Textured PT-based Piezoelectric Ceramics: Development, Status and Challenge

doi:10.15541/jim20240533

Abstract

Abstract:

Piezoelectric materials, which serve as converters between mechanical energy and electric energy, are important functional materials. Recently, the technology for textured piezoelectric ceramics has become an important technical approach for developing the next generation of high-performance piezoelectric materials. By tailoring grain orientation, textured piezoelectric ceramics exhibit properties akin to single crystals, exhibiting enhanced piezoelectric and electromechanical properties, as well as improved thermal stability. Furthermore, as polycrystalline ceramics, textured ceramics inherit the advantages of traditional ceramic materials, including ease of fabrication, favorable mechanical properties, and suitability of special-shape and syntype. This paper provides a brief introduction to texturing technique, development of perovskite templates for textured ceramics, and research results related to lead titanate (PbTiO₃, PT) based textured piezoelectric ceramics. It systemizes the development and status of the piezoelectric textured ceramics while summarizing their technical advantages. Additionally, the existing scientific problems and future challenges of PT-based textured piezoelectric ceramics are analyzed, focusing on the suitability of templates and matrix via theoretical prediction, the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties of textured ceramics, and piezoelectric devices based on textured piezoelectric ceramics. By reviewing the PT-based textured piezoelectric ceramics, this paper aims to provide an in-depth introduction to texturing techniques and theories, seeks to enhance understanding of textured piezoelectric ceramics, and promotes the development of high- performance piezoelectric materials. This work is expected to benefit the breakthrough innovation and leap forward development of next generation high-end piezoelectric devices.

Key words: textured ceramic, lead-based piezoelectric material, templated grain growth method, micro-platelet template, review

CLC Number:

O482

WU Jie, YANG Shuai, WANG Mingwen, LI Jinglei, LI Chunchun, LI Fei. Textured PT-based Piezoelectric Ceramics: Development, Status and Challenge[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(6): 575-586.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1 Schematic micro-morphology of single crystal, random ceramic and textured ceramic

Fig. 2 Schematic of the TGG process[31]

Fig. 3 Crystal structures of some typical layer-perovskite materials

Fig. 4 Micro-morphologies of SrTiO3 platelets synthesized using (a) Sr3Ti2O7[40], (b) SrBi4Ti4O15[42] and (c) Bi4Ti3O12[43] precursors

Fig. 5 SEM images of (a) (011)-BT[47] and (b) (111)-BT[49] platelets

Fig. 6 Micro-morphologies of PT platelets synthesized via TMC using (a) PbO[50], (b) Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O[51] and (c) (PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2[52] as Pb sources

Fig. 7 SEM images of rod-shape BaTiO3 microcrystal converted from (a) BaTi2O5[53] and (b) TiO2[54]

Fig. 8 (a) Cross-sectional SEM image[60] and (b) XRD patterns[33] of PMN-PT textured ceramic

Fig. 9 Strain curves of single-crystal, untextured, and textured PMN-PT ceramics with different templates[62]

Fig. 10 Corrected [002]C pole figure measured from PMN-PT textured ceramic[63]

Fig. 11 (a) SEM image of PMN-PT templates and (b) XRD patterns of PMN-PT textured ceramics using PMN-PT templates[67]

Fig. 12 (a) XRD patterns and (b) texture degrees of PMN-PT textured ceramics as a function of BT concentration[69]

Table 1 Performance parameters of textured ternary PT-based ceramics[60,70 -71,73 -74,76]

Composition	Relative permittivity, ε_r	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)	Curie temperature, T_C/℃	Ref.
PMN-PZT	/	878 (d₃₃^*)	220	[60]
PMN-PZT	2310	1100	204	[70]
PIN-PMN-PT	/	780	225	[73]
PIN-PMN-PT	2415	841	210	[71]
PYN-PMN-PT	2110	1340 (d₃₃^*)	214	[74]
PZT-PZNN	2300	920 (d₃₃^*)	256	[76]

Fig. 13 Schematic of grain growth along single crystal template by liquid phase assistance[31]

Fig. 14 (a) XRD patterns and (b) unipolar strain curves of PYN-PMN-PT textured ceramics[31]

Fig. 15 Schematic illustration and experimental realization of PZT texturing process[91] (a) Schematic illustration of the proposed texturing process with the color of PZT matrix indicating composition; (b, c) Cross-sectional SEM images for samples with average Zr : Ti ratio of 55 : 45 sintered at different temperatures, where (b) is an enlarged image of the layer with 3% (in volume) BZT templates in (c); (d) SEM-EDS images of Zr element, where the sample is the same as that in (c)

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