无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 270-279.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220356 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20220356
林思琪1,2,3(
), 李艾燃4, 付晨光4, 李荣斌1, 金敏1,3(
)
收稿日期:2022-06-24
修回日期:2022-08-09
出版日期:2023-03-20
网络出版日期:2022-10-28
通讯作者:
金 敏, 教授. E-mail: jmaish@aliyun.com作者简介:林思琪(1992-), 女, 博士, 副教授. E-mail: linsiqi0811@163.com
基金资助:
LIN Siqi1,2,3(
), LI Airan4, FU Chenguang4, LI Rongbing1, JIN Min1,3(
)
Received:2022-06-24
Revised:2022-08-09
Published:2023-03-20
Online:2022-10-28
Contact:
JIN Min, professor. E-mail: jmaish@aliyun.comAbout author:LIN Siqi (1992-), female, PhD, associate professor. E-mail: linsiqi0811@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
Zintl相Mg3X2(X= Sb, Bi)基热电材料以其无毒性、价格低及性能高等优点而备受关注。与多晶相比, Mg3X2晶体在揭示材料本征热电性能、各向异性性质及电声输运调控策略等方面极具研究价值。本文系统归纳与总结近年Mg3X2基晶体的生长及热电性能发展现状。针对Mg3X2晶体生长过程中Mg元素易挥发和活泼金属性的难点, 多种技术如合适的温度冷却法、定向凝固法、助熔剂法、助熔剂坩埚下降法等被开发运用于生长Mg3X2晶体, 其中助熔剂坩埚下降法在获得大尺寸块状晶体方面更有竞争力。n型和p型Mg3Sb2晶体都呈现出各向异性的热电性能。调控晶体生长速度、Mg元素自补偿含量、杂质元素掺杂与固溶含量等手段, 都会影响Mg3X2晶体的电学性能和热学性能。目前p型和n型Mg3Sb2基晶体的最高ZT值可分别达到0.68和0.82。本文综述了Zintl相Mg3X2基晶体生长与热电性能的研究进展, 发现助熔剂坩埚下降法是制备大尺寸Mg3X2基晶体的关键, 通过元素掺杂及固溶方法调控载流子浓度和能带结构可以进一步提高Mg3X2基晶体性能。该生长方法和研究思路对将来Mg3X2基晶体制备与热电性能深入研究具有重要指导意义。
中图分类号:
林思琪, 李艾燃, 付晨光, 李荣斌, 金敏. Zintl相Mg3X2(X=Sb, Bi)基晶体生长及热电性能研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(3): 270-279.
LIN Siqi, LI Airan, FU Chenguang, LI Rongbing, JIN Min. Crystal Growth and Thermoelectric Properties of Zintl Phase Mg3X2 (X=Sb, Bi) Based Materials: a Review[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 270-279.
图3 温度冷却法生长的Mg3Sb2晶体
Fig. 3 MgSb2 crystals grown by slow cooling method (a) XRD patterns of Mg3-xMnxSb2 crystal powder grown by slow cooling method; (b) XRD patterns of (001) cleavage plane; (c) Morphology of as grown Mg3-xMnxSb2 crystal; (d) SEM image of cleavage plane[48]; (e) Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 crystal grown by modified slow cooling method[50]
图4 定向凝固法生长Mg3Sb2晶体[51]
Fig. 4 MgSb2 crystals grown by directional solidification method[51] (a) Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 crystal growth diagram; (b) The as-grown crystal1. The graphite; 2. Raw materials; 3. Melting zone; 4. Graphite heater; 5. Induction coil; 6. Boron nitride baffle; 7. Solidified crystal; 8. Seed crystal
图5 助熔剂法生长Mg3Sb2-xBix晶体
Fig. 5 Mg3Sb2-xBix crystals grown by flux method (a) Sb flux grown Mg3Sb2[53]; (b) Te-doped Mg3Sb2 crystals[54]; (c) Mg flux grown Mg3Bi1.25Sb0.75 crystal[55]
图6 助熔剂法生长Mg3Sb2晶体[56]
Fig. 6 MgSb2 crystal grown by flux method[56] (a) Schematic diagram of Y-doped Mg3Sb2 crystal growth by flux Bridgman method; (b) As grown crystal; (c) Mg3Sb2 single crystal with the size of 8 mm×10 mm×25 mm
图7 Mg3Sb2-xBix晶体热电性能
Fig. 7 Thermoelectric properties of Mg3Sb2-xBix crystals (a) Thermoelectric properties of Mg3Sb2 crystals grown by modified temperature cooling method[50]; (b) Sb/Bi flux Bridgman method[56]; (c) Directional solidification method[51]; (d) Sb flux method[54]; (e) Mg flux method[55]
