Spinel LiMn₂O₄ has been considered to be the most promising alternative cathode material for the
new generation of lithium ion batteries in terms of its low cost, non-toxicity and easy manufacture. However, the capacity fading rapidly upon charge/
discharge cycling, especially at the high working temperature (>55℃), hinders its commercial application. Over the past decade much work has been
devoted to the spinel LiMn₂O₄ and its several fading mechanisms have been proposed such as Jahn-Teller distortion, dissolution of Mn²⁺ into
electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition and transformation of cubic to unstable tetragonal phase, etc. Its capacity retention could be improved much by
doping, surface coating and improving preparation technique. The recent developments in cathode material LiMn₂O₄ have been reviewed in this paper
based on the recent results in our research group.

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystal Pb[(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.93Ti_0.07]O₃ (PZNT93/7) was grown by a flux-Bridgman method using 50mol% PbO as the flux. Nucleation
was modified by O₂ gas cooling system at the bottom of Pt crucible. The size of the crucible was 40mm×40mm×300mm. The rate of pulling-down
was 0.5mm/h and the rate of oxygen fluid was 1～1.6L/min. The maximum size of the obtained crystals was φ30mm×25mm. The as-grown PZNT crystal exhibits
an obvious growth morphology and the largest revealed face is (001) determined by X-ray diffraction. Due to unstability of O₂ fluid and slow mass transport,
red PbO inclusions are easily formed in the crystal. The measurements of dielectric and ferroelectric properties show that the crystal can satisfy the requirements
of array-type transducers in a new type of medical diagnostic equipment.

Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal with the dimension of φ35mm×40mm
was grown by using the Czochralsky method. Due to cerium ion doping, its absorption edge shifts from 195nm of undoped LSO crystal to 380nm.
The intensities of ultraviolet excitation wavelength of LSO:Ce decrease by degrees of 380,332,319 and 216nm. The emission of LSO:Ce crystals has the characteristic of band emission
and the emission wavelength spans from 390nm to 560nm. The X-ray excited emission also has band characteristics with two peaks of 390 and 426nm.
These luminescence properties are related to the electronic transition of Ce³⁺ ion from its excited 5d levels to two split ground
state levels of ⁴f as well as the existence of two luminescence centers of Ce³⁺ ion in LSO lattice.

Diluted magnetic semiconductor Mn_xCd_1-xIn₂Te₄(x=0.1, 0.22 and 0.4) ingots were grown by the Bridgman method. The structure and composition of different
phases and the compositional distribution along the axis and radius of the Mn_xCd_1-xIn₂Te₄ ingot were analyzed. α+β+β₁
structures are formed at the tip of the Mn_xCd_1-xIn₂Te₄ ingots. Among them, α and β phases are crystallized from the melt while β1
is precipitated from α phase when temperature is below solidus. The content of β phase increases with the growth process, and finally, a pure β phase-region
is formed. At the end of the ingots, an In₂Te₃-type phase with a fcc structure is crystallized. There exist two distinct interfaces between the different neighbouring
phase-regions. The band gap of Mn_xCd_1-xIn₂Te₄ shifts towards the high energy side with the increase of x. At higher temperatures(50～300K) the variation of
magnetic susceptibility χ with T in Mn_xCd_1-xIn₂Te₄ follows the Curie-Weiss (C-W) law. However, a paramagnetic behavior exists at lower temperature (<50K).
The antiferromagnetic exchange of Mn²⁺ increases with the composition, x.

The formation energies of point defects in lithium niobate crystals were calculated in terms of the inter-ionic potential parameters and shell model parameters, determined by empirical parameterization. The results show that Li Frenkel disorders are the intrinsic defects in stoichio-metric lithium niobate crystals and Li vacancy model is the dominant defect species in congruent lithium niobate crystals.

The inclusions in KDP crystals were studied by using laser microscope Raman spectrum technique. Water solution
was found in the spherical inclusions between pyramid sectors, while CO₂ and H₂S in the prolate inclusions in expanded prismatic sectors besides
water solutions. These impurities were also found in the crystals with dense scatters. The results show that the compositions differences in above inclusions
are related to different growth mechanisms on the prismatic and the pyramidal faces of the crystal. The existence of these impurities in growing solution
is one of the factors to generate the inclusions as well as scatters in crystals.

