Growth and Characterization of Large-size InSe Crystal from Non-stoichiometric Solution via a Zone Melting Method

doi:10.15541/jim20230524

Abstract

Abstract:

Indium selenide (InSe) is a III-VI group semiconductor with interesting physical properties and has wide potential applications in the fields of photovoltaics, optics, thermoelectrics, and so on. However, the production of large-size InSe crystal is difficult due to the inconsistent melting of In and Se elements and peritectic reactions between InSe, In₆Se₇and In₄Se₃ phases. In this work, a zone melting method, which has advantages of low cost and solid-liquid interface optimization, is employed for InSe crystal preparation. Because the initial mole ratio of In to Se is of great importance to InSe crystal growth, the non-stoichiometric In_0.52Se_0.48 solution was precisely used for growth based on the peritectic reaction of In-Se system, resulting in a InSe crystal productivity ratio at about 83%. An ingot with dimensions ϕ27 mm×130 mm is obtained with a typical slab-like InSe crystal in the size of ϕ27 mm×50 mm. The successfully peeled cleavage plane exhibits the good single-crystalline character as only (00l) peaks are detected in the X-ray diffraction pattern. This crystal has a hexagonal structure, and its elements are distributed uniformly in the matrix with transmittance of ~55.1% at 1800 nm wavelength, band gap energy of about 1.22 eV, a maximum electrical conductivity (σ) of about 1.55×10² S·m^-1 along the (001) direction, and a lowest thermal conductivity (κ) of about 0.48 W·m^-1·K^-1perpendicular to the (001) direction at 800 K. These results imply that the zone melting method is indeed an effective approach for fabricating large-size InSe crystal, which could be applied for various fields. Above measured electrical and thermal behaviors are expected to provide a significant reference for InSe crystal application in the future.

Key words: InSe crystal, zone melting method, non-stoichiometric, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity

CLC Number:

TQ174

JIN Min, MA Yupeng, WEI Tianran, LIN Siqi, BAI Xudong, SHI Xun, LIU Xuechao. Growth and Characterization of Large-size InSe Crystal from Non-stoichiometric Solution via a Zone Melting Method[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(5): 554-560.

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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Author	Year	Country	Method	n(In) : n(Se)	Crystal size	Ref.
Damon R W et al.	1954	USA	Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ10 mm×20 mm	[28]
Andriyashik M V et al.	1968	Ukraine	Czochralski	1 : 1	ϕ20 mm×(40-50) mm	[29]
Chevy A et al.	1977	France	Vertical Bridgman	0.56 : 0.44	ϕ14 mm×30 mm	[30]
Chevy A et al.	1978	France	Czochralski	0.56 : 0.44	1 mm×25 mm×65 mm	[13]
Chevy A	1981	France	Chemical transport	1 : 1	0.3 mm×0.3 mm×0.1 mm	[31]
Imai K et al.	1981	Japan	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm×50 mm	[21]
Blasi C D et al.	1982	Italy	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm	[32]
Chevy A	1984	France	Modified Bridgman	0.56 : 0.44	ϕ10 mm	[33]
Tribloulet R et al.	1986	France	Travelling heater	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ15 mm×60 mm	[34]
Ishii T	1988	Japan	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm	[27]
Gurbulak B	1999	Turkey	Freezing method	1 : 1	ϕ12 mm×60 mm	[35]
Icelli O et al.	2004	Turkey	Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ12 mm×60 mm	[36]
Gurbulak B et al.	2014	Turkey	Bridgman-Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ10 mm×60 mm	[37]
Wei T R et al.	2020	China	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ25 mm×75 mm	[10]
Zhang B et al.	2021	China	Vertical Bridgman	1 : 1	ϕ14 mm×40 mm	[16]
Shi H et al.	2021	China	Vertical Bridgman	1 : 1	ϕ12.7 mm×12 mm	[24]
Jin M et al.	2023	China	Zone melting method	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ27 mm×130 mm	This work

Author	Year	Country	Method	n(In) : n(Se)	Crystal size	Ref.
Damon R W et al.	1954	USA	Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ10 mm×20 mm	[28]
Andriyashik M V et al.	1968	Ukraine	Czochralski	1 : 1	ϕ20 mm×(40-50) mm	[29]
Chevy A et al.	1977	France	Vertical Bridgman	0.56 : 0.44	ϕ14 mm×30 mm	[30]
Chevy A et al.	1978	France	Czochralski	0.56 : 0.44	1 mm×25 mm×65 mm	[13]
Chevy A	1981	France	Chemical transport	1 : 1	0.3 mm×0.3 mm×0.1 mm	[31]
Imai K et al.	1981	Japan	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm×50 mm	[21]
Blasi C D et al.	1982	Italy	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm	[32]
Chevy A	1984	France	Modified Bridgman	0.56 : 0.44	ϕ10 mm	[33]
Tribloulet R et al.	1986	France	Travelling heater	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ15 mm×60 mm	[34]
Ishii T	1988	Japan	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ10 mm	[27]
Gurbulak B	1999	Turkey	Freezing method	1 : 1	ϕ12 mm×60 mm	[35]
Icelli O et al.	2004	Turkey	Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ12 mm×60 mm	[36]
Gurbulak B et al.	2014	Turkey	Bridgman-Stockbarger	1 : 1	ϕ10 mm×60 mm	[37]
Wei T R et al.	2020	China	Vertical Bridgman	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ25 mm×75 mm	[10]
Zhang B et al.	2021	China	Vertical Bridgman	1 : 1	ϕ14 mm×40 mm	[16]
Shi H et al.	2021	China	Vertical Bridgman	1 : 1	ϕ12.7 mm×12 mm	[24]
Jin M et al.	2023	China	Zone melting method	0.52 : 0.48	ϕ27 mm×130 mm	This work