this paper, and widely applied prospect has been summarized.

A new type of magneto-optical Faraday rotation iron garnet bulk single-crystal with composition of ReYbBiIG (Re:Tb³⁺, Ho³⁺, Y³⁺, etc.)
was designed and grown by using Bi₂O₃/B₂O₃ as main flux and using Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique for single-crystal growth. It is
believed, that through combining of two types of Bi³⁺-substituted rare-earth iron garnets with opposite signs of Faraday rotation temperature
and wavelength coefficients, the magneto-optical properties could be much improved. Series of ReYbBiIG bulk single crystals with large magneto-optical
figure of merit, low magnetic field for saturation, low near-infrared absorption, and small Faraday rotation temperature and wavelength coefficients
were obtained, such as Ho_0.85Yb_1.12Bi_1.03Fe₅O₁₂ and Tb_2.06Yb_0.46Bi_0.48Fe₅O₁₂, etc. Investigation of ReYbBiIG used as Faraday rotator material for optical isolator indicates that our new designed and grown magneto-optical Faraday rotation crystals
are good candidate for temperature stabilized and wideband optical isolators employing in WDM optical fiber communication systems.

SiC single crystal was grown by physical vapor transportation (PVT) technique using β-SiC raw materials. The phase transformation of raw materials during
the crystal growth was investigated by XRD. It was found that the phase transition from β-SiC to α-SiC was completed after growth of 30min. The molar
ratio of Si/C in the grown crystal was more than 1 and dependent on the growth time. The maximum value of Si/C was obtained at the intermediate growth process.
The formation of pinhole in the grown crystal was related to the deviation from stoichiometry of Si/C=1 in the vapor phase and the impurity of raw materials. It was confirmed by EDX analysis.

Yb³⁺-doped 60 SiO₂-xBi₂O₃-(30-x)B₂O₃-2K₂O-7Na₂O-1Yb₂O₃(x=0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) were prepared. The physical and spectroscopic properties of Yb³⁺doped SiO₂-
Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ were studied. The refractive index, density of Yb³⁺ doped SiO₂-Bi2O3-B₂O₃ glasses increase with the increase of Bi₂O₃ content, while the T_g, T_f
decrease with the increase of Bi₂O₃ content. The system of 60 SiO₂-15Bi₂O₃-15B₂O₃-2K₂O-7Na₂O-1Yb₂O₃ glass possesses higher asymmetry. This sample exhibits higher peak absorption
cross section(σ_abs) and integrated absorption cross section (Σ_abs):1.97pm² and 5.32×10⁴pm³ respectively. Also this glass has higher spontaneous emission probability(Arad)
1620S^-1, the τ_rad (calculated emission lifetime) is 0.617ms. The measured emission lifetime(τ_f) has strong relations with the
OH^- content in glasses, as the B₂O₃ content increases from 0mol% to 30mol%, the τ_m increases from 0.39 to 0.87ms.

Er³⁺-doped bismuth-based glasses with compositions of (50～75)Bi₂O₃-(20～45)B₂O₃-5Na₂O, 70Bi₂O₃-(17～25)B₂O₃-xZrF₄-5Na₂O, 70Bi₂O₃-(0～25)B₂O₃-(0～25)SiO₂-5Na₂O were prepared. The absorption spectra, emission spectra and lifetime
of ⁴I_13/2 level of Er³⁺ ion were measured. The mixed former effect was mentioned firstly and its effects on spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺
ion were investigated. The results indicate that an increase of effective absorption bandwidth, emission cross section, FWHM, and relatively higher
lifetime could be obtained in the bismuth-based glasses through mixed former effects. All these data suggest that Er³⁺ doped bismuth-based glass is
a good candidate host material for optical amplifiers to realize broadband and high gain amplification.

Ba₂Zn_ZCo_2-ZFe₁₂O₂₂-SiO₂ microcrystallite glass ceramics were prepared by citrate sol-gel process; The detailed informations of phases
composition and microstructure were obtained by XRD and SEM. It shows that the average crystal size of Ba₂Zn_ZCo_2-ZFe₁₂O₂₂-SiO₂ microcrystallite
glass ceramics calcined at 1200℃/5h is about 0.3μm; The vector network analyzer was used to measure the complex permeability and dielectric
constant of the samples in the frequency range of 0.1～6.0GHz, the complex dielectric constant and the real part of permeability decrease with measuring
frequency increasing, very obvious resonance peaks were observed in μ’’～ f curves.