Glass properties estimating models based on uniform and stress free glasses encounter certain
discrepancy from measured value when being used for refractive index change (ΔN) estimation in gradient index (GRIN) optic element
prepared by ion exchange. A comparison was made between HSD model and Gan Fuxi model in this paper. Result shows that Gan Fuxi model generates
relatively low aberration when being used to calculate in lightly stressed GRIN optic element, but becomes invalid in heavily stressed GRIN optic
element; While HSD model is much more adaptive on estimating in heavily stressed GRIN optic element, for involving polarizability factor and volume
factor of glass composition separately.

LiMn_2-xNd_xO₄ spinels doped with a wide range (x=0.005～0.1) of rare earth element (Nd) were synthesized. The result of the specific capacity
dependence on x value shows that the sample with x=0.01 has the highest capacity among the samples. The structural change during cycles of LiMn_2-xNd_xO₄(x=0.01)
spinel was studied by X-ray powder diffraction which shows that the samples maintain spinel structure and after 100 cycles the symmetry of the unit cell increases.
The charge-discharge curves of the obtained spinel show that after 100 cycles the capacity loss is only 14.9% which shows that the structure of LiMn_2-xNd_xO₄(x=0.01)
is stable. The FTIR spectra of LiMn_1.99Nd_0.01O₄ samples indicate that there is no intense reaction between positive material and the electrolyte,
but the trace of the H⁺/Li⁺ exchange may be the cause of the little capacity loss.

The SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film on the surface of three kinds of carbonous materials:
Mesocarbon Microbead (MCMB); Porous Carbon (PC) and Synthetic Graphite (SG), which can electrochemically insert and extract lithium reversibly,
was investigated in the appointed electrolyte. The formation of SEI is related to the structure and BET surface of the carbonous materials. This
causes the main irreversible capacity of carbonous electrode at the first charge and discharge cycle. It will play an active role for the cycle
stability after the first charge and discharge cycle when the stable film is forming on the surface of the electrode.

LiMnO₂ compounds with rhombohedral structure were prepared by the low-heating solid-state reaction method at the
temperature range of 350～700℃. The powder X-ray diffraction technique was applied to investigate the structures of the obtained samples.
XRD result shows that the structures of these samples are the same as that of LiCoO₂. Compared with LiCoO₂ and LiCo_0.8Ni_0.2O₂ prepared by
the same method, the lattice parameter of r-LiMnO₂, c/a, is relatively smaller due to the Jahn-Teller deformation. Selected-area electron diffraction
and XRD results indicate the existence of the cubic spinel impurities in the r-LiMnO₂ samples sintered at 600℃ and 700℃. The tests of
charge/discharge show that the samples prepared above 600℃ have two voltage plateaus of 3V and 4V, of which the plateau at 4V is related to the
cubic spinel impurities. Whereas, the samples obtained below 500℃ present only one plateau of 3V. Especially, the sample obtained at 500℃
exhibits good structural stability in lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation processes.

PZT95/5 samples were prepared with the conventional ceramic process. Based on the principle of “the same valance, different ionic radius; similar ionic radius,
different valances”, the additives such as alkali-metal carbonates, alkali-earth-metal carbonates, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, Nb₂O₅ and WO₃ were doped into the PZT95/5
separately. The dielectric properties, polarization properties and F_RL-F_RH phase transition behavior were studied. The acceptor additives make dielectric
constant of the material decrease, and the donor additives demonstrate the opposite effect; The remnant polarization in the material climes up with the increase of
the cationic valances of additives; The pure PZT95/5 ferroelectric material obtained possesses F_RL-F_RH phase transition temperature at 15℃
, this is significant for its application.

The phase component, structure and dielectric properties of (Sr,Ca)TiO₃ systems were studied. When ST/CT
ratio is 7:3, a main crystalline phase (Sr_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ complete solid solution with the ABO_₃ perovskite structure is formed,
the dielectric properties are improved by a microscale next crystalline phase BNT(Ba₆Ti₂Nb₈O₃₀) with the tungsten bronze structure
in the system. The new ceramic materials with excellent dielectric properties (ε_{(20℃ 1MHZ)}≥250, α_{c(-55～+125℃)}=-1150ppm/℃, tgδ_{(20℃ 1MHZ)}<5×10^-4, ρ_{v(20℃ 100VDC)}≥10¹³Ω·cm) do not contain lead or bismuth , and can be used for Q group multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Carbon nanotubes prepared by a catalytic pyrolysis method were considered as active electrode materials
for the storage of energy in supercapacitors. Due to their unique mesoporosity, this material has a high ability for the accumulation of charges in the
electrode/electrolyte interface. Electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube/nickel oxide composite electrodes were developed through the
electrochemical deposition of nickel oxide on the nanotube electrode. The value of capacitance obtained from nanotubes modified by nickel oxide
reaches 52F/g. The self-discharge rate of this supercapacitor is much lower than that of the supercapacitor composed of carbon nanotube electrode.

