As host materials for use in Er-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA) and Tm-doped fiber am-plifier(TDFA), tellurite glasses have played an important role in active optical fiber for broadband amplification. This paper summarizes the process of study on composition, structure, thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of tellurite glasses, and discusses their development prospects.

From the transporting course of light in polycrystalline ceramics, this paper analyzed many factors that affect the transparence of ceramics, art requirements of making transparent ceramics and the fundamental characteristics of transparent ceramics products. On the theory basis, progress of research on several typical non-oxide transparent ceramics such as A1N, A1ON and Sialon were introduced.

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have novel properties and prospects of application for their special structure. In this paper, structure and properties of CNTs were summarized shortly. Relatively detailed review was given on preparation, characterization and applications of CNTs in electronic field.

Varying contents of ZrF₄ were incorporated into the fluoroaluminate base-glass having a composition of 10MgF₂-
20CaF₂-10SrF₂-BaF₂-15YF₃-35AlF₃(molar percent), contents of other components being adjusted properly, fluoride glasses having no visible
crystallization were obtained, these glasses can reach to 8mm thick. The content influences of ZrF₄ on the ability to form glass and kinetics of
crystallization were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique. The results indicate that a small amount of ZrF₄ will improve
the anti-devitrification ability of glasses, but too much ZrF₄ maybe depress the ability to form glass. The best content range of ZrF₄ is from
7.3% to 11.4%. Moreover, the measured infrared transmitting spectra prove that these glasses have good optical property of infrared transmitting.

60P₂O₅·6Al₂O₃·(33-x)BaO·xBaF₂·1Yb₂O₃(x=0,3,6,9) and 60P₂O₅·6Al₂O₃·27BaO·6MF₂·1Yb₂O₃(M=Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba) glasses were prepared. The influence of bivalent fluoride MF₂(M=Mg,
Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba) on physical properties (such as refractive index, infrared spectra, density etc.) and thermal stability of phosphate glasses were investigated,
as well as influence on glass structure through analysis of their UV and IR spectra. In addition, the absorption and fluorescent properties of Yb³⁺ ions were measured.
The optical parameters (such as integrated absorption cross section and stimulated emission cross section, radiative lifetime etc.) of Yb³⁺ ions in samples were
calculated. The effect of bivalent fluoride MF₂(M=Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba) on the integrated absorption cross section and stimulated emission cross section of ytterbium
phosphate glasses were discussed. The results obtained show that [PO₄] network structure does not change significantly when bivalent fluorides are introduced as glass modifiers
into phosphate glasses, while emission cross section, spontaneous emission probabilities and TWHM(Fluorescence wavelength at half maximum) of ytterbium phosphate glasses are increased.

The crystallization process and microwave dielectric properties of MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ system glass-ceramics were studied by means of DTA, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the parent glass has already been two-phase separated before nucleation
and crystallization. The droplet phase is rich in Ti⁴⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, and the matrix phase is rich in Si⁴⁺ and Al³⁺. During heat-treatment of
the glass, rutile nucleates in the droplet phase at about 800℃ and perrierite appears at 900℃. At 1100℃, α-cordierite precipitates from the matrix phase. With increasing the heat-treatment temperatures,
the crystallized volume fraction of the glass increases, which leads to the increase of the microwave dielectric constant (ε_r) and the decrease of
the microwave loss (tgδ). However, at temperatures higher than 1100℃, ε_r decreases because of the precipitation of large amount of
α-cordierite. At the same time, tgδ increases slightly because of the coarse structure of the crystals. The glass-ceramics obtained by crystallization
of the glass have dielectric constant of 8～11, and microwave loss less than 6×10^-4.

The corrosion mechanism of a dental glass-ceramic: fluorcanasite by oral fluid and the corrosion-resistant ability of different sol-gel derived coatings on the
glass-ceramic were investigated in vitro using SEM/EDAX, ICP and FTIR techniques. The results obtained show that the corrosion of the glass-ceramic by the oral
fluid comes of a rapid ion exchange between H₃O⁺ in the solution and Na⁺(K⁺) in the surface layer of the glass-ceramic, which results in a loose SiO₂-rich
layer on the glass-ceramic. Part of SiO₂ component dissolves into the solution in the form of Si(OH)₄ because Si-O-Si network of SiO₂-rich layer is broken
by attack of H₂O. A lot of surface defects are formed on the surface due to the corrosion of water, which decrease the strength and service life of the glass-ceramic
in an oral environment. The final reaction product on surface of the glass-ceramic is hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA). Sol-gel derived Al₂O₃ coating has a
significant ability to enhance the chemical durability of the dental glass-ceramic.

