Research Progress on Lead-based Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20240520

Abstract

Abstract:

Lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics have significantly lower production costs compared to single crystals with performance that notably exceeds that of non-textured ones. They are regarded as the most promising alternative to lead zirconate titanate polycrystalline ceramics and have emerged as a key research topic in the materials science field in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the growth principles and characterization methods for lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics, including the preparation processes for templates, and the essential steps involved in production of these ceramics. Then, it summarizes representative research findings on lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics and systemizes various improvement strategies. From the perspective of material formulation, the component ratios of ternary and binary system textured piezoelectric ceramics are typically chosen at the phase boundary to ease flipping of polar states under an external electric field, thereby achieving a high piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃). Both systems exhibit similar d₃₃, but Curie temperature of the ternary system is generally higher than that of the binary system, indicating greater application potential. From the perspective of preparation processes, the addition of sintering aids can significantly promote oriented growth of grains and post-annealing can eliminate impurities at grain boundaries and void defects. Moreover, quenching can freeze the electric dipoles from a disordered state. These improvements in processing have significantly enhanced the performance of lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics. Finally, this paper analyzes the current issues and developmental challenges, concluding that differences in lattice parameters and valence states of B-site ions between the template and the matrix material are the primary factors limiting the performance of lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics. Customizing templates that match well with different matrix materials will further improve their performance.

Key words: textured piezoelectric ceramic, BaTiO₃ template, grain orientation, lattice mismatch, phase boundary, review

CLC Number:

O482

WU Qiong, SHEN Binglin, ZHANG Maohua, YAO Fangzhou, XING Zhipeng, WANG Ke. Research Progress on Lead-based Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(6): 563-574.

Figures/Tables 10

References 111

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System	Template	F₀₀₁/%	ɛ₃₃	Random d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	Textured d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	T_m/℃	tanδ	Year	Ref.
PMN-0.285PT	NBT-0.6PT	87	3490	—	855	129	0.01	2011	[63]
PMN-0.325PT	1% BT	98	2591	—	1000	~160	0.006	2012	[64]
Mn-doped PMN-0.325PT	1% BT	96	2233	455	450	~165	0.0044	2018	[65]
Sm-doped PMN-0.3PT	5% BT	90	~4500	—	1040	90	0.05	2021	[66]
CuO/B₂O₃ sintered PMN-0.28PT	1% BT	99.5	3450	340	1180	~150	0.008	2021	[67]
Sm-doped PMN-0.29PT	5% BT	82	5130	500	810	102	0.056	2021	[68]
PMN-0.31PT	3% BT	93	3560	660	1020	134	0.019	2022	[69]
Eu-doped PMN-0.28PT	2% BT	98	~6000	1300	1950	~80	0.015	2022	[70]
Sm-doped PMN-0.26PT	1% BT	99	10115	1245	1882	76	0.042	2023	[71]
Er-doped PMN-0.33PT	5% BT	36.4	~5000	—	634	~100	~0.02	2023	[72]

System	Template	F₀₀₁/%	ɛ₃₃	Random d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	Textured d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	T_m/℃	tanδ	Year	Ref.
PMN-0.285PT	NBT-0.6PT	87	3490	—	855	129	0.01	2011	[63]
PMN-0.325PT	1% BT	98	2591	—	1000	~160	0.006	2012	[64]
Mn-doped PMN-0.325PT	1% BT	96	2233	455	450	~165	0.0044	2018	[65]
Sm-doped PMN-0.3PT	5% BT	90	~4500	—	1040	90	0.05	2021	[66]
CuO/B₂O₃ sintered PMN-0.28PT	1% BT	99.5	3450	340	1180	~150	0.008	2021	[67]
Sm-doped PMN-0.29PT	5% BT	82	5130	500	810	102	0.056	2021	[68]
PMN-0.31PT	3% BT	93	3560	660	1020	134	0.019	2022	[69]
Eu-doped PMN-0.28PT	2% BT	98	~6000	1300	1950	~80	0.015	2022	[70]
Sm-doped PMN-0.26PT	1% BT	99	10115	1245	1882	76	0.042	2023	[71]
Er-doped PMN-0.33PT	5% BT	36.4	~5000	—	634	~100	~0.02	2023	[72]

System	Template	F₀₀₁/%	ɛ₃₃	Random d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	Textured d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	T_m/℃	tanδ	Year	Ref.
Mn-doped PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	3% BT	93	—	230	720	210	0.003	2012	[76]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	5% BT	90	2310	230	1100	204	—	2013	[77]
Quenched PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	5% BT	92	1815	275	750	265	0.01	2019	[82]
PMN-0.22PZ-0.38PT	5% BT	98	1100	~250	950	235	—	2022	[78]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	2% BT	98	1000	230	1470	~225	0.011	2022	[81]
CuO sintered PMN-0.25PZ-0.33PT	5% BT	98	1720	235	860	222	0.008	2022	[79]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.33PT	5% BT	98	1500	—	1080	~225	—	2023	[83]
Mn-doped PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	2% BT	99	2100	223	862	—	~0.003	2023	[84]
CuO sintered PMN-0.47PZ-0.39PT	1% BT	92	1000	143	278	304	~0.007	2023	[80]
PMN-PZ-PT	3% BT	98	2410	—	1220	229	0.012	2024	[85]