The effects of atmosphere and humidity at different temperatures on the behavior of aluminium nitride were investigated. The resules obtained show that the oxidation behavior was greatly affected by the humidity. The oxidation of aluminium nitride at 1225℃ in wet N₂, wet N₂:O₂=10:1 and wet air follows a parabolic rate law, while the oxidation in dry air follows a linear rate law. On the other hand, the oxidation kinetics in dry air is linear between 1100℃and 1300℃ with an activation energy of 233kJ/mol, and then arabolic above 1300℃

The industrialization of gelcasting technique based on the acrylamide system has been prevented to some extent because acrylamide is a neurotoxin monomer. In this
paper another gelcasting based on the polymerization of low-toxicity 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was successfully developed. The rheological properties of
alumina suspensions with two dispersants, JN281 and tri-ammonium citrite (TAC), in the new system were compared. The results show that JN281 is more effective
for the new system than the frequently used TAC. High solids loading ceramic suspension with low viscosity can be prepared by addition of JN281. The green
bodies made through the new system have smooth surface with a dried green strength of 18MPa. The SEM photos also indicate that the green bodies have a homogeneous
microscopic structure. Dense complex-shape ceramic parts were successfully produced through the new gelcasting system.

The zirconia ceramic as a dental prosthetic material was prepared by liquid-phase sintering with CaO₂-Al₂O₃
-SiO₂ glass as the sintering aid. And the bending strength, fracture toughness, thermal expansion and machinable property of the sintered bodies
were valued. The results obtained show that (1) CaO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass is effective to lower the sintering temperature of zirconia ceramic
to 1300℃; (2) the machinability of the dental prosthetic zirconia ceramic is comparable to that of In-Ceram; (3) its thermal expansion coefficient is 8.15～
7.19×10^-6/℃, bending strength is 360～340MPa and fracture toughness is 3.5～2.7MPa·m^1/2.

The bi-element doped recrystallized graphite was prepared from calcined coke, coal-tar pitch, titanium and silicon by a hot-pressing process in order to
investigate the effects of the amount of dopants on the thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, bending strength and microstructure. Experimental
results show that the basic physical properties of recrystallized graphite with 15wt% of dopant titanium are improved greatly, compared with
pure graphite prepared by the same process. The thermal conductivity of recrystallized graphite with 15wt% of titanium and less than 2wt% silicon increases with increasing
the amount of silicon at ambient temperature. The thermal conductivity of RG-TiSi-152 with 15wt% titanium and 2wt% silicon is 494W/m·K. The thermal conductivity of bi-element doped recrystallized
graphite with 15wt% titanium and more than 2wt% silicon decreases with increasing the amount of silicon at ambient temperature.
The electrical conductivity and bending strength of silicon and titanium doped recrystallized graphite decrease with increasing the amount of silicon.
XRD analysis indicates that titanium added to carbon substrates exists in the form of TiC precipitates and much of silicon added to carbon substrates
will escape from the material at last. The layers spacing d₀₀₂ and coherence length La of RG-TiSi-152 are 0.3355 nm and 864nm, respectively.

The structural parameters of carbon fiber, pitch-derived carbon and pyrolytic carbon in C/C composites were charaterized by laser Raman microspectroscopy and
XRD. In Raman spectra of these carbons, two bands named D and G were observed near 1336.73cm^-1 and 1581.00cm^-1 respectively, the peak positions do
not but the relative intensities of the two bands change with heat treatment temperatures. The relationship between the XRD data of graphitization degree g
and R^-1 where R is the relative intensity of band D to band G was plotted, the result shows that g increases with the increase of R^-1, but the gradient
of the R^-1-g curve decreases and gradually tends to zero with the increase of R^-1, and their relation can be written into the following equation:
g=1-e^{-2.11(1/R-0.34)}. The foundation of the correlation between R^-1 and g makes it possible to analyze the local distribution of graphitization degree in C/C composites.