Artificial neural network was introduced into slag glass-ceramic material designing. A 3 layers feedforward network was built with a new robust learning algorithm,
based on a concept of “entire error modifying”. The network has a excellent learning ability when its topology is M-2M-1 and
an appropriate study error chosen. The research results show that this slag glass-ceramic neural network is robust, quick and stable in training
and data predicting, which can disclose the relationship of elemental compositions, structure and material properties of slag glass-ceramic
effectively, even if some parameters are absent in samples.

With the raw material coming from Chifeng, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Cu bearing montmorillonite
(Cu-MMT) was synthesized through cation exchange reaction. XRD analysis shows that, (001) basal spacing of montmorillonite expends from 1.544 nm to
1.588 nm after cation exchange. This indicates that Cu²⁺ enters interlayer position of montmorillonite as hydrated cation or composite cation.
Through antibacterial experiment, it is found that Cu-MMT has strong antibacterial ability on E. coli and S. faecalis. Minimal
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and killing concentration are 10 and 50 ppm respectively. The antibacterial ability of Cu-MMT is much better than that of
Cu-carrying zeolite. Taking the up-to-date characterization on Cu-MMT and Cu-zeolite into account, it is clear that Cu-zeolite retains electric
neutrality after cation exchange. Its antibacterial capacity relies on the amount of Cu²⁺ released into medium. On the other hand, Cu-MMT has
residual positive charge after cation exchange. Its antibacterial ability results from two aspects, one is electrostatic attraction which makes large
amount of bacterium being adhered on montmorillonite surface, the other is the same as Cu-zeolite, i.e., Cu²⁺ slowly released into medium which can kill
bacterium. The former aspect is the main reason that Cu-MMT has better antibacterial ability than Cu-zeolite.

Nano SiC particles in cubic structure were commercially available. The average diameter was about 120nm.
A heterogeneous precipitation process was regulated under 100℃. Nano Cu crystallites were attained based on cementation reaction. The coating of Cu on SiC was characterized by several
analysis methods to assess the coating quality as well as the phase distribution between Cu and SiC. Rough surface of the adherent nano Cu
crystallites is formed on the coated composite particles. A surface layer composed of Cu₂O entrapped outside the coated composite particles. It
is the spontaneous oxidation of the nano Cu crystallites that leads to the existence of Cu₂O.

Radar wave absorbing material (RAM) SiC(N)/LAS was prepared from nano SiC(N) absorber and LAS glass powder. The effect of nano SiC(N) absorber contents,
hot-pressing temperatures, and the carbon-rich layer at the absorber/matrix interface on microwave permittivity and microwave absorbing ability of the RAM
were studied. The results show that increasing the hot-pressing temperature over 1080℃ remarkably increases the RAM’s permittivity while the densities
of the RAM keep nearly the same. A great difference between the measured and expected permittivity exists. The discrepancy of permittivity is related to the
carbon-rich layer at the absorber/matrix interface that has a high permittivity. The activity and high specific surface of the nanometer SiC(N) facilitate the
interface formation and intensify the RAM’s wave absorbing ability.

Nanocrystalline (Pb_0.9-xLa_0.1Ca_x)Ti_0.975O₃ (PLCT) powders were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The average grain size of the powders is
from 20 to 40nm. The structure of the PLCT powders was investigated by using Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction analyses. The experimental results show that
low frequency phonon mode of PLCT (100x) Raman spectrum is attributed to the deviation of Ca²⁺ and La³⁺ in A location of the perovskite structure;
and high frequency phonon mode is attributed to the deformation of TiO₆ octahedron, which is resulted by the deviation of the atoms in TiO₆ octahedron from ideal position.

The effects of manganese addition on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of 0.2PZN-0.8PZT(PZNT) ceramics were investigated. The results reveal that the lattice
structures of the piezoelectric materials are transformed from the tetragonal phase to the rhombohedral, the grain sizes are enhanced and their Curie temperatures
are lowered with the increasing of manganese. On the other hand, the piezoelectric materials become more hard, ε₃₃^T/ε₀ and tanδ
decreasing but Q_m improving with the additions of manganese. Moreover, the high densification assures K_p out of decreasing.