| Method | Composition | Type | Shape and size | ZTmax | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature cooling | Mn-doped Mg3Sb2 | n | Flake, 6-7 mm | 0.11 (//ab plane, 500 K) | 2014 | [ |
| Mg3Sb2-xBix | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | 0.006 (//ab plane, 300 K) | 2015 | [ | |
| Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 | p | Bulk, 3 mm×6 mm×10 mm | 0.03 (//ab plane, 300 K) 0.12 (┴ab plane, 300 K) | 2021 | [ | |
| Flux method | Mg3Sb2 (Sb Flux) | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | - | 2018 | [ |
| Mg3Bi2 (Bi Flux) | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | - | 2018 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Sb2 (Mg Flux) | n | Flake, 3-8 mm | - | 2020 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Bi2 (Mg Flux) | n/p | Flake, 3-8 mm | - | 2020 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Bi1.25Sb0.75 (Mg Flux) | n | Flake, 3-10 mm | 0.82 (//ab plane, 325 K) | 2020 | [ | |
| Te-doped Mg3Sb2 (Sb Flux) | n | Flake, 5-10 mm | 0.78 (//ab plane, 600 K) | 2020 | [ | |
| Directional solidification | Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 | p | Ingot, ϕ 10 mm×50 mm | 0.62 (//ab plane, 800 K) 0.68 (┴ab plane, 800 K) | 2020 | [ |
| Flux Bridgman | Y-doped Mg3Sb2 (Sb/Bi Flux) | n | Bulk, 8 mm×10 mm×25 mm | 0.60 (//ab plane, 700 K) 0.48 (┴ab plane, 700 K) | 2021 | [ |
表1 不同方法生长Mg3X2晶体及热电性能研究结果统计
Table 1 Growth results of Mg3X2 crystal by different methods and their thermoelectric properties
| Method | Composition | Type | Shape and size | ZTmax | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature cooling | Mn-doped Mg3Sb2 | n | Flake, 6-7 mm | 0.11 (//ab plane, 500 K) | 2014 | [ |
| Mg3Sb2-xBix | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | 0.006 (//ab plane, 300 K) | 2015 | [ | |
| Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 | p | Bulk, 3 mm×6 mm×10 mm | 0.03 (//ab plane, 300 K) 0.12 (┴ab plane, 300 K) | 2021 | [ | |
| Flux method | Mg3Sb2 (Sb Flux) | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | - | 2018 | [ |
| Mg3Bi2 (Bi Flux) | p | Flake, 6-7 mm | - | 2018 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Sb2 (Mg Flux) | n | Flake, 3-8 mm | - | 2020 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Bi2 (Mg Flux) | n/p | Flake, 3-8 mm | - | 2020 | [ | |
| Y-doped Mg3Bi1.25Sb0.75 (Mg Flux) | n | Flake, 3-10 mm | 0.82 (//ab plane, 325 K) | 2020 | [ | |
| Te-doped Mg3Sb2 (Sb Flux) | n | Flake, 5-10 mm | 0.78 (//ab plane, 600 K) | 2020 | [ | |
| Directional solidification | Ag-doped Mg3Sb2 | p | Ingot, ϕ 10 mm×50 mm | 0.62 (//ab plane, 800 K) 0.68 (┴ab plane, 800 K) | 2020 | [ |
| Flux Bridgman | Y-doped Mg3Sb2 (Sb/Bi Flux) | n | Bulk, 8 mm×10 mm×25 mm | 0.60 (//ab plane, 700 K) 0.48 (┴ab plane, 700 K) | 2021 | [ |
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