The ZnO/BaTiO₃ nanocomposite system was prepared by a sol-gel method. The particle size, structure and phases of the nanocomposite were studied by XRD and
TEM. In addition, enhanced photoluminescence of the nanocomposite under 370nm light excitation was observed at room temperature. The blue-green emission peak
induced by oxygen vacancies of nano-ZnO particles, has blue-shift or red-shift with different heat-treatment temperatures, the blue-shift is assigned to quantum
size effect, and the red-shift is attributed to the high dielectric environment effects of the BaTiO₃ matrix.

Precursor powders of ZrO₂-Al₂O₃, ZrO₂-Fe₂O₃ and ZrO₂-(Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃) systems were produced by frozen-drying. Their phases transformation and microstructure were developed at deferent temperatures and sintering durations. Microstructure with fine grains was obtained in the ZrO₂-(Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃) system for the composition (ZrO₂:Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃=60:32:8 mol%) sintered at 1400℃ for 15h. The results obtained show that Fe₂O₃ has the effect of glomeration of grains in ZrO₂ base ceramic materials.

The interlayered cross-linking of a 2:1 type montmorillonite with chromium cluster compound[Cr₃O(OOCCH₃)₆(OH₂)₃]Cl·6H₂O (namely CrC) was studied by X-ray diffraction, infrared analysis, differential
thermal analysis, specific surface and ammonia adsorption measurement. Its preparation method, various influencing factors and some physical and
chemical properties were also dealt with. As indicated by the results, the synthesis conditions such as species, size and Cr/Al molecular ratio of
cross-linking agent greatly affect an interlayer space(d₀₀₁); whereas an interlayer space of nanocomposite, CrC/clay ratio and Cr/Al molecular
ratio of cross-linking agent play a very important role, influencing on surface properties and thermal stability of cross-linking montmorillonite
nanocomposites.

The interaction and non-crystalline spontaneous dispersion at the interface of five systems of transition metal
binary oxide, namely, TiO₂(anatase)-MoO₃, MoO₃-V₂O₅, Fe₂O₃-MoO₃, WO₃-MoO₃ and ZrO₂-MoO₃ containing 0～100wt% MoO₃ respectively,
were characterized by XRD, BET, FT-IR. The five systems were prepared by dry mixing and grinding up at room temperature, and then calcining at appropriate
temperatures below melting point of two component oxides(500℃/5h). XRD quantitative analysis and extrapolation of crystal phase content indicate
that each component oxide disperses spontaneously to form a non-crystalline phase at interface, and has a dispersed threshold value (the maximum dispersion
capacity). BET measurements show the specific surface area of all samples are much smaller(3.71～11.3m²/g) than that of the supports such as γ-Al₂O₃ SiO₂ and TiO₂ gel etc. The dispersed threshold
values of MoO₂ (0.33～1.43g·10^-2cm^-2 determined by XRD and BET in the present paper are far greater than the monolayer dispersion capacity of MoO₃
(0.117g·10^-2cm^-2) calculated from TANG’s model of O^2- close-packed monolayer dispersion and also larger than MoO₃ monolayer dispersion capacity(0.169g·10^-2cm^-2)
calculated from the spherical octahedron model suggested in our ensuing paper. Such larger dispersed threshold value in the much smaller specific surface area
signifies non-monolayer dispersion and/or chemical reaction at interface. By means of FT-IR spectra and its differential spectra, the new species of
non-crystalline phase at interface and its characteristic absorption bands are discovered for the first time, and these bands are correlated to molecular
structure, such as IR characteristic absorption bands of non-crystalline phase MoO₃ appear at 960 and 826～828 cm^-1.

Monolithic mesoporous silica was prepared by sol-gel technique and the CdS/SiO₂ assembly systems with different CdS loading were obtained by
immersing followed by drying and thermal reaction. The effects of annealing temperature, ambiencent and loading on the optical absorption of
CdS/SiO₂ were investigated. It is found that the optical absorption edges of the CdS nanoparticles in mesoporous silica shift to the red
as CdS loading concentration increases. The optical absorption edges red-shift along with the increase of annealing temperature under nitrogen
and blue-shift under air were observed, which can be attributed to the quantum size effect.

