动态辐射热管理技术: 从原理、材料到协同优化设计

doi:10.15541/jim20250411

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在快速发展的社会背景下,能源消耗问题日益凸显。其中,热能作为能源利用的主要形式,约占全球总能耗的51%。因此,开发低能耗甚至零能耗的高效热管理技术已成为亟需解决的关键课题。作为一种新兴策略,动态辐射热管理(Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management, DRTM)技术凭借其调控材料光谱辐射特性的独特优势,能够随外界环境变化实现实时精准的温度控制,从而提升能源利用效率并改善热舒适性。鉴于现有综述分类难以全面反映DRTM技术发展的多样性,本文系统梳理了DRTM的基本原理,并提出了一个全新视角,将相关研究划分为外部驱动型调控、材料自适应调控以及代表未来发展趋势的材料-结构协同优化设计三类。在此基础上,本文系统阐述了三类技术的工作原理、研究进展以及代表性材料,重点比较了其在太阳光吸收率、中远红外发射率调制以及工作模式切换能力等关键性能指标,进一步讨论了在不同触发信号下协同优化设计在调制能力和工作范围等方面展现出的巨大潜力,从而为未来不同应用场景下的技术路线选择提供系统性参考。从更宏观的角度看,DRTM有望成为连接人居环境、能源系统与智能材料协同演化的关键技术路径。

关键词: 动态辐射热管理, 热管理, 发射率调控, 热辐射, 综述

Abstract: Global energy consumption continues to rise, presenting a critical challenge. Thermal energy, as the primary form of energy use, accounts for approximately 51% of global final energy consumption. Consequently, developing high-efficiency thermal management technologies with low or even zero energy input has become an urgent challenge. As an emerging strategy, dynamic radiative thermal management (DRTM) exploits tunable spectral radiative properties of materials to achieve precise temperature control in response to environmental changes, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This review summarizes the fundamental principles of DRTM. Recognizing the limitations of existing classification schemes in encompassing the diversity of DRTM developments, this review proposes a novel framework that categorizes related studies into three categories: externally stimulated control, material intrinsic adaptive control and materials-structures synergistic optimization, the latter representing a key future development trend. On this basis, we discuss in detail the working mechanisms, recent research progress and representative material systems associated with each group. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing their performance in terms of solar absorptance, mid-to-far infrared bands emissivity modulation, and the ability to switch between different operating modes. The potential of synergistic optimization under various triggering stimuli is further analyzed with respect to modulation capability and accessible operating range, providing guidance for selecting suitable technological routes in different application scenarios. From a broader perspective, DRTM is expected to serve as a key technological pathway for the integrated development of the built environment, energy systems and intelligent materials.

Key words: dynamic radiative thermal management, thermal management, emissivity modulation, thermal radiation, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

马稚童, 李众少, 曹逊. 动态辐射热管理技术: 从原理、材料到协同优化设计[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250411.

MA Zhitong, LI Zhongshao, CAO Xun. Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management Technologies: From Principles and Materials to Synergistic Optimization Design[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250411.

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