二氧化锰/生物炭复合光热材料的合成及其在太阳能界面水蒸发中的性能

doi:10.15541/jim20250365

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 974-982.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250365

二氧化锰/生物炭复合光热材料的合成及其在太阳能界面水蒸发中的性能

凡胜强¹^,²(), 周书豪¹, 钱君超¹, 马汝广¹(), 吴正颖¹()

¹ 苏州科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 江苏省环境功能材料重点实验室苏州 215009
² 苏州科技大学化学与生命科学学院, 苏州 215009

收稿日期:2025-09-19 修回日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-01-21 网络出版日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者: 马汝广, 教授. E-mail: ruguangma@usts.edu.cn;
吴正颖, 教授. E-mail: zywu@mail.usts.edu.cn
作者简介:凡胜强(1998-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: fanshengqiang0127@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52172058);江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心项目(XTCXSZ2022-13);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_1893)

Manganese Dioxide/Biocarbon Composite Photothermal Material: Synthesis and Performance in Solar Interface Water Evaporation

FAN Shengqiang¹^,²(), ZHOU Shuhao¹, QIAN Junchao¹, MA Ruguang¹(), WU Zhengying¹()

¹ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
² School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

Received:2025-09-19 Revised:2025-12-05 Published:2026-01-21 Online:2026-01-21
Contact: MA Ruguang, professor. E-mail: ruguangma@usts.edu.cn;
WU Zhengying, professor. E-mail: zywu@usts.edu.cn
About author:FAN Shengqiang (1998-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: fanshengqiang0127@126.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172058);Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Treatment Technology and Materials Project(XTCXSZ2022-13);Jiangsu Provincial Graduate Student Research and Practice Innovation Plan Project(SJCX24_1893)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能驱动界面水蒸发技术作为一种高效、可持续产生清洁水的重要方法, 是材料和环境领域的研究热点之一。然而, 低成本、高转换效率的光热材料是制约该技术广泛应用的关键。本研究以山茶花花瓣衍生的生物炭(CC)为载体和结构导向剂, 在CC上均匀生长二氧化锰(HMO), 合成了结晶度低且缺陷丰富的HMO/CC复合材料。该材料在250~2500 nm光谱范围内表现出94.2%的高光吸收率和优于单一HMO的光热转化能力。HMO/CC与混合纤维素滤膜(MCE)组装成的HMO/CC-MCE光热膜, 呈现出极佳的亲水性以及光热转换性能, 在1.0 kW·m^-2太阳光照射下, 蒸发速率达到1.505 kg·m^-2·h^-1, 蒸发效率为92.47%, 高于HMO-MCE (85.00%)和CC-MCE (82.64%), 为无膜纯水的9.9倍。将HMO/CC与聚氨酯(PU)海绵相结合所构建的HMO/CC-PU三维蒸发器, 在1.0 kW·m^-2太阳光照射下, 600 s内表面温度升高至68.3 ℃, 蒸发速率高达2.274 kg·m^-2·h^-1。同时, 该蒸发器在模拟海水中循环测试15 次依旧保持2.271 kg·m^-2·h^-1的蒸发速率。本研究以生物质衍生生物炭为模板构建复合材料, 为新型光热材料的开发及其在海水淡化及废水处理领域的应用提供了有益参考。

关键词: 二氧化锰/生物炭, 光热材料, 太阳能驱动界面水蒸发, 海水淡化

Abstract:

Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation technology, as an important approach for efficiently and sustainably generating clean water, is one of the hot research topics in the fields of materials and environment. However, the lack of low-cost and high-efficiency photothermal materials remains a key challenge for the widespread application of this technology. In this study, manganese dioxide (HMO) was uniformly grown onto camellia-derived biocarbon (CC) as the support and structure-directing agent, forming a manganese dioxide/biocarbon (HMO/CC) composite with low crystallinity and rich in defects. The resulting HMO/CC exhibits a high solar absorption efficiency of 94.2% in the 250-2500 nm range, as well as superior photothermal conversion capability to single-component HMO. The HMO/CC-MCE photothermal membrane assembled from this composite and mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter membrane displays excellent hydrophilicity and photothermal conversion capability, achieving an evaporation rate of 1.505 kg·m^-2·h^-1 and an evaporation efficiency of 92.47% under 1.0 kW·m^-2 solar irradiation, which is better than those of HMO (85.00%) and CC (82.64%), and 9.9 times that of pure water without membrane. A three-dimensional HMO/CC-PU evaporator was then fabricated by integrating HMO/CC with polyurethane (PU) sponge, which can achieve a surface temperature of 68.3 ℃ within 600 s and an enhanced evaporation rate of 2.274 kg·m^-2·h^-1. Additionally, the device maintains a stable evaporation rate of 2.271 kg·m^-2·h^-1 after 15 cycles in a model seawater. In this study, the approach using biomass-derived carbon as a template to construct composites provides a valuable reference for the development of novel photothermal materials and their applications in desalination and wastewater treatment.