Three-Dimentionally Ordered macroporous titanium-silica mixed oxides were successfully synthesized
by using polystyren sphere colloid crystal as the template and the sol of tetraethyl silicate and tetrabutoxy-titane as the filling fluid. The sol filled in the voids among
spheres by capillary forces, and then transformed into gel in situ. Latex spheres were removed by calcination(<5℃/min; 300℃,5h; 570℃, 5h). The macroporous samples show
a beautiful iridescence in reflected light. SEM indicates that the pores are about 500nm in size and arrayed periodically in a face-centered cubic
(fcc) structure and connected with each other by small windows. EDS indicates that the Si/Ti molar ratio is 2.7. XRD indicates the wall of the
pores is amorphous.

A SiO₂ aerogel was prepared with rice husk, being cooked in boiling solution of diluent hydrochloric acid, then dried, and then pyrolyzed. The results show that the SiO₂ mass content in aerogel is 99.99%, the average particle size is 20.77μm, and the specific surface area is 251m²/g determined by ICP-AES, particle size analyzer and surface area & pore size analyzer respectively. The structure transformation of rice husk during the aerogel preparation was investigated by XRD, IR and SEM.

Pseudo-binary alloys (PbTe)_1-x(SnTe)_x (x=0～1) were firstly prepared by the powder
metallurgy method and their electrical properties were experimentally investigated. The results show that the grain size and pore size of the alloys
sintered at higher temperature are larger than those sintered at lower one. The maximum Seebeck coefficients decrease with mole fraction x
increasing, whereas the temperature, corresponding to the maximum Seebeck coefficients, shifts to higher temperature side when x
ranges from 0 to 0.6, and remains almost unchanged when x>0.6. The electrical conductivity reaches the maximum when mole fraction x
equals to 0.6. Besides, both Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities for all of the alloys sintered at high temperature
reveal similar variation with the temperature to those sintered at lower one, not only the Seebeck coefficients but also the electrical resistivities
for the alloys sintered at 550℃, however, are lower than those for the alloys with the same mole fraction but sintered at 725℃ when x≥0.2. It can be concluded, therefore, that
the resultant electrical properties are little influenced by sintering temperature for the pseudo-binary alloys (PbTe)_1-x(SnTe)_x.

High doping level of Au nanoparticles was successfully incorporated into sol-gel derived amorphous BaTiO₃ thin films, and the optical properties of samples
were studied. The characteristics of samples were investigated by using XRD, TEM, absorption spectra, and OKE(Optical Kerr Effect) techniques. Red shift of SPR
(surface plasma resonance) absorption along with the increase of treat temperature was observed by absorption spectra. Films exhibited a larger third nonlinear
susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ and superfast response time in the nonlinear optical test.

The formation mechanism of Ti₃AlC₂ powders by the combustion synthesis was investigated by analyzing the microstructure and phase content of the quenched sample. The results show that the mechanism of the reaction is a solution- precipitation mechanism: at first previously formed TiC particles dissolve in the Ti-Al melt, followed by the precipitation of ternary phase Ti₃AlC₂ that will grow into a layered morphology. The model of combustion synthesis of Ti₃AlC₂ can be divided into four stages: unreacted stage, preheating and initial reacting stage, dissolution and precipitation stage, completely reacted stage.

Typical stirring paddles inducing radical flow and axial flow as well as axial and radical flow were selected
in order to investigate their effects on the process of goethite preparation. Experimental results show that PBT (pitched blade turbine) inducing axial and
radical flow reveals good dispersibility and complete mixing properties, and makes apparent reaction rate of the system larger. Moreover, with the increase
of reaction time, the viscosity value of reaction system becomes large at first, and then amounts to a plateau, increases again at last. At the same time,
ultrafine goethite particles prepared by PBT are with narrow particles’ size distribution, uniform morphology and few dendrities.

