Bioactivity and Mechanical Property of PMMA Bone Cement: Effect of Silanized Mesoporous Borosilicate Bioglass Microspheres

doi:10.15541/jim20230039

Abstract

Abstract:

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in orthopaedic surgery as an injectable artificial bone repair material due to its advantages such as desirable mechanical properties, suitable curing time and low toxicity. However, its bioinert polymer may lead to aseptic loosening of the prostheses after long-term implantation. Here, silanized mesoporous borosilicate bioglass microspheres (MBGSSI) composite with PMMA bone cement was prepared to obtain ideal bone repair material with desirable bioactivity and mechanical properties. Mesoporous borosilicate bioglass microspheres (MBGS) were prepared by template method and modified by silane coupling agent γ-methylacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) to obtain MBGSSI. The results indicated that MBGSSI possessed increased specific surface area and decreased total pore volume than MBGS did by the binding between γ-MPS and MBGS occurred on the near surface of mesoporous microspheres. Compared with MBGS/PMMA, MBGSSI/PMMA composite bone cements demonstrated improved mechanical properties, which met the mechanical properties requirements of ISO 5833:2002 because γ-MPS improved the combination between inorganic and organic phases of composite. In addition, the hydroxyapatite (HA) could widely form on the surface of both MBGS/PMMA and MBGSSI/PMMA composite bone cements after immersing in SBF for 42 d, demonstrating the excellent bioactivity. Hence, it is suggested that MBGSSI/PMMA can be a potential bone repair material.

Key words: bioglass, silanization, PMMA bone cement, bioactivity, mechanical property

CLC Number:

R318

NI Xiaoshi, LIN Ziyang, QIN Muyan, YE Song, WANG Deping. Bioactivity and Mechanical Property of PMMA Bone Cement: Effect of Silanized Mesoporous Borosilicate Bioglass Microspheres[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(8): 971-977.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Microstructures and constituents of MBGS and MBGSSI (a) XRD patterns of MBGS and MBGSSI; (b, c) FT-IR spectra (b) and TG curves (c) of MBGS, MBGSSI and γ-MPS; (d, e) TEM images of MBGS (d) and MBGSSI (e)

Fig. 2 (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) corresponding pore size distributions of MBGS, and (c) schematic diagram of the surface silanization

Table 1 Specific surface area, average pore diameter and total pore volume of MBGS and MBGSSI

Sample	Specific surface area/(m²•g^-1)	Average pore diameter/nm	Total pore volume/(mL•g^-1)
MBGS	84.047	33.9676	0.7137
MBGSSI	227.856	10.22	0.5822

Fig. 3 (a) XPS spectra of MBGS and MBGSSI, XPS spectra of C1s in MBGSSI at etching depths of (b) 0 and (c) 100 nm

Table 2 Atomic concentrations of MBGS, MBGSSI and MBGSSI (etching depth at 100 nm)

Sample	C1s/%	O1s/%	Si2p/%	B1s/%	Ca2p/%
MBGS	5.02	72.38	5.27	2.71	14.62
MBGSSI 0 nm	7.91	70.26	5.68	2.27	13.88
MBGSSI 100 nm	5.32	68.88	6.81	2.25	16.74

Table 3 Setting and mechanical properties of PMMA, MBGS/PMMA and MBGSSI/PMMA bone cements

Sample	Dough time/s	Setting time/min	Peak temperature/℃	Compressive strength/MPa	Compressive modulus/MPa	Flexural strength/MPa	Flexural modulus/MPa
PMMA	287.5±7.8	11.38±0.37	49.15±1.45	70.01±1.85	878.67±55.84	67.75±1.88	2925.05±144.71
MBGS/PMMA	136.0±2.8	14.77±0.07	40.65±0.25	71.22±2.20	1029.66±63.54	44.53±2.59	4003.19±125.79
MBGSSI/PMMA	174.0±5.7	18.97±0.20	38.40±0.4	81.77±1.45	1091.50±75.64	59.42±4.34	3330.03±214.02

Fig. 4 Dispersity of MBGS and MBGSSI in MMA at (a) initial or for (b) 5 min, (c) 1 h, (d) 3 h and (e) 5 h

Fig. 5 SEM images of (a, b) PMMA, (c, d) MBGS/PMMA and (e, f) MBGSSI/PMMA

Fig. 6 SEM images and EDS patterns of (a, b) PMMA, (c, d) MBGS/PMMA and (e, f) MBGSSI/PMMA, and (g) XRD patterns of PMMA, MBGS/PMMA, MBGSSI/PMMA

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