This paper presented the characterization of microstructure of A1₂O₃ with abnormal grain growth (AGG). The effect of different additives, seeds and introduction of seeds on AGG, microstructure and mechanical property of A1₂O₃ was summarized systematically. The mechanism of AGG under different conditions was discussed. Also, the mechanism to toughen A1₂O₃ ceramics with AGG was interpreted preliminarily.

Lithium nickel oxide as the positive electrode of rechargeable lithium ion batteries with a high
energy density and lower cost has aroused more and more interests. However, LiNiO₂ has a few disadvantages which prevent this material
from being used as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Poor thermal stability is one of its major disadvantages.
In this paper, the progress in recent researches on the thermal behavior of full-lithiated, electrochemically delithiated Li_1-xNiO₂
and the thermal decomposition mechanism were reviewed, and the studies for developing nickel-based lithium transition metal oxides with improved thermal
stability as cathode materials were summarized.

Many semiconductor-based composite materials have been developed and applied. This paper describes the structures and preparation of the semiconductor-based composite materials and the influences on the performance in photoelectrochemistry. Selected composite materials are presented with enhanced performance over their counterparts in the " neat " state. The suggestions on further studies are also discussed.

Ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ thin films have excellent ferroelectric/dielectric properties, and promising
application prospect in tunable microwave devices and dynamic random access devices. In this article, their research backgrounds, basic
structures, preparation methods, various characterizations of thin film properties, and applications are summarized. Furthermore, the several
important problems of the current researches of (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ thin films are also discussed in great detail based on the acquired research
results.

This paper quotes the conception of green chemistry and its technology, reappraises the environmental compatibility and value of application about the most widely used inhibitor materials in water treatment systems; introduces the present situation, the researches and the design ideas of new types of environmentally benign products in the field of domestic and abroad, such as corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitor, biocide, flocculant, nanometer semiconductor degradation photocatalyst materials, and so on.

Temperature dependence of dielectric, piezoelectric properties and polarization vs E-field curves of Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-PbTiO₃ single crystal grown
directly from melt by the modified Bridgman technique with an allomeric Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ seed crystal was investigated. For <001>
poled crystals, the permittivity ε_r and the dielectric loss tangent tgδ are 5000 and 1% respectively. For T<100℃, the value
of k₃₃ is relatively temperature independent, with a value between 0.9 to 0.95, even at 150℃, the value of k₃₃ decreases by only 10%. The
value of d₃₃ reaches up to a maximum of 3000 pC/N at about 80℃, and has a value of 850 pC/N at 150℃. The results obtained show that
(1-x)Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-xPbTiO₃ single crystals are promising for a wide range of electromechanical transducer applications.

The powder of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the plate electrodes of ultrahigh capacitor made of CNTs were
treated by strong acid. Experimental results indicated that the ratio of amorphous carbon in the powder of CNTs was lowered, the dispersity of the
powder of CNTs was advanced, and several kinds of functional group were added on the surfaces of CNTs. Moreover, the specific area of plate
electrodes was increased, the aperture distribution was improved. These variations resulted in the obvious advancement of the capacity properties
of ultrahigh capacitor.

A new method by combining Chimie Douce method with sol-gel route and using citrate as complex reagent was introduced for preparing inverse spinel
LiCoVO₄ as novel high-voltage cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Investigations were conducted by XRD, DSC and TG, IR, Raman, SEM and EDAX, and electrochemical techniques. The results of XRD and thermal analysis
show the high crystalline LiCoVO₄ with high phase purity are formed at 450℃. The results of the IR and Raman investigations show
the band located at ～820cm^-1 corresponding to the stretching vibration mode with the A₁ symmetry, whereas the band situated at ～335cm^-1 corresponding
to the bending mode of the VO₄ tetrahedron with E symmetry. The SEM and EDAX results show that the average diameter of the original particles is
300nm and the distributions of particle diameter and elements are even. Electrochemical measurement shows that the initial charge capacity is
160mAh·g^-1 with the platform voltage of 4.8V and its discharge capacity is 152mAh·g^-1.