Multilayer thin-films Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ precursors (TiO₂, BaCO₃, SrCO₃) were deposited on Si (100) substrate by Ar⁺ ion beam sputtering
layer by layer sequentially. The as-deposited films were post-annealed via two steps: diffusion at lower temperature and crystallization at higher temperature,
in order to convert the multiplayer precursors into final phase of Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃. Auger Electronic Spectrum (AES) concentration depth profiles were used to study
the films’ diffusion through sequential precursor layers heat-treated at different temperatures, for varied holding time, and in the changed order of layer deposition.
The results showed that both a long period of low-temperature and a short term of middle-temperature annealing were useful for the proper diffusion of the multiplayer
precursors, and uniformly distributed compositions. The resultant Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ conld be crystallized at 900℃ from the fully annealed precursors.

The effects of Bi₂O₃-V₂O₅ on sinterability and magnetic properties were investigated. The results show that, the addition of Bi₂O₃-V₂O₅
can accelerate the grains growing. The morphology of the sample’s section shows large grains increasing in direct ratio with amount of the addition. XRD patterns
confirm that a small amount of unknown phases appear and the grain boundary becomes more thick with an increace of the amount of the additive. But, this addition of
sintering aids can lower the sintering temperature to less than 875℃, and shorten soaking time to 30min for Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite. The permeability of the
ferrite added 1wt% the sintering aids can reach to 195 at 10MHz.

The characteristics of porous structure of expanded graphite(EG) were studied by using mercury
porosimetry and image analysis. Mercury porosimetry may be used to measure the porous structure parameters of the pores under the micrometer
quantitative level, and the pores over micrometer quantitative level were studied by image analysis. The processing parameters have an
important influence on the porous structure of EG, the more electricity consumption used, the larger pore size and the broader distribution of the
pore size; on the other hand, the higher expanding temperature, the larger pore size and the broader distribution of the pore size.

Patterned and well-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on quartz glass with notches or sputtered Au film.
Ferrocene was used to produce Fe catalyst particles, and xylene was selected as the hydrocarbon source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) examinations show that the arrays are in ordered patterns, in which the CNTs are muti-walled CNTs in good alignment with diameter about 20～50 nm.
The influences of substrate materials on the aligned CNTs were analyzed, and the formation mechanism of patterned arrays was discussed. Patterned CNT arrays
have potential applications in many fields such as, flat panel displays, micro-electronic devices, nanocomposites, etc.

The microstructure of high-temperature xCaO-(1-x)Al₂O₃ melts was studied by the molecular
dynamics simulation. By comparing the positions of first peaks of partial radial distribution functions between Al and O, Ca and O, O and O, and the
coordination numbers of Al and Ca with the corresponding experimental data of X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering, which agree very well with each
other, the simulation is proved very successful. Based on the verification, it was found that Al playes the roll of network former in the calcium
aluminate melt. That’s to say, the average coordination number of Al is 4 and tetrahedron is the main structural unit in calcium aluminate just as
the action of Si in silicate melts. In the meantime, the distribution of 5 kinds of tetrahedrons Q_i was counted and then the regulation of the
changing microstructure of calcium aluminate melt following with the composition was analyzed. With the analysis of the number of next nearest
neighbor around the centering atom Al and the examination of the snapshot, 3-coordinated oxygen and charge-balanced bridging oxygen
were found to be the explanations of the phenomena of redundant charge and location of the cation Ca²⁺.

AlN/borosilicate glass composites were prepared by hot-press sintering at low temperatures between 850℃ and 1000℃. The microstructures of
the composites were observed by SEM and TEM, and phases analyzed by XRD. The influences of glass content and phase distribution in the composites on their
thermal conductivities were investigated. The results show that the decrease in glass phase content will lead to the increase of thermal conductivities. When the
glass content is 50wt%, the thermal conductivity(λ) of the composite will increase with the increase of temperature. With 30wt% glass, λ decreasing with
the increase of temperature, the composite displays crystal characters.

Studies on carbon-doping activated sintering of B₄C powders with a specific surface area of
2.53m²/g obtained by jet milling were carried out. The effects of carbon-doping agent, carbon-doping content, and specific surface area
on B₄C sintering density were also studied. The results show that carbon-doping promotes greatly the densification of B₄C. Among three
carbon-doping agents such as black carbon, glucose, and phenolic resin, the addition of phenolic resin makes B₄C reach a highest sintering
density, with an optimum carbon-doping content of 3%～5%C. The relative density of B₄C is 92.1%TD when sintered at 2200℃ for 1h, and 94.4%TD at 2250℃. If the vibratory milled B₄C powders with a specific surface area of 8.30m²/g are used, the density of B₄C sintered at 2200℃ increases to 95.6%TD.

