图1 无机生物材料通过增强细胞功能促进神经化皮肤再生[57-58,60]

Fig. 1 Inorganic biomaterials promoting innervated skin regeneration through enhancing cellular functions[57-58,60] (a) Spindle zinc silicate nanoparticles promoting neuro-vascularized wound healing via releasing bioactive Zn and Si ions[57]; (b) Cu-CS containing wound dressing promoting cutaneous neural networks reconstructions and wound healing[58]; (c) Sprayable magnesium silicate particles containing hydrogel promoting vascularized and innervated skin regeneration[60]. Colorful figures are available on website

图2 生物3D打印锂-钙-硅生物陶瓷神经构建体用于神经化组织再生[62]

Fig. 2 3D bioprinted Li-Ca-Si bioceramics containing neural constructs for innervated tissue regeneration[62] (a) SEM images of the Li-Ca-Si bioceramic microspheres; (b) Immunofluorescence images and semi-quantitative analysis of Li-Ca-Si bioceramic microspheres inducing the neuronal differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells (NSCs); (c) Li-Ca-Si bioceramic microspheres inducing the neuronal differentiation and maturation of NSCs through activating PI3K-AKT signal pathway; (d) Optical images and their weight of the regenerated muscles; (e) Representative images of H&E and Masson staining assays. Colorful figures are available on website

图3 可喷涂镁-没食子酸酯金属有机框架颗粒复合水凝胶通过免疫调节促进神经血管化糖尿病创面再生[67]

Fig. 3 Sprayable Mg-gallate metal-organic framework-based hydrogel promoting innervated and vascularized wound healing through immune-modulatory approaches[67] (a) Schematic illustrations of synthesis and application of sprayable hydrogel; (b) Enzyme-catalytic behaviors of hydrogel to scavenging ROS; (c) In vivo representative images of the wounds; (d) Representative immunofluorescent images of the regenerated nerves and vessels in the wound area. Colorful figures are available on website

图4 含磷化镉纳米片导电水凝胶诱导神经干细胞分化[69]

Fig. 4 GeP nanosheet-based conductive hydrogel inducing the neuronal differentiation of NSCs[69] (a) Preparation of GeP@PDA nanosheets; (b-d) Conductivity (b), Nyquist curves (c) and impedance spectra (d) of hydrogel; (e) Representative immunostaining images of NSCs under different treatments. Colorful figures are available on website

图5 超声触发无线电刺激纳米贴片促进神经分化[75]

Fig. 5 Ultrasound-triggered wireless electrical stimulation nanopatch promoting neural differentiation[75] (a) Scheme of the nanopatch of stimulating neural cells; (b) Cell viability of nanopatch under different LIPUS stimulation intensities; (c) EdU fluorescence images of cells treated with different groups and corresponding statistical analysis; (d) Representative immunostaining images of β3-tubulin of neurons and corresponding statistical analysis of neurite length. Colorful figures are available on website

图6 无机生物材料通过调控细胞行为、调节免疫微环境、构建电活性微环境等途径增强神经细胞功能及神经化组织再生

Fig. 6 Inorganic biomaterials enhancing neural cell functions and innervated tissue regeneration through modulating cellular behaviors, regulating immune microenvironment and building electroactive microenvironment