Nano TiN powders were prepared by the ammonium nitridation method using nano Ti0₂ powders as starting material. The effect of nitridation reaction conditions on the properties of nano TiN powders was studied. The purity of nano TiN powders was analyzed by the chemical method. The thermal stability of nano TiN powders was studied by the DTA-TG technique. The experimental results show that nitricled at 800℃for 5h, nano TiO₂ powders are completely converted into nano TiN powders. TEM micrographs show that the size of nano TiN particles is about 20nm.

Hexagonal cadmium sulfide nanorods with diameters of 30～80 nm and lengths up to 170～1110 nm were prepared in CTAB/water/hexane/n-pentanol quaternary
microemulsion under hydrothermal conditions at 130℃. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, and EDS. The mediate tower-shaped
rods, being composed of triangular crystals coordinated along c-axis, were observed. While aging, sharp edges of the tower-shaped rods were greatly
blurred with the final product of smooth rods. Based on the facts, a direction aggregation process from triangular crystals to the final smooth
rods with the continuous provision of sulfide was proposed for the growth mechanism of nanorods.

Nanocrystalline bimetallic metal oxynitride, Ti_0.8Cr_0.2O_xN_y, was synthesized by ammonolysis of
the nanosized Cr₂O₃/TiO₂ composite powder at 800℃ for 8h. The precursor and the resulting oxynitride were characterized by Auger
electron spectroscope (AES), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and
BET surface area techniques. The results indicate that the as-synthesized oxynitride powder contains only Ti_0.8Cr_0.2O_xN_y with cubic
structure and its average particle size is 20～30nm, its specific surface area reaches 46.74m²/g.

The powders of xwt%SiO₂-WO₃ were prepared by the chemical precipitation method, and their microstructures were characterized through XRD and TEM. The effects of SiO₂ content and sensors operating temperature on the sensitivity were investigated. The mechanism of gas sensitivity of WO₃ to H₂S was also discussed. The results show that the sensitivity to H₂S rises when SiO₂ added. The sensor has high sensitivity and good selectivity to H₂S when x=5 and the optimum working temperature is 180℃.

The multiply coated Ni/PSt/TiO₂ spheres with uniform size, high refractive index and easily assembling
property by electric and magnetic fields were prepared. The multilayer complex spheres consisted of a modified nickel colloidal sphere as the core,
a polymer polystyrene coating, and an outermost coating of titania. The prepared Ni/PSt/TiO₂ multilayer composite spheres were characterized by
FT-IR, XRD, TEM, etc. Also, the composite particles showed well responses to electric and magnetic fields which were reflected by the formation of
network structure under electric and magnetic fields superimposed in the perpendicular.

Simultaneous sintering of SiC and C was completed with the powder metallurgical method, and with which a near dense
plasma facing material with 0～100% compositional distributions of SiC---bulk SiC/C FGM was obtained. Well graded composition and structure of that composite
were demonstrated by SEM analysis. SiC/C FGM combines the well erosion resistance of SiC and high thermal-shock resistance of graphite, and has the high
effective thermal conductivity and thermal fatigue resistance. Chemical sputtering and Takamok irradiation experiments indicate that SiC/C FGM has
good high temperature plasma erosion resistance.

Ultrafine hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were prepared in the emulsion of chloroform and water
with lecithin as the emulsifier, and the effect of lecithin on the dispersion of HA particles in chloroform was explored. FTIR and
TEM analysis show that lecithin can attach on the surface of HA particles, greatly improves their dispersion in chloroform after demulsification.
Therefore, a suspension of nano-sized HA particles with excellent dispersion in organic media can be prepared with this method.
When compounded with PMMA, the HA particles can be distribute homogeneously in the PMMA matrix. The results suggest that the suspension is significant to achieve a
desirable composite microstructure during the preparation of HA-reinforced composites.