Continuous fibers reinforced ceramic composites are attractive for application as high temperature structural materials. 3D alumina-mullite ceramic matrix
composite reinforced by C fibers was manufactured by PIP and CVI. C fiber preform with 0.2μm C interface layer was dipped in aluminium nitrate saturation sol
for 2h, dried in an autoclave and subsequently heat treated at 900℃. After seven cycles, the specimen was heated to 1100℃ in Ar to convert
the amorphous alumina to γ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃. Then 10h CVI was performed to infiltrate the silica into the specimen. Subsequently 10h
CVD was performed to manufacture the oxidation resistance coating. After CVI and CVD, the specimen was heated to 1400℃ for 2h in Ar to get C_f/A-M
composite. XRD shows the matrix contains 53wt% alumina and 47wt% mullite. The density and relative density of the as-received composite are 1.96g·cm^-3 and 95%
respectively. 3-points bend strength and fracture strain of C_f/A-M composite at room temperature are 245MPa and 0.9～1.0% respectively. The strength retention
is 70% when the composite was heated at 1200℃ for 50h in air, which indicates the silica coating is very effective in preventing O₂ from entering
the composite. The fracture surface of the composite shows a considerable fibers pull-out, which indicates there exists a weak fiber-matrix interface that can
provide high damage tolerance to the composite. This result indicates the C interface is very usable.

The AEO₉/alcohol/alkane/water system, which has excellent water-dissolving characteristics, was chosen for the preparation of ceramic inks. In this paper,
different kinds and amounts of alcohols were used to investigate the effects on microemulsion region in the quasi-ternary phase diagram of the system. The
microemulsion region was determined and the conditions for the maximum water-dissolving were given. Water for the optimized system of AEO₉/alcohol/alkane/water was
replaced by zirconium oxychloride solution and ammonia solution respectively and two clear reverse microemulsions were obtained. Then the ceramic inks were
readily prepared by reaction after mixing them homogeneously. The properties of the inks, such as viscosity, surface tension, conductivity, stability etc. were
systematically determined and analyzed. The match between ink and printer was discussed based on the demands of ink-jet printer available.

Continuing last paper, DSC results show that the exothermic and endothemic peaks could be attributed the formation of solid solution, lattice distortion or disintegration,
melting, sintering and interface chemical reactions. Conductibility measurements prove these binary oxides are N-type semiconductors, their resistance
decrease in o-dimethylbenzene atmosphere, i. e., they are sensitive to this vapor, and all the sensitivities depend linearly on the vapor
concentration during the initial stage of chemical adsorption. Catalysis tests show V₂O₅-MoO₃ and WO₃-MoO₃ are all catalytically
active in the selective oxidation of o-dimethylbenzene to phthalic anhydride. Conversion and selectivity measurements indicate that non-crystalline
dispersed MoO₃ and V₂O₅ are obviously advantageous to the catalytic reaction, and selectivity is at its best when catalyst composition is
close to the dispersed threshold value. In order to explain satisfactorily the relation of great dispersed threshold values with small specific area,
the meta-monolayer dispersion model was suggested: each component oxide should be dispersed on other’s surface with the unit of spherical octahedron MeO₆
close-packed with each other by sharing O atoms to form a two-dimensional monolayer, and limited numbers of such monolayers are stacked up to form the
meta-monolayer dispersed interfacial transition layer of a binary oxide. Seven parameters of the meta-monolayer model were calculated and listed:average mono-
layer number (n_L=1.6～8.5 layers), thickness per monolayer (t_L=0.678～0.718nm), stacking-up thickness of each component oxide (t_p=1.10～5.81nm), total thickness of interfacial transition layer
(t_I=5.43～8.78nm), octahedron radius (r₀=0.199～0.219nm), close packed-monolayer capacity (C=0.088～0.264g/100m²) and dispersed threshold value (Dt=0.33～1.43g/100m²). By discussing the relation
of meta-monolayer dispersion with non-crystalline phase, the mechanism of crystalline phase loss, the non-crystalline structure and the
thermal meta-stability of interfacial transition layer of binary oxide catalyst were described, respectively.