Nanocrystal Y₂O₃:Eu was synthesized by the EDTA complexing sol-gel method at lower temperature using metal nitrate and EDTA as raw materials, the synthesis
condition was optimized. The pyrolytic decomposition mechanism of the gel, formation process of Y₂O₃:Eu and the properties of the particles were investigated
by TG-DTA, XRD, FTIR, SEM, Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. The results show that nitrate ions accelerate the decomposition of the EDTA-gel, and fine, homogenous, pure
cubic phase Y₂O₃:Eu nanocrystal can be produced after the dry gel calcinated at 600℃ for 2h. The nanoparticles of the Y₂O₃:Eu are basically
spherical in shape, about 20nm and 70nm in size respectively at 600℃ and 1000℃.

Surface-modified CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using thiourea. PVP (poly N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) was used as the stabilizer. The structure and characterization of the nanoparticles were characterized by means of TEM, XRD, UV-absorption, FT-IR, and PL spectroscopies. The results demonstrate that the surface-modified CdS nanoparticles have excellent properties in the size distribution and optic qualities.

The stable transparent sol of SrAl₂O₄ was successfully prepared by using cheap inorganic materials
as precursors. The uniform needle-like nano-powders were synthesized at low temperature and reduce atmosphere. The conditions and factors of preparing
the long afterglow powders of SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ by sol-gel process were reported systematically. The microstructures and surface shapes
of samples were observed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallization processes were determined by the X-ray diffractometer
(XRD). The luminescent properties were studied by the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The experimental results show that the luminescent features of samples
synthesized by the sol-gel process under the proper conditions are similar to those by solid-state reaction process, but the sintering temperature is reduced about 300℃.

Ag-doped TiO₂ powders were prepared by a sol-gel process. The influence of Ag doping on the
microstructure and phase transformation behaviors of TiO₂ powders was investigated by means of XRD, SEM, DSC-TG, SEM-EDX and N₂ absorption.
The results show that Ag dopant promotes TiO₂ anatase to rutile transformation but depresses the growth of anatase grains, decreasing
anatase grain sizes and increasing the specific surface area of TiO₂ powder. The Ag doping therefore exhibits a great potential in improving the
TiO₂ photocatalytic activity.

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystal Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-38%PbTiO₃ (PMNT62/38) was grown
directly from melt by a modified Bridgman technique. The XRD analysis confirms that PMNT62/38 single crystal has a tetragonal structure at room
temperature. The ε_r-T peak at T_c and little dispersion over measured temperature range indicate that the PMNT62/38 single crystal is
a normal ferroelectric. The full set of electromechanical properties was determined by using an impedance resonance technique, the Curie temperature
being about 174℃, piezoelectric constant d₃₃～300pC/N, and permittivity ε₃₃～734 and ε₁₁～4301. Electric-mechanical coupling coefficients measured are k₃₃ 84.6%, k_t 60.8%,
k₃₁ 44.5% and k₁₅ 45.9%.

In this work, we grew two types of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) crystals in different temperature gradient by
Bridgmen-Stockbarger technology and compared the optical transmissions and energy resolutions of the two types of BGO crystals before and after
ultraviolet irradiation. It was found that the optical transmissions and energy resolutions of the two types of BGO crystals are similar before
UV-irradiation. After UV-irradiation the optical transmissions at 480nm of the first type of BGO crystals which were grown in high temperature
gradient cut down about 20% and their energy resolutions obviously changed bad from about 12% to 18%. But the optical transmissions and energy
resolutions of the second type of BGO crystals which were grown in low temperature gradient keep unchanged on the whole. After 250℃/4h
annealing, the optical transmissions and energy resolutions of the second type of BGO crystals can completely be recovered. Whereas the optical
transmissions and energy resolutions of the first type of BGO crystals can’t completely be recovered until through 800℃/8h annealing. The
thermoluminescence curves of the two types of BGO crystals show that there is a luminescence peak at 85℃ for second type of BGO crystal,
whereas for the first type of BGO crystals, besides at 85℃, there are also two luminescence peaks at 130℃ and at 170℃ which
may show that there exist defects with deeper traps in the first type of BGO crystals. The reason for the difference between the first and second type
of BGO crystals may be that if the temperature drop dawn too fast during crystal growing, the defects in the melt can not spread out to the surface and so the
defects easily exist in the first type of BGO crystals.