The role of gelatin was examined with the main focus on its induction ability of hydroxyapatite (HA) nucleation in a modified aqueous solution with gelatin.
The results show that when the addition of gelatin is in the range of 1wt%～3wt%, HA crystal is formed with a perfect crystalline. However, no HA nucleation occurrs
when gelatin content reaches 4wt% because of the steric effect. When the dried powder with 4wt% gelatin addition calcined at 900℃, the average size
of HA is about 40nm which is smaller than those of synthesized particles without gelatin addition. However, this powder is easier to decompose to β-TCP when
sintered at 1000℃, and the resultant β-TCP possesses a significant thermal stability up to 1500℃.

The layered LiNi_xCo_1-xO₂ compound was prepared by calcining a complex precursor at different temperatures.
The physical properties of the synthesized cathode materials were discussed on the basis of structural analysis. The charge and discharge cycling of the
cells containing the synthesized oxide as the positive electrode in conjunction with lithium metal and employing a non-aqueous electrolyte
shows that LiNi_0.9Co_0.1O₂ treated at 900℃ exhibits the best electrochemical performance. The first discharge capacity of
LiNi_0.9Co_0.1O₂ is 120.5 mAh/g with 30 cycle capacity loss of only 1.4%. The mechanisms of capacity degradation were investigated based on
phase and microstructure analyses.

Media-low temperature sintering technique is- widely used for the fabrication of BaTiO₃ based ceramics. The sintering temperature of BaTiO₃-based ceramics will be decreased greatly through the doping of B₂O₃ vapor. Doping with B₂O₃ vapor results in the sample with low room temperature resistivity and high resistance jump relatively. It is revealed that boron interstitial can exist in the grain lattice of BaTiO₃. The boron interstitial or/and its complex can form electron capture center and enhance the PTCR effect of the sample.

A wet chemical method was adopted to introduce alumina sol to surface-modification of alumina bubble and in-situ decomposition characteristics, distribution of
alumina sol, microstructure and mechanical properties of surface-modified alumina bubble were studied by SEM, XRD, Coulter LS Particle Size Analyzer and self-preparation
experimental device for measurement of compressive resistance. The results showed that the alumina sol formed film on the surface, filtered into and distributed
on the pore and crack of alumina bubble. After heat-treatment at 500～900℃, the alumina sol can in-situ decompose to high active γ-Al₂O₃ powder,
compressive resistance of surface-modified alumina bubble was heightened from 15.6N to 30.2N after sintering at 1550℃.

The processing and properties of porous silicon carbide were studied. The dextrin was used as pore-making agent and binder. The porous silicon carbide with a porosity
from 27% to 70% was synthesized by adjusting the content of dextrin and at the same time the pore size and distribution of the specimen can be effectively controlled.
XRD and SEM were carried out to characterize phases and microstructure of the specimen. The isomerization behavior of molybdenum oxycarbide supported on such material was studied.
The selectivity of it is 70% for dodecane which is higher level compared to other porous materials. But the activity is only 20%. The reasons for this need to be further investigated.

The effects of surface oxidation on the bonding strength were investigated. The results suggested that bonding
could not be achieved without surface oxidation because of the no wetting of Cu[O] eutectic liquid. While, the wetting of the eutectic liquid could be
promoted by surface oxidation, and the bonding strength was greatly affected by the surface oxidation form. Compared with specimen oxidized in wet
atmosphere (N₂:O₂=10:1), the specimen oxidized in dry air achieved stronger bonding strength. The bonding strength of 2.8kg·mm^-2 was
obtained for the specimen oxidized at 1300℃ for 30 min, with the 2～3μm interlayer in thickness, and CuAlO₂ as interface production.

Lithium (transition) metal nitrides were synthesized by high-energy ball-milling technique. The obtained samples exhibit high electrochemical activity and reversibility.
The average capacity of Li_2.6Co_0.4N samples is ca. 880mAh·g^-1 within the first 10 cycles. Li_2.6Co_0.2Cu_0.2N sample has a capacity about
750mAh·g^-1 after the first several cycles. 80% of its second cycle capacity can be retained at the 45th cycle. Li_2.6Co_0.2Fe_0.2N sample
is a mixture of two or more phases including Li_2.6Co_0.4N. It has a capacity about 560 mAh·g^-1 at the 40th cycle, 82% of its second cycle
capacity. Good cycling performance suggests that these compounds could be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

The SiO₂ coating on 3-D carbon fiber braids was prepared by the sol-dipping method. And the influence of
coating preparation process on the oxidation resistance of the braids was also studied. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the dipped sample is
improved 300℃ comparing with the raw braids, when the braids are treated by nitric acid. Then it is dipped with the sol, of which the viscosity
is between 0.01～0.012(Pa·s)and the molecule growth model is linear. The thickness of coating is about 0.5μm. The oxidation resistance
of dipped samples decreases when the thickness of coating is either thicker or thinner, because the coating is coated asymmetrically or combined badly with fiber surface.