Computer simulation is an important tool for fuel cell designs. Based on the fuel cell electrochemistry and thermal analysis, a 2D modeling software for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was created. The software can evaluate quantities such as temperature distribution, current density profile, output power, etc. As a case study, the model was used to analyze the operating characteristics of fuel cells of different gas flow patterns, providing useful information for the fuel cell designs by revealing their merits and shortcomings.

he heat-transfer process and temperature distribution of a single heat resource furnace (Acheson furnace) and a multi-heat resource furnace were studied by using
the finite element method and ANSYS numerical simulation software. The simulated figures of heat transfer and temperature distribution were achieved. The regulations
of heat transfer and temperature distribution in the two furnaces were contrasted and analysed and these influences on SiC yield rate and energy wear were analysed.
The simulation and industrial application results show that the multi-heat resource furnace has many advantages such as saving energy, heightening quality, increasing
yield and it is more safety than the single heat resource furnace. The multi-heat resource furnace is also easy to be magnified.

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the mechanochemical processing. XRD patterns indicate all products are
single ZnO phase while ZnSO₄/NaOH(mol ratio)is in the range from 1/2.1 to 1/3.0, and ZnO yield will obtain the maximum when ZnSO₄/NaOH(mol ratio) is 1/2.5. TEM micrographs show the particle size of ZnO is about 40～80nm.
The heat released by the solid-solid reaction of ZnSO_4 and NaOH makes the product of Zn(OH)₂ tramsform directly to ZnO particles. The optical
absorptivity of ultraviolet (200～400nm) for nanometer ZnO is much better than that of normal ZnO powders.

MCM-41 material assembled with bimetallic cobalt and nickel oxides was synthesized under basic condition. The samples were characterized by XRD, HREM and BET techniques.
Results showed that CoO and NiO bimetallic oxide can be introduced into the ordered pores of MCM-41 successfully. Odered structure of mesoporous materials wasn’t
destroyed when loading contents of CoO and NiO were 7.53wt% and 5.94wt%, respectively. It is expected that highly dispersed CoO and NiO in the pore channels
of well-ordered MCM-41 structure are very potential for advanced catalytic application.

Mo-doped titania excited by a 978nm diode laser exhibits a visible broadband emission which can be controlled by high-temperature chemical redox. The
luminescence has been assigned to the transitions from the excited states ³T₁, ³T₂ to the ground state ¹A₁ of the [MoO₄]^2- radicle. FTIR spectrum
confirms the presence of the [MoO₄]^2- complexes, while XPS measurement suggests the concurrent existence of lower valent Mo species. The intermediate states
available for upconversion are supposed to be related to the lower valent Mo species through which the external chemical redox modifies the luminescence.

Nanometer BaTiO₃ was prepared by a sol-gel method,Ni/BaTiO₃ catalyst with nanometer BaTiO₃ as support was prepared by an impregnation method, and it
was applied to the reaction of CO₂ reforming CH₄ to syngas. Under optimum parameters for preparation such as water volume for hydrolysis of 10mL, pH=4～5,
gel temperature 343K, calcination at 973K, BaTiO₃ ultrafine powders with spherical particles of 25～60nm in diameter were prepared. The Ni/BaTiO₃ catalyst makes
the conversion of CH₄ and CO₂ reach as high as 94.4% and 93.3% respectively under the reaction conditions:temperature,1073K; the GHSV, 12000mL/(h·g·cat).

A new method for producing high purity SiC whiskers at low cost was introduced. Using the technique of electric field catalysis, SiC whiskers with the diameter of 100~200nm and length of 5-50μm were synthesized at 1200-1400℃. The results indicate that SiC whiskers with high purity and content can be synthesized by the reduction of SiO₂ with C in an electric field furnace.

Transparent TiO₂ thin film and Fe₂O₃/ TiO₂ and ZnO/ TiO₂ thin films were prepared by sol-gel methods on the soda lime glass substrates. The
results of AFM show that the addition of Fe and Zn ions can suppress the grain growth of TiO₂ thin films. The changes of the hydrophilicity of the films
under the UV illumination were investigated. The pure TiO₂ thin film can be entirely wetted by water after UV illumination for 5h and shows good hydrophilicity.
The hydrophilicity of TiO₂ thin films increases with increase in Fe/Zn ions doped. The photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ films in photodegradation of methylene
orange solution decrease with increase in Fe ions doped but increase with increase in small amount of Zn ions doped.

Ti₃SiC₂ material with high purity and density was fabricated by the spark plasma sintering with the addition of aluminium. The proper addition of Al accelerates the synthesis reaction and the crystal growth of Ti₃SiC₂, and increases the purity of synthesized samples. At the heating rate of 80℃/min and under the pressure of SOMPa, the ideal synthesis temperature ranges from 1150℃ to 1250℃. Ti₃SiC₂ obtained is in plane-shape with the size of 5-25μm.