X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption analysis were carried out on zinc-doped beta-tricalcium phosphate prepared by a liquid-phase reaction technique. Quantitative
methods and regression analysis were used to calculate the variation of lattice constants of TCP, and the shift or degeneracy of the PO^3-₄ infrared
absorption bands. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that zinc can substitute calcium up to 20 atom %, inducing a statistically significant
decrease of the lattice constants a and b. As the zinc content in TCP increases beyond 20 atom %, X-ray diffraction analysis shows the appearance
of a new phase α-CaZn₂(PO₄)₂. However, the effect of substitution of zinc on the lattice constant c is abnormal. The substitution
of Zn up to 10 atom % results in a general decrease of the lattice constants c, while it increases as the content of zinc in TCP increases beyond 10%.
FTIR spectra reveal that the substitution of Zn up to 10 atom% results in a statistically significant increase of the asymmetric P--O stretching vibration
absorption band at 1045 and 1120cm^-1 (P<0.05) and a statistically significant decrease of O--P--O bending vibration absorption band at 605cm^-1 (P=0.00085),
respectively.

SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ powder phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction process. Based on the XRD peaks, the powder phosphors were identified
as SrAl₂O₄ phase, which is monoclinic(a=8.4428A, b=8.822A, c=5.1607A, β=93.415℃). These phosphors exhibited broadband peaks in both the excitation and emission spectra. The excitation peaks lied
between 300nm and 450nm, and the main emission peaks lied around 518nm. The results indicate that the luminescence of these phosphors are due to 4f⁶5d→4f⁷(⁸S_7/2)
transition of Eu²⁺. And its luminescence decay consists of the initial fast process and the later extremely slow process. The trap level of phosphors was
analyzed through thermoluminescent spectra, which consists two peaks. This means that there are two electron traps in SrAl₂O₄: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺, which
can cause the long afterglow of the phosphors. The trap depths measured are 0.38eV and 1.34eV respectively.

Amorphous silver loaded fluorapatite powders with nano-sizes were prepared by the coprecipitation method. The silver loaded fluorapatite antibacterial was obtained after calcining the powders at 1000℃ for 3h. The antibacterial was characterized by TEM, XRD, AAS, SEM and antibacterial test. The results show that the antibacterial still has full antibacterial effect after calcining at 1350℃ for 3h.

Based on the X-ray diffraction results, the textures of aluminium nitride films were investigated by using the pole-figure method. Aluminium nitride thin films prepared have a high (002) plane texture, and most of the c-axis of particles are parallel with the normal of the substrate. Aluminium nitride thin films with (100) orientation are necessary, as they are applied to surface acoustic wave devices, and the pole-figure results are very useful for determining the c-axis of particles direction in the A1N (100) thin films.

At first, nanocrystalline TiO2 films were prepared by a sol-gel method on Al₂O₃ substrates. Then, nanocrystalline TiN films were successfully obtained by direct nitridation of the nano TiO₂ films using NH₃ as the reductant agent in a tube furnace. XRD, XPS and FE-SEM were used to study phase compositions and morphologies of the nanocrystalline TiN films. The results indicate that the best condition for preparing nanocrystalline TiN films by direct nitridation of films is nitridation temperature about 700℃ and nitridation duration of about 1h.

Thin films of lithium cobalt oxides were synthesized by the soft solution processing in a home-made solution. Films of LiCoO₂ were deposited
onto nickel substrates at 100℃ without any postsynthesis annealing. Their structure and chemical composition were checked by
X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, cyclic voltammograms, and galvanostatic charge-discharge
pattern analysis. The prepared LiCoO₂ films show R3m crystallinity and preferred orientation of (101). the films grow layer by layer with
homogenous grains, whose diameters are about 0.3μm. The thin-film electrode displays a good cyclic character and its first discharge capacity is
143mAh/g. LiCoO₂ films made by soft solution processing can be used as cathode materials in lithium microbatteries.

Rutile titania powders were synthesized by directly hydrolysis of TiCl₄ solutions at 70℃. The precipitates can be transformed into anatase phase without filtering and separation by varying pH of the system. Anatase titania can be transformed into rutile after calcination at 700℃. These phenomena were explained from the viewpoint of structure.

A method for the acid (HC1 or HNO₃)dissolution ofα-Al₂O₃ by MARS-5 microwave digestion system was proposed. When the temperature of digestion system increased to 240℃,α-Al₂O₃ sample was dissolved by HC1 or HNO₃. When the digestion reagent mass was constant, the digestion time was directly proportional to the sample mass. The digestion time was prolonged when the ratio of α-phase in Al2O3 sample was increased.