Two different structures of mesoporous silica materials SBA-15 (P6mm) and SBA-16 (Im3m) were
synthesized by using commercial block copolymers P123 and F127 as structure-directing agents correspondingly under acidic conditions. The
characteristics of samples were investigated by using XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, and HTEM techniques. The results show that the
resulted mesoporous materials SBA-15 and SBA-16 are highly ordered materials. Their highest BET surface areas are respectively around
765m²·g^-1 and 930m²·g^-1. The pore diameters are 6.46nm and 3.92nm correspondingly. This means the synthesized mesoporous
materials have potential applications in functional and economic materials.

The effects of atmosphere (O₂, N₂ and NH₃) on the thermal stability of Al-MCM-41 were investigated for the first time. The thermal stability, characterized by BET surface area, pore diameter distribution and XRD patterns, showed greatly difference in samples treated under different atmosphere conditions. The samples treated in NH₃ or N₂ remained typical mesoporous structure up to 1010℃, but the mesoporous structure in the samples treated in O₂ collapsed at temperatures larger than 900℃.

High thermal stability Al-MCM-41 was synthesized in-situ on NaOH Na-montmorillonite by using solution
silicate and surface silicate as Si and Al source . The bulk of CTAB can bedecreased and the synthesized sample will be stable with surface silicate
as Si source. While well long-ranged structure Al-MCM-41 can be obtained by using solution silicate and surface silicate as Si and Al source interacting on the CTAB in the synthesis process. The effect of the bulk of CTAB, NaOH
and the acting time of NaOH was discussed through XRD, nitrogen adsorption, heat stability, TEM. The synthesized sample has high thermal stability, and its
specific surface area has more than 800m²/g after heating at 800℃ for 2h or 100m²/g after heating at 1200℃ for 2h.

TiC-TiB₂/Cu ceramic-matrix composites were produced by self-propagating high-temperature combustion
synthesis combined with pseudo hot isostatic pressing. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesized compacts were investigated.
The results show that the final product consists of TiC, TiB₂ and Cu three phases, which is pure without unreacted B₄C and Ti. The
particle size of TiB₂ and TiC decreases with Cu content increasing due to the reduction of the combustion temperature.

The introduction of Cu into TiB₂-TiC/Cu composites results in a drastic increase in the relative densities, transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness.
The maximum bend strength obtained with the addition of 20wt% Cu is 580MPa, while the maximum fracture toughness obtained with the addition of
40wt% Cu is 8.1MPa·m^1/2.

Ti/HA biocomposites were successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy method. The in vivo
bioactivities of the biocomposites were investigated. At an early stage of implantation, a fibrous film forms around the pure titanium
implant. And with the increase of implantation time, the fibre tissue disappears gradually, accompanying the formation of new bone. After
6-month implantation, a typical bone-contact interface forms between the pure titanium implant and the surrounding bone. A very
thin film of new bone is observed around the composite with 30% titanium and a big gap exists between the composite and the surrounding
bone at an early stage of implantation, whereas, large quantity of new bone forms around the composites with 50% and 70% titanium. These
three composites all form tight bone-bonding interface with the surrounding bone after 6-month implantation. So it can be concluded
that these Ti/HA composites all exhibit excellent bioactivity. The osteogenic rate of the composite with 30% titanium is distinctly
lower than that of the other two Ti/HA composites. The three Ti/HA composites all have better bioactivity than pure titanium.