System	Template	F₀₀₁/%	ɛ₃₃	Random d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	Textured d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	T_m/℃	tanδ	Year	Ref.
Mn-doped PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	3% BT	93	—	230	720	210	0.003	2012	[76]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	5% BT	90	2310	230	1100	204	—	2013	[77]
Quenched PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	5% BT	92	1815	275	750	265	0.01	2019	[82]
PMN-0.22PZ-0.38PT	5% BT	98	1100	~250	950	235	—	2022	[78]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	2% BT	98	1000	230	1470	~225	0.011	2022	[81]
CuO sintered PMN-0.25PZ-0.33PT	5% BT	98	1720	235	860	222	0.008	2022	[79]
PMN-0.25PZ-0.33PT	5% BT	98	1500	—	1080	~225	—	2023	[83]
Mn-doped PMN-0.25PZ-0.35PT	2% BT	99	2100	223	862	—	~0.003	2023	[84]
CuO sintered PMN-0.47PZ-0.39PT	1% BT	92	1000	143	278	304	~0.007	2023	[80]
PMN-PZ-PT	3% BT	98	2410	—	1220	229	0.012	2024	[85]

System	Template	F₀₀₁/%	ɛ₃₃	Random d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	Textured d₃₃/(pC•N^-1)	T_m/℃	tanδ	Year	Ref.
PIN-0.40PMN-0.32PT	5% BT	93	~2500	416	824	203	~0.025	2015	[86]
PMN-16PYN-0.38PT	5% BT	91	~2000	—	—	214	0.019	2016	[87]
PIN-0.30PMN-0.34PT	5% BT	62	2668	450	560	220	~0.04	2016	[88]
PIN-0.40PMN-0.32PT	5% BT	94	~2500	429	841	~200	—	2016	[48]
CuO-doped PIN-0.4PMN-0.32PT	5% BT	97	~2430	416	927	200	0.013	2017	[89]
PMN-16PYN-0.38PT	5% BT	91	2110	—	—	213	0.022	2017	[90]
PNN-0.15PZ-0.3PT	2% BT	82	~7500	~1020	1210	~103	~0.031	2020	[59]
PYN-0.52PMN-0.32PT	3% BT	~99	~2000	—	—	205	~0.01	2020	[91]
PYN-0.41MN-0.38PT	5% BT	83	~2000	413	409	224	~0.050	2020	[92]
CuO-doped PYN-46PMN-34PT	—	94	1960	380	460	—	0.019	2020	[93]
Mn-doped PIN-0.42PMN-0.34PT	2% BT	84	1514	370	517	205	0.0049	2021	[94]
PIN-0.445PSN-0.365PT	5% BT	99.2	2310	240	1090	247	0.012	2021	[57]
BZZ-0.375BS-0.60PT	5% BT	91	980	216	353	403	0.024	2021	[40]
BMT-0.6PMN-0.3PT	—	90	4500	—	—	—	—	2022	[95]
PSN-0.20PZ-0.41PT	3% BT	~95	1300	265	580	299	0.007	2022	[96]
PNN-0.21PZ-0.37PT	3% BT	96	~3000	730	830	~170	~0.017	2022	[97]
PIN-0.445PSN-0.365PT	2.5% BT	99	2155	—	770	~270	0.0072	2022	[98]
Mn&Cu-doped PIN-0.42PMN-0.34PT	2% BT	97	1498	304	725	205	0.0045	2022	[99]
MnO₂-doped PIN-0.46PSN-0.37PT	3% BT	99	1739	181	735	244	0.0039	2023	[100]
MnO₂-doped PIN-0.42PMN-0.34PT	2% BT	98	1498	304	725	~205	0.0042	2023	[101]
PIN-0.445PSN-0.365PT	3% BT	—	2100	—	840	261	0.006	2023	[102]
PIN-0.46PMN-0.3PT	5% BT	~99	1960	270	860	195	0.007	2023	[103]
CuO-doped PMN-0.29PIN-0.34PT	3% BT	97	~2000	~450	578	231	—	2023	[104]
PNN-0.25PZ-0.39PT	3% BT	98	2790	443	1165	197	0.021	2023	[105]
PZT-0.11PZN-0.06PNN	10% BZT	63	1123	—	318	230	~0.021	2024	[106]
PNT-0.34PZ-0.42PT	5% BT	98	2499	~250	820	180	—	2024	[107]
Li₂CO₃-doped PNN-0.16PZ-0.34PT	2% BT	85	3942	943	1180	146	~0.04	2024	[108]