二维无机材料调控病损皮肤组织再生的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20240508

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 860-870.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240508

二维无机材料调控病损皮肤组织再生的研究进展

肖晓琳¹^,²(), 王玉祥¹^,², 谷佩洋¹^,², 朱圳荣¹^,², 孙勇¹^,²()

1.国家生物医学材料工程技术研究中心, 成都 610065
2.四川大学生物医学工程学院, 成都 610065

收稿日期:2024-12-04 修回日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2025-08-20 网络出版日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: 孙勇, 研究员. E-mail: sunyong8702@scu.edu.cn
作者简介:肖晓琳(2001-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: xiaolin203232@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2401800);国家自然科学基金(32071352)

Advances in Regulation of Damaged Skin Regeneration by Two-dimensional Inorganic Materials

XIAO Xiaolin¹^,²(), WANG Yuxiang¹^,², GU Peiyang¹^,², ZHU Zhenrong¹^,², SUN Yong¹^,²()

1. National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu 610065, China
2. College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Received:2024-12-04 Revised:2025-01-09 Published:2025-08-20 Online:2025-01-24
Contact: SUN Yong, professor. E-mail: sunyong8702@scu.edu.cn
About author:XIAO Xiaolin (2001-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: xiaolin203232@163.com
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2401800);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071352)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二维无机材料作为一类具有单原子层或多原子层的无机超薄纳米片, 呈现出高比表面积、高导电性和/或高光热转换效率等特点。这些独特的理化特性赋予其促凝血、抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等生物效应。近年来, 鉴于降解和代谢问题, 该类材料被应用于调控病损皮肤组织, 如全层皮肤缺损、烧烫伤及糖尿病创面等, 展现出加速伤口愈合、减轻感染及改善炎症微环境的显著效果。本文围绕二维无机材料的特有结构和生物效应, 系统性阐述了其在伤口愈合中的应用及相关作用机制, 并展望了二维无机材料在皮肤修复领域面临的挑战和前景。

关键词: 二维无机材料, 皮肤修复, 微环境调节, 综述

Abstract:

Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials, as a class of inorganic ultrathin nanosheets with single or several atomic layers, exhibit high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity and/or photothermal conversion efficiency. These unique physicochemical properties confer procoagulant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant biological effects. In recent years, in view of degradation and metabolism issues, these materials have been explored for modulation of diseased skin tissues, such as full-thickness wounds, burns and diabetic wounds, demonstrating remarkable effects in accelerating wound healing, alleviating infections and improving the inflammatory microenvironment. This review focuses on the unique structure and biological effects of 2D inorganic materials, systematically describes their applications in wound healing and related mechanisms, and looks forward to current challenges and prospects of 2D inorganic materials in the field of skin repair.

Key words: two-dimensional inorganic material, skin repair, microenvironmental regulation, review

中图分类号:

R751
TB321

肖晓琳, 王玉祥, 谷佩洋, 朱圳荣, 孙勇. 二维无机材料调控病损皮肤组织再生的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(8): 860-870.

XIAO Xiaolin, WANG Yuxiang, GU Peiyang, ZHU Zhenrong, SUN Yong. Advances in Regulation of Damaged Skin Regeneration by Two-dimensional Inorganic Materials[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(8): 860-870.

图/表 8

图1 二维无机材料调控病损皮肤再生[34-37]

Fig. 1 2D inorganic materials regulating regeneration of damaged skin[34-37] BP: Black phosphorus; h-BN: Hexagonal boron nitride; BNNS: Boron nitride nanosheet; BNS: Boron nanosheet; TMD: Transition-metal disulfide. Created with BioRender.com. Colorful figure is available on website

图2 石墨烯及其衍生物调控病损皮肤修复[39,41]

Fig. 2 Regulations of graphene and its derivatives for the repair of damaged skin[39,41] (a) Structure of functionalized graphene[39]; (b) Conversion of graphene to GO/rGO[39]; (c) QCS-CD-AD/GO supramolecular hydrogel promoting bioelectrical signal transmission to repair full-thickness skin defects[41]. QCS-CD-AD: Quaternized chitosan-β-cyclodextrin-adamantane. Colorful figures are available on website

图3 硼基二维材料调控病损皮肤修复[47-48]

Fig. 3 Regulations of boron-based 2D materials for the repair of damaged skin[47-48] (a) p-BNNSs@PVA film with high thermal conductivity promoting heat dissipation of skin wounds[47]; (b) B-QCS-BNN6 transfering NO to achieve efficient antibacterial effect[48]. BNNSs: Boron nitride nanosheets; QCS: Quaternized chitosan. Colorful figures are available on website

图4 黑磷纳米片调控病损皮肤修复[52,56 -57]

Fig. 4 Regulations of black phosphorus nanosheets for the repair of damaged skin[52,56 -57] (a) CS-BP hydrogel enhancing fibrinogen expression to accelerate wound scab formation[52]; (b) 4OI-BP@Gel with high antibacterial effect promoting diabetic wound healing[56]; (c) SMHS promoting wound healing in diabetic rats[57]. CS: Chitosan; BP: Black phosphorus; 4OI: 4-octyl itaconate; SMHS: Self-assembled microsphere hydrogel scaffold. Colorful figures are available on website