Manganese dioxides were prepared by direct thermal decomposition of KMnO₄ at different temperatures. XRD
and TEM measurements show that the materials contain a large amorphous/crystalline ratio and have layered structures with K⁺ ions between them.
Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that the materials prove to be excellent electrodes for electrochemical capacitors in a mild 0.5mol/L Na₂SO₄ aqueous electrolyte. A sample decomposed at 550℃ gives a specific
capacitance of 243F·g^-1 between --0.2 and +1.0V(vs. SCE), and an excellent cyclability after 200 cycles at constant current 40mA and its specific capacitance
remains over 95%.

Cu-activated carbon composite electrodes were prepared by the impregnation method and the mixing method. The
porous structures and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of activated carbons loaded with metal Cu were investigated by using nitrogen gas adsorption and
constant current cycling (CCC) methods. The results show that activated carbon loaded with metal Cu can improve the discharge capacitance of the electrodes,
however, the different loading methods will lead to the varied influences on the cycle characterization of the electrodes. SEM, TEM and XRD technologies
show that the stable electrochemical characterization obtained from the activated carbon mixed metal Cu electrode mainly depends on the metal particles
dispersed homogeneously in all parts of the activated carbon.

The characteristics and electrochemical behavior of Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/PbO₂ anode prepared by thermal decomposition in sulphuric acid solution were studied.
The ESEM results showed that the SnSb intermediate oxide layer of the electrode was compact and ordered, so it could effectively prevent the diffusion of new-born
oxygen toward Ti substrate and delay the forming of insulated TiO₂ layer. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the compositions of electrode surface
were changed in the course of oxygen evolution. At the same time, the anode lifetime of 30h was also assessed by the accelerated lifetime test in the 1.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution.

La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_0.8Co_0.2O₃ oxides powders of perovskite-type were synthesized by the low temperature
Glycine-Nitrate Process(GNP). The contributing factors to the crystal structure and morphology of synthesized powders were examined, and the desired synthesis
conditions were studied. The influences of sintering temperature on the electrical conductivities were studied, indicating that the sample sintered
at 1200℃ showed highest electrical conductivity. In the range of room temperature to 900℃, the electrical conductivities of the
samples sintered at different temperatures respectively increase with temperature to the maximums near 600℃ and then decrease. It was
verified that the hopping of small polaron is the dominating mechanism of the electrical conduction at low temperatures. The samples sintered at
different temperatures have similar activation energies of 0.103～0.122eV. Compared with the La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_0.8Co_0.2O₃ synthesized
by the conventional solid state reaction method, those synthesized by GNP exhibit better sintering activity and electrical conductivities.

In this article the colloidal chemistry of PZT powders in aqueous solution, the rheological behaviors of the PZT suspension and the influence of dispersants
on the rheology of the suspension and on the electrical properties of the gelcast PZT samples were investigated in comparison with those of die pressed
ones. The results show that because the electrical properties of PZT are very sensitive to their composition, unsuitably selected dispersants can result in the deterioration
of the electric properties of the material although concentrated PZT slurry with low viscosity can be obtained by different dispersants. The results also
indicate that the influence of the additives on the properties of the samples should be considered when gelcasting is applied to the forming of electronic
ceramics.

Microwave dielectric properties of A-site substitution by Nd³⁺ in (Pb_0.5Ca_0.5)(Fe_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ system were investigated.
Microwave dielectric properties of [(Pb_0.5Ca_0.5)_1-xNd_x](Fe_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ (PCNFN) were improved because the solid solution of small amount of surplus Nd³⁺
with (Pb,Ca)²⁺ could eliminate oxygen vacancies. A single perovskite phase was formed when x=0.02. Surplus Nd³⁺ resulted in the formation of secondary
phase (pyrochlore), which can deteriorate to the microwave dielectric properties of PCNFN ceramics. The decreasing of dielectric properties with x content was
mainly caused by the formation of pyrochlore. Dielectric constant was above 100 and quality factor Qf values were 5385～5797GHz as x=0.02～0.05. Temperature
coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) was changed from positive to negative with the increase of x content.