The phase components, microstructure and Fe, Si element distributions of the reaction zone of the solid state reaction of SiC/Fe were studied by employing
XRD, EPMA and SEM, etc. The reaction products of Fe₃Si, Fe(Si) and graphitic carbon precipitates were generated. The reaction zone is composed of the band
structure, i.e. the modulated carbon precipitation zone (M-CPZ)/ the random carbon precipitation zone (R-CPZ)/the carbon precipitation free zone (C-PFZ) from the
SiC terminal to the Fe terminal, when the couple annealed at 1100℃ for 3h. A model was established to explain the mechanism of SiC/Fe solid state reaction.
During the reaction, the decomposition of SiC is discontinuous, which results in the formation of the M-CPZ of the reaction.

Regression analysis was used to obtain the quantitative relationship between the dielectric properties
(ε and tanδ) and processing parameters of (Zr_0.7Sn_0.3)TiO₄ ceramics, which include doping rates of CuO, ZnO and glass (x₁, x₂
and x₃ wt%, respectively), the calcination and sintering (x₄×10³ and x₅×10³℃, respectively) temperatures: ε=10.9731-1.4559x₁+9.9154x₂+1.9776x₃-3.3160x²₂-0.2286x²₃-
200.1697x²₄-161.9102x²₅+375.1160x₄x₅; lg(tanδ)=-38.5876-0.6452x₂+0.1235x₃+31.2221x₄+30.3861x₅+0.1100x²₁+0.2077x²₂-0.0106x²₃-27.4317x₄x₅. It is possible to predict the dielectric properties under
given processing parameters, and to determine the processing parameters that satisfy certain dielectric properties. This helps to accelerate the
investigation of electric ceramic materials.

he binary Fe-N phase diagrams at the low temperatures were calculated by using a two-sublattice version of the Compound Energy Model (CEM). The phase
equilibrium of α-Fe(N) and γ’-Fe₄N, and γ-Fe₄N and ε-Fe₂N_1-x was respectively obtained in the temperature range of 25～350 ℃. The α-Fe(N), γ’-Fe₄N, and
ε-Fe₂N_1-x phases are thermodynamically stable at the low temperatures. The calculated binary Fe-N phase diagram by using the Guillermet
and Du’s parameters describing the thermodynamic properties of Fe-N phases was confirmed from the available experimental data at the low temperatures.

Nano-structured TiN films were synthesized on stainless steel by using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII-D),
developed in this decade and considered as a advanced surface modification method. Samples deposited with TiN film were undertaken a tension test and
observed in situ by scanning electron microscope. It shows that there is no delamination, peeling or cracking existing on the film after relative
highly plastic deformation. Scratch test was chosen to measure the adhesion strength between the film and matrix, and a very high value was
obtained. Nano-indentation tests for the synthesized TiN film shows that it possesses very high nano-hardness and young’s modulus. Transmission
electron microscopy was used to identify the structure of the prepared film, atom force microscopy to observe the surface morphology, and Auger electron
spectroscope to detect the composition profile in depth. It is considered that the excellent mechanical properties of the synthesized TiN film are
attributed to the nanocrystal structure of the film, high density, excellent surface quality as well as a broader film/matrix interface achieved by PIII-D
process.

The nanostructured and conventional ZrO₂ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying
technique (APS). The influence of the grain size and shape of feedstock and spraying parameters on the ZrO₂ coating was examined. The deposition
efficiency, roughness and Vikers microhardness of two kinds of ZrO₂ coatings were measured. The obtained results reveal that the nanostructured ZrO₂ coating possesses high and stable deposition
efficiency, more uniform microstructure, higher Vikers microhardness and lower roughness than that of conventional ZrO₂ coating.

A fresh women corpse was found at Mawangdui Han-dynasty tomb in Hunan province in 1972. It was a marvel that
was kept fresh for about two thousands years. Archaeologist and geologist proposed that was induced by buried and geological conditions. The charcoal
in Mawangdui Han-Dynasty Tomb was measured with high-resolution transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. Two
kinds of carbon structure were found in this charcoal: turbostastic carbon and alike graphite. Fullerence was found in this charcoal. The kind of
charcoal is important to keeping corpse fresh in Mawangdui Han-dynasty tomb. This found is important to materials science, carbon and archeological studies.