图5 TMD调控病损皮肤修复[37,64,66]

Fig. 5 Regulations of TMD for the repair of damaged skin[37,64,66] (a) Structure of TMD[37]; (b) 2H-WS2 nanosheets for treating deep burn wounds[37]; (c) PCNPs@NIR-gel accelerating full-thickness skin healing in diabetic mice[64]; (d) MoS2@CSH repairing skin wounds of various shapes and sizes[66]. TMD: Transition-metal disulfide; PCNPs: Polydeoxyribonucleotide nano-vectors particles; CSH: Chitosan hydrogel. Colorful figures are available on website

图6 MXenes调控病损皮肤修复[69,71]

Fig. 6 Regulations of MXenes for the repair of damaged skin[69,71] (a) Ti3C2 MXenes nanosheet accelerating wound healing in diabetes[69]; (b) GO/MXene laminate with excellent hemostatic properties[71]. Colorful figures are available on website

表1 二维无机材料在促进病损皮肤修复中的特性

Table 1 Characterization of various 2D inorganic materials in promoting the repair of diseased skin

Material		Characteristic	Ref.
Graphene/GO/rGO	QCS-CD-AD/GO supramolecular hydrogel	rGO-CD: 0.6% (in mass) Swelling ratio: 129% Conductivity: 0.07-0.11 S/m Wound closure rate: 98.3%	[41]
Boron-based 2D materials	p-BNNSs@PVA thin film	p-BNNSs: 30% (in mass) Thermal conductivity: 7.38 W/(m·K)	[47]
Boron-based 2D materials	B-QCS-BNN6	Bacterial inactivation rate: >99.9% (under NIR irradiation)	[48]
BP nanosheets	CS-BP hydrogel	E. coli inactivation rate: 98.90% S. aureus inactivation rate: 99.51%	[52]
	4OI-BP@Gel	Bacterial inactivation rate: >90% ROS clearance rate: 51.9% Wound healing rate: 99.64% (under NIR irradiation)	[56]
	SMHS	Degradation product: PO₄^3-/HPO₄^2-	[57]
TMD	WS₂ nanosheet	Cell viability of 2H-WS₂: 100% Cell viability of 1H-WS₂: 60.4% (150 μg/mL, 48 h)	[37]
	PCNPs@NIR-gel	Swelling ratio: 169% Bacterial inactivation rate: >99.9% (under NIR irradiation)	[64]
	MoS₂@CSH	Bacterial inactivation rate: ~100% (under NIR irradiation)	[66]
MXenes	Ti₃C₂ MXenes nanosheet	DPPH clearance: 80% (2 mg) Wound closure rate: 98.8%	[69]
MXenes	GO/MXene laminate	GO/MXene: 0.5% (in mass) Coagulation time: 379 s	[71]

表2 二维无机材料修复各类病损皮肤的作用机制

Table 2 Mechanisms of 2D inorganic materials for the repair of various types of diseased skin

Material	Type of skin defect	Mechanism	Ref.
QCS-CD-AD/GO supramolecular hydrogel	Full-thickness wounds	Bacterial cell membrane damage Modulation of immune cells Reduction: IL-6 Up-regulation: VEGF	[41]
p-BNNSs@PVA thin film	High-temperature environment	Out-of-plane thermal conductivity (TC): 7.38 W/(m·K) The higher TC, the faster heat dissipation	[47]
B-QCS-BNN6	MRSA infection	Bacterial cell membrane damage Controlled release of NO	[48]
CS-BP hydrogel	Bacterial infection	Producing ¹O₂ Promoting formation of the fibrinogen Activation: PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2	[52]
4OI-BP@Gel	Diabetic ulcers	High PTT (photothermal therapy) and PDT (photodynamics therapy) efficacy Up-regulation: Nrf2, HO-1 Activation: KEAP1-Nrf2	[56]
SMHS	Diabetic ulcers	Enhancing M2 activation Bacterial cell membrane damage Promoting collagen deposition	[57]
WS₂ nanosheet	Deep burn	Up-regulation: CAT, GPx, antimicrobial peptides Reduction: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 Reduction: caspase-8, caspase-3, PARP	[37]
PCNPs@NIR-gel	Diabetic total skin defects	Bacterial cell membrane damage Up-regulation: VEGF, α-SMA Reduction: TGF-β, MPO Enhancing M2 activation Promoting collagen deposition Activation: PI3K-Akt, cAMP	[64]
MoS₂@CSH	Irregular wounds	Increase: CD31 Up-regulation: TNF-α	[66]
Ti₃C₂MXenes nanosheet	Diabetic ulcers	Enhancing M2 activation Scavenging ABTS^•+ Increase: IL-10, CD31 Up-regulation: TNF-α, HIF-1α, VEGF, α-SMA	[69]
GO/MXene laminate	Skin hemostasis	Presence of hydroxyl groups and terminal oxygen Free radical polymerization of ester bonds	[71]

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二维无机材料调控病损皮肤组织再生的研究进展

Advances in Regulation of Damaged Skin Regeneration by Two-dimensional Inorganic Materials

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