The microwave permittivity of micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers and straight carbon nanotubes suspended in paraffin wax was studied at the frequency range of 8.2～12.4GHz.
The micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition. The straight carbon nanotubes were prepared by catalytic
decompose of benzene using the floating transition method. The dissipation factors of the micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers are high at the microwave
frequencies. The ε’ and ε’’ of the micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers decrease with frequency at the frequency range of 8.2～12.4GHz. The promising features of micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers
would be due to their micro-coiling morphology. The ε’’ and tgδ of the large-coiled carbon fibers are higher than those of the
small-coiled carbon fibers. Although the ε’ and ε’’ of the straight carbon nanotubes are much higher than those of the micro-coiled
chiral carbon fibers, their dissipation factor tgδ is much less than that of the large-coiled chiral carbon fibers. The tgδ of the large-coiled carbon fibers and small-coiled carbon fibers is 0.77\sim0.80
and 0.47～0.53 respectively, the straight carbon nanotubes, 0.45～0.77. The micro-coiled chiral carbon fiber would be a promising candidate as a novel
microwave absorbent, especially in the GHz region, because of its micro-coiling morphology (microwave chirality). And microwave chirality is related to the
size and microstructure of the micro-coiled chiral carbon fibers.

Frequency domain and time domain dielectric measurement was taken for a Ba_0.5Sr_0.5-TiO₃ ceramics sample. In the frequencies from 10^-3Hz to 10⁴Hz, complex
dielectric constants were obtained. The result of time domain measurement indicates that slow dielectric constant is very large than fast dielectric constant.
The experiment shows that under the action of sinusoidal voltage, current flowing through the sample is mainly caused by the motion of slow polarization effect
that do not obey RLC circuit equation. Therefore, the physical meaning of complex dielectric constant turns to be a complex problem worthy of further discussion.

BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Sm₂O₃(the additive contents were 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007 mol respectively) were prepared by the sol-gel method.
The effects of Sm₂O₃ doping on the structure and electric characteristics of BaTiO_3 ceramics were studied. The results showed that the structure of the
crystal was tetragonal, and with the increasing of Sm₂O₃ content, the grain size became smaller, which illustrated that Sm₂O₃ doping could prohibit
the growing of the grain. The resistivity of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Sm₂O₃ decreased obviously, when Sm₂O₃ content was 0.001mol, the resistivity was
the smallest, which changed from 4.3×10⁹Ω·m to 6.536×10³Ω·m. The grain resistance of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Sm₂O₃ exhibited NTC,
but the grain boundary resistance showed PTC, and the grain boundary resistance was larger than the grain resistance, so the PTC effect originated from the grain boundary.

Using fine powders of lithium aluminate synthesized by the solid-state reaction as the starting materials,
porous thin-wall tubelike specimens were fabricated by the improved hot pressure casting method. This process was studied from the following aspects
such as the mechanism of tritium release, calcine temperature, particle size, modifying agent and the process of sintering. Compared with conventional
sintering, much finer grain, increased compressive strength and more homogeneous microstructure could be achieved in microwave processing, due to
decreased sintering temperature and an enhanced densification rate, and such values were very suitable for the tritium breeding materials.

This paper introduces a novel process for the microfabrication of Si₃N₄ ceramic microcomponents, which mainly consists of pre-sintering of Si powder
compacts, micromachining of pre-sintered Si performs and reaction sintering of the micromachined Si performs. The present process has its high potential for
Si₃N₄ 3-dimensional microfabrication because it combines the machinablity of pre-sintered Si powder compacts and near-net shaping characteristic of Si₃N₄
reaction sintering. Using this process, we fabricated a reaction-sintered Si₃N₄ ceramic micro-turbine rotor that has a 5mm diameter, 1.2mm thickness, and whose blades are as thin as 70μm.