Key words: manganese dioxide/biocarbon, photothermal material, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation, desalination

中图分类号:

TQ174

凡胜强, 周书豪, 钱君超, 马汝广, 吴正颖. 二氧化锰/生物炭复合光热材料的合成及其在太阳能界面水蒸发中的性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(7): 974-982.

FAN Shengqiang, ZHOU Shuhao, QIAN Junchao, MA Ruguang, WU Zhengying. Manganese Dioxide/Biocarbon Composite Photothermal Material: Synthesis and Performance in Solar Interface Water Evaporation[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(7): 974-982.

图/表 12

图1 CC、HMO和HMO/CC的SEM和TEM表征

Fig. 1 SEM and TEM characterizations for CC, HMO and HMO/CC (a-c) SEM images of (a) CC, (b) HMO and (c) HMO/CC; (d-f) TEM images of (d) HMO and (e, f) HMO/CC; (g) HRTEM image, (h) SAED pattern and (i) EDS elemental mappings of HMO/CC

图2 CC、HMO和HMO/CC的XRD、拉曼、EPR和XPS结果

Fig. 2 XRD, Raman, EPR and XPS results for CC, HMO and HMO/CC (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of CC, HMO and HMO/CC; (c) EPR results of HMO and HMO/CC; (d) Mn2p and (e) O1s XPS spectra of HMO and HMO/CC; (f) C1s XPS spectra of CC and HMO/CC. Colorful figures are available on website

图3 CC、HMO和HMO/CC的光学性能

Fig. 3 Optical properties of CC, HMO and HMO/CC (a) UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of CC, HMO and HMO/CC; (b) Fluorescence emission spectra of HMO and HMO/CC

图4 纯水、MCE、CC-MCE、HMO-MCE和HMO/CC-MCE膜的水蒸发性能

Fig. 4 Water evaporation performance of pure water, MCE, CC-MCE, HMO-MCE and HMO/CC-MCE membranes (a) Mass changes of water, (b) evaporation rates and efficiency of pure water, MCE, CC-MCE, HMO-MCE and HMO/CC-MCE membranes at 1 sun illumination; (c) Mass changes of water, (d) evaporation rates and efficiency of HMO/CC-MCE membrane under different light illuminations. Colorful figures are available on website

图5 PU、CC-PU、HMO-PU和HMO/CC-PU气凝胶的光热和水蒸发性能

Fig. 5 Photothermal and water evaporation performance of PU, CC-PU, HMO-PU and HMO/CC-PU sponges (a, b) Surface temperature evolutions of PU, CC-PU, HMO-PU and HMO/CC-PU sponges at 1 sun illumination under (a) dry and (b) wet states; (c) Mass changes of water, (d) evaporation rates and efficiency of pure water, PU, CC-PU, HMO-PU and HMO/CC-PU sponges; (e) Mass changes of water, (f) evaporation rates and efficiency of HMO/CC-PU sponge under different light illuminations. Colorful figures are available on website

图S1 HMO/CC-PU气凝胶的制备流程图

Fig. S1 Flowchart depicting the preparation process of HMO/CC-PU hydrogel

图S2 CC、HMO和HMO/CC的UV-Vis-NIR谱图

Fig. S2 UV-Vis-NIR spectra of CC, HMO and HMO/CC (a) Reflection; (b) Absorbance

表S1 SCC、HMO和HMO/CC在200~2500 nm范围内的光谱吸收率

Table S1 Absorption efficiency of CC, HMO and HMO/CC for spectra in the range of 200-2500 nm

Sample	Total absorption	UV (<400 nm)	Visible (400-760 nm)	Infrared (>760 nm)
Solar spectrum	100%	7%	50%	43%
CC	93.0%	6.4%	46.6%	40.0%
HMO	90.9%	5.9%	44.8%	40.2%
HMO/CC	94.2%	6.4%	47.0%	40.8%

图S3 膜材料的水接触角

Fig. S3 Water contact angles of membranes (a-c) MCE; (d-f) HMO/CC-MCE; (g-i) PEI-MCE

图S4 MCE和HMO/CC-MCE的光热性能

Fig. S4 Photothermal performance of MCE and HMO/CC-MCE (a, b) Surface temperature evolutions of MCE and HMO/CC-MCE membranes in the (a) dry and (b) Wet states; (c) Infrared thermographs in the wet state

图S5 HMO/CC与其它材料的光热性能对比

Fig. S5 Comparison of photothermal performance for HMO/CC and other materials (a) Mass changes of water for different photothermal materials; (b) Mass changes of water for photothermal materials prepared with different carbon substrates

图S6 HMO/CC-PU的循环及耐盐性能

Fig. S6 Cycling and salt-resistance performance of HMO/CC-PU (a) Evaporation rates under 15 cycles; (b) Mass changes in natural seawater and brine with different concentrations;(c) Salt resistance performance of HMO/CC-PU aerogel sponge

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二氧化锰/生物炭复合光热材料的合成及其在太阳能界面水蒸发中的性能

Manganese Dioxide/Biocarbon Composite Photothermal Material: Synthesis and Performance in Solar Interface Water Evaporation

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