ATO nanoparticles were prepared from Sn(OH)₄ nucleus grown uniformly with Sn(OH)4 and Sb(OH)₃ by a complex method. The effects of reaction conditions such as doping concentrations, pH, temperature and complexing agent/Sb on the resistance were investigated by means of TG-DTA,XRD,TEM. The results show that ATO nanoparticles synthesized possess tetrahedral rutile structure with an average grain size near 10nm and excellent electrical properties. TEM photographs show that the particles are weakly agglomerated.

The Fe₃O₄ magnetic nano-articles prepared by the titration hydrolyzation method were studied with X-ray diffration(XRD), UV-Vis diffusive reflectance
spectrum(DRS), Magnetoresistance measurement and digital bridge LCR. The results show that the Fe₃O₄ magnetic particles have strong absorptions in the rang
from 250nm to 3000nm；the average diameter of the Fe₃O₄ nano-particles is about 18nm. The Fe₃O₄ granular film has obvious negative magnetoresistivity
effect and humidity sensitive character. The impedance of the Fe₃O₄ nano-particles decreases with increasing magnetic induction and humidity respectively.

Nanocrystalline ZnO was prepared by the combustion synthesis method for the first time. XRD results show that the samples crystallize in the same structure as bulk ZnO material, with particle size of about 20nm. Fluorescence properties were also investigated. Apart from the intrinsic CV transition peaked at 390 nm, green and red emission bands also appear in the cathodluminescence spectra, and their relative intensity changes with the ratio of fuel and oxidant.

Mono-dispersive CdS nanoparticles, with some triangle CdS nano-particles, were synthesized, by the reaction of H2S with CdCl₂ solution and [CdEDTA] solution in the reverse micelles respectively. The formation mechanism of CdS triangular nanoparticles was discussed.

To extend the charge/discharge voltage range of cathode material Li_xMn₂O₄ for Li-ion battery and
elevate it’s capacity on the basis of good cyclability, the synthesis and electrochemical performance of S-Co co-doped LiMn₂O₄ were researched.
All the samples synthesized by the sol-gel method possess the structure of the pure cubic spinel phase and the crystallization is superior. The electrochemical performance of
LiCo_0.1Mn_1.9O_4-xS__x is satisfying too. In voltage range of 2.4--4.3V, the initial capacity amounts to 170 mAh/g and it increases
to some extent instead of decreasing after 30 cycles.

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is an important compound of the Ⅲ-Ⅴ group. It attracts much interest for years around the world due to its excellent
properties which are similar to or prior to those of diamond. The fabrication and properties investigation of cBN is one of the attractions
to materials researches for decades. In this paper, the fabrication of cBN films by ECR CVD technique assisted with a hot filament was reported.
The results show that negative bias is not the unique factor for formation of cBN, the active particles is also an essential factor.

Nano TiO₂ films composed of layered, needle shaped and spherical particles were synthesized by the water based sol-gel method with the modification of acetic acid. SEM, XRD and IR were used to analyze the as prepared films. The results show that the concentration of acetic acid is the key factor having effect on the determination of microstructure of as prepared nano films. This method can be used to control the microstructure of other nano material prepared by sol-gel routes.

Some shortcomings, such as high viscosity, low conductivity and low solid content etc were found for the
AEO₉/alcohol/alkane/water system reverse microemulsion ceramic inks prepared in the previous paper. Therefore, a small amount of alcohol and
Na₂CO₃ were added to adjust and improve the physicochemical properties to meet the demands of continuous ink-jet printers. It was found that the
addition of 1%～2% alcohol resulted in a reduction in viscosity to 11mPa·s. The composition of ceramic inks with the bicontinuous structure
was designated according to the phase diagram. The change of water dissolving amounts was investigated with the objective of enhancing them. The solid load
of 2.54% in the ink was realized experimentally. Unfortunately, the physicochemical properties were still not satisfactory. A small amount of
Na₂CO₃ was added to improve them. It was revealed from the experiment that the viscosity was below 18mPa·s and the conductivity was 100mS/m
after Na₂CO₃ modification. The stability of the modified ceramic inks was excellent and the particle size in the ink was lower than 10nm. The
transparency of the ink was lowered a little compared with that of ordinary reverse microemulsion ceramic ink. The TEM observation demonstrated this ink
had an obvious feature of bicontinuous structure.