Ti metallized coating was prepared on AIN surface by the molten salt reaction method. The graded composite of TiN and AIN was observed near the interface between the coating and AIN. The result shows that the coating has the TiO/TiO_1-x/TiN laminar microstructure. The wettability of AIN surface with Al is improved by metallization and the contact angle is decreased from 114.4° to 49.7° at 1000℃.

The effects of additives to Si₃N₄ matrix layers on microstructure and properties of laminated
Si₃N₄/BN ceramics were studied. Laminated Si₃N₄/BN ceramics with La₂O₃-Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (denoted as C), Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (denoted as B), MgO-Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃
(denoted as A) added as sintering aids to the Si3N4 matrix layers were prepared and tested separately. The results obtained show that WOF
(work of fracture) of sample C is 3100J/m², which is higher than that of 2100 and 1600J/m^2 of sample A and B. Bending strength of sample C is 610MPa, which is lower than
that of 700 and 620MPa of sample A and B. In sample C, crack deflection and propagation occur, which result in high-energy absorption and high
toughness. And in sample C, elongated β-Si3N4 grains grow very well, which is caused by the addition of La₂O₃.

A microporous and mesoporous bimodel molecular sieve was made from commercial ZSM-5 through heat treatment routine. The structure of the
bimodel molecular sieve is strongly dependent on the treatment conditions (temperature and time). The sample treated at 1000℃ for 2h
has the highest mesopore phase, and the contribution of the mesopore phase to the BET surface area is comparable to the contribution of the micropore phase. The bimodel molecular sieve has narrow mesopore pore diameter
distribution and high crystallinity.

Mesoporous silica with different morphologies was synthesized in a base medium. The effects of factors such as pH, reaction temperature, concentration of CTAB and EtOH on morphologies of mesoporous silica were studied by means of TEM and XRD. The silica particles with 30-50nm in diameter and well-ordered were synthesized.

The water droplets in the microemulsion system of water/cyclohexane/hexyl alcohol/Triton-100 can
be seen as the naono reactors which solubilize zirconium oxychloride and ammonia separately. The precipitation reactions will take place in the
confined spaces determined by the droplets size. The minute original reactors help us obtain ultrafine spherical zirconia powder with
uniform diameter distribution and good calcination activity. A variety of synthesis parameters for the preparation process were investigated.
The results show that the concentration of zirconium oxychloride, molar ratio of water to surfactant (W) and calcination temperature are the
predominant factors to determine powder’s performance.

KAl(OH)₂CO₃ powder was prepared by a hydrothermal method using Al(OH)₃ and KHCO₃ as the starting material.
The influence of the composition of the starting material, reaction temperature, acidity of the reaction medium and reaction time on the formation, morphology
and particle size of KAl(OH)₂CO₃ powder was systematically investigated. The research results show that fibrous particles will be obtained at most
conditions. The length and diameter of particles increase with the ratio of Al(OH)₃ to KHCO₃ or the reaction temperature increasing. The
morphology and particle size of the products are significantly affected by the acidity of the reaction system, and pH=9.5 is optimal for the preparation
of the KAl(OH)₂CO₃ powder with minimal diameter and the best uniformity.

By means of heating, the pre-crack healing of mica glass ceramics was studied. The results show that there are three stages in the process of crack healing,
including crack surface concave shape and crack tip blunting, crack disintegrating and sphericizing to void and void healing. On the condition that there is no material
commutation with outside, healing of internal crack and hurt of material depends on the move of internal material and the change of structure. Crack-healing of
the series’ glass ceramics is primarily influenced by healing temperature.

Nanocrystalline titania powders in the rutile phase were prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method
using TiCl₄ and TiCl₃ as starting materials. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron
microscope (TEM) analysis and BET surface area measurement. The solution concentration and the added amount of Ti³⁺ determined the properties
of the obtained TiO₂ powders. The photocatalytic activity of the powder was also studied by using the degradation of phenol in water as a test reaction.
It shows higher photocatalytic activity both in degradation rate and in degradation efficiency, probably due to the ultrafine particle size,
higher specific surface areas and more active surface groups for physicochemical adsorption.

