镱铝硅酸盐玻璃和SiC改性h-BN基复合材料的制备与性能研究

doi:10.15541/jim20250146

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

六方氮化硼(h-BN)陶瓷在工业领域具有重要地位, 但由于其特殊的层状结构, h-BN的强度和硬度相对较低, 限制了其应用。本研究同时引入镱铝硅酸盐(YbAS)玻璃和硬质颗粒SiC作为增强相, 通过原位反应热压烧结的方法制备了一系列h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料, 其中YbAS玻璃含量固定为30%(体积分数), 在此基础上研究了SiC含量对复合材料性能的影响。研究表明, YbAS玻璃和SiC协同作用能够显著提升h-BN基复合材料的强度和韧性。当SiC体积分数为30%时, 复合材料的室温力学性能达到最佳, 其弯曲强度、压缩强度、断裂韧性、维氏硬度和弹性模量分别为(462±5) MPa、(1465±58) MPa、(5.5±0.3) MPa·m^1/2、(4.7±0.3) GPa和140 GPa。其强化机制在于: 当SiC含量达到一定比例后, 其在复合材料中起到支撑作用, 能够有效承担外部载荷, 从而增强复合材料。同时, SiC在烧结过程中可以有效抑制h-BN晶粒长大, 实现细晶强化。此外, 复合材料具有良好的高温力学性能和较低的热导率, 其热膨胀系数与h-BN的结构和YbAS玻璃的转变温度有关。本研究为h-BN陶瓷材料的强韧化提供了一种有效途径。

关键词: h-BN基复合材料, YbAS玻璃, SiC, 力学性能, 热学性能

Abstract:

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) ceramics are significant in industrial applications, however, their special layered structure, combined with low strength and hardness, limits their application. In this study, ytterbium aluminum silicate (YbAS) glass and hard SiC particles were simultaneously introduced as reinforcing phases, and a series of h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites were prepared by in-situ reaction hot pressing sintering techniques. With the volume fraction of YbAS glass fixed at 30%, the effect of SiC content on the properties of the composites was studied. The results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of YbAS glass and SiC can effectively enhance the strength and toughness of h-BN-based composites. This composite exhibits optimal mechanical performance when the SiC volume fraction reaches 30%, yielding flexural strength, compressive strength, fracture toughness, Vickers hardness, and elastic modulus values of (462±5) MPa, (1465±58) MPa, (5.5±0.3) MPa·m^1/2, (4.7±0.3) GPa, and 140 GPa, respectively. The strengthening mechanism is identified as when the SiC content reaches a certain proportion, it plays a supporting role, effectively bearing external loads to enhance the composites. Moreover, SiC can effectively suppress the growth of h-BN grains during the sintering process, contributing to fine-grained strengthening. The composites also have good high-temperature mechanical properties and relatively low thermal conductivity, with the thermal expansion coefficient being related to structure of h-BN and transition temperature of YbAS glass. This study provides an effective approach for the strengthening and toughening of h-BN ceramic materials.

Key words: h-BN-based composite, YbAS glass, SiC, mechanical property, thermal property

中图分类号:

TQ174

张永恒, 陈继新. 镱铝硅酸盐玻璃和SiC改性h-BN基复合材料的制备与性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(1): 37-44.

ZHANG Yongheng, CHEN Jixin. Preparation and Properties of Ytterbium Aluminosilicate Glass and SiC Modified h-BN-based Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(1): 37-44.

图/表 11

表1 原料粉的样品符号和组成

Table 1 Sample notations and compositions of raw powders

Sample	SiC/ % (in volume)	YbAS glass/ % (in volume)	h-BN/ % (in volume)
BYbSi5	5	30	65
BYbSi10	10	30	60
BYbSi20	20	30	50
BYbSi30	30	30	40

图1 不同SiC含量h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料的XRD图谱

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites with varying contents of SiC

图2 不同SiC含量h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料的SEM照片

Fig. 2 SEM images of the h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites with varying contents of SiC (a) BYbSi5; (b) BYbSi10; (c) BYbSi20; (d) BYbSi30

图3 BYbSi30复合材料的微观结构和元素分布图

Fig. 3 Microstructure and element mappings of the BYbSi30 composite (a) Bright field image; (b) HAADF image; (c-e) Diffraction patterns of h-BN (c), SiC (d) and YbAS glass (e); (f-l) Distributions of B, N, Yb, Al, O, Si and C elements in Fig. (b); (m, n) High-resolution images of area A (m) and area B (n) in Fig. (a)

表2 h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料的密度和相对密度

Table 2 Densities and relative densities of the h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites

Composite	BYbSi5	BYbSi10	BYbSi20	BYbSi30
Density/(g·cm^-3)	2.763	2.813	2.910	3.015
Relative density/%	96.12	96.30	96.55	97.04

表3 h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料的室温力学性能

Table 3 Room-temperature mechanical properties of the h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites

Composite	BYbSi5	BYbSi10	BYbSi20	BYbSi30
Flexural strength/MPa	377±41	348±29	447±10	462±5
Fracture toughness/(MPa·m^1/2)	4.9±0.2	5.1±0.1	5.3±0.1	5.5±0.3
Compressive strength/MPa	1067±55	1046±91	1288±64	1465±58
Elasticity modulus/GPa	104	108	125	140
Vickers hardness/GPa	2.5±0.1	2.8±0.3	3.3±0.2	4.7±0.3

图4 不同SiC含量h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料中h-BN的SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM images of h-BN in h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites with different SiC contents (a) BYbSi5; (b) BYbSi10; (c) BYbSi20; (d) BYbSi30

图5 BYbSi30样品的裂纹扩展路径

Fig. 5 Crack propagation path of BYbSi30 sample

图6 BYbSi30复合材料(a)在不同温度下的弯曲强度和(b)高温弯曲强度测试时的载荷-位移曲线

Fig. 6 (a) Flexural strength of the BYbSi30 composite at different temperatures and (b) load-displacement curves for testing flexural strength at elevated temperature

图7 h-BN/YbAS/SiC复合材料垂直和平行热压方向的热导率

Fig. 7 Thermal conductivities of h-BN/YbAS/SiC composites in the directions perpendicular and parallel to hot pressing

图8 BYbSi30复合材料在不同方向的热膨胀曲线

Fig. 8 Thermal expansion curves of BYbSi30 composites in different directions (a) Perpendicular to hot pressing; (b) Parallel to hot pressing

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