Al₂O₃/5vol%W and Al₂O₃/10vol%W nanocomposite powders, with mean particle size less than 50nm, were prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation
process using Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and (NH₄)₂CO₃ solutions as raw materials and tungsten nanometer powders as additives in different ratios. α-Al₂O₃/W
nanocomposite was obtained by calcining Al(OH)₃/W dried gel at 1000℃ for 1h in vacuum. Adding tungsten nanometer powders can reduce the phase transformation
temperature to alpha alumina. The composite powder is simply mechanically mixed together, alumina coating is on the surfaces of nanometer tungsten powder.

The preparation for depositing Pt on TiO₂ nanotubes was investigated. XPS and HRTEM measurements showed that, firstly, the nanosize Pt particles deposited on powdered TiO₂ consisted of PtO₂ and Pt(OH)₂, then, in the course of TiO₂ nanotube formation the Pt nanopar-ticles were well-distributed on the external surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The results indicate that TiO₂ nanotubes may be a candidate for Pt-catalyst carrier materials.

The chemical oxidation in a mixture of concentrated acids was used to modify carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After treatment, stable homogeneous dispersions of CNTs
were prepared. It was found by FTIR that the improvement of dispersibility should be due to the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups on the surface of modified CNTs.
ζ potential measurements showed that the ionization of acidic surface groups led to a higher density of negative charge. TEM indicated that the CNTs were less
twisted after treatment. The measurements of effective diameter and sediment percent further confirmed that the modified CNTs suspension had higher dispersibility and stability.

In this paper, the effects of seeding β-Si₃N₄ rod crystals prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis on the mechanical
properties of silicon nitride ceramic were investigated. The experimental results showed that with the increase of β-Si₃N₄ rod crystals
content, the fracture toughness increases, while the flexile strength decreases. The fracture toughness can increase from 4.0MPa·m^1/2
to 6.7MPa·m^1/2 when 8wt%β-Si₃N₄ rod crystal was added compared with that without seeding. The improvement of fracture
toughness results from the grain pullout and bridging, branching of elongated grains.

Using photolithographing and electroplating techniques, CoNiMnP permanent film arrays were
designed and fabricated. The microstructure, material composition and magnetic performances of the deposited film arrays were tested and analyzed.
The eletroplated permanent film arrays contain 2000 magnets of 50μm×50μm in a cubic shape on the silicon substrate of 5mm×5mm×0.2mm. The results show that high magnetic performances CoNiMnP
permanent film arrays with vertical anisotropy can be fabricated with current density less than 10mA/cm² at room temperature. The deposited
film array compositions are as follows: Co90.32wt%, Ni 8.73wt%,Mn 0.74wt%, P1.11wt%. The vertical direction magnetic parameters are H_c=59.7kA/m,
B_r=0.53T, (BH)_max=11.3kJ/m³, while H_c=27.8kA/m, B_r=0.42T, (BH)_max=3.2kJ/m³ in the lateral direction.

With adding of nano-ZnO, nano ZrO₂(8Y) powder was used as raw materials for pressureless sintering at 1200℃. The results show that a small addition
of nano-ZnO accelerates the reaction between Y₂O₃ and ZrO₂ in ZrO₂(8Y). The ZrO_2(8Y)ceramic without nano-ZnO exhibits predominant tetragonal phase
with a small percentage of monoclinic, but the samples doped with nano-ZnO(0.5%～2.0% in mass)show a purely cubic phase. The densification and the conductivity of the
ceramic doped with nano-ZnO increase significantly.The densification of 94% and the conductivity of 9.02×10^-3cm^-1·Ω^-1 at 700℃ were
observed for the sintered body doped with 0.5wt% nano-ZnO.