第三代SiC纤维及其在核能领域的应用现状

doi:10.15541/jim20190300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

第三代SiC纤维具有近化学计量比的元素组成和高结晶致密的特性, 与第一、第二代SiC纤维相比, 在耐高温、抗氧化、抗蠕变及抗辐射等性能上均有明显的提升, 因此在工程应用上尤其在核能领域拥有更明显的优势和更广阔的前景。本文对第三代SiC纤维的制备工艺、性能特点进行了介绍和比较, 综述了第三代SiC纤维在核能领域的应用, 并对其发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: SiC纤维, 第三代, 核能应用, 综述

Abstract:

The third generation SiC fibers have near-stoichiometric composition and polycrystallinity with high density. Compared with the first and second generations, they have obvious improvements in heat-resistance, creep-resistance and radiation-resistance. Accordingly, they have more advantages and broader prospects in engineering applications, especially in the nuclear field. In this paper, the fabrication and performance characteristics of the third generation SiC fibers are introduced and compared. The applications of the third generation SiC fibers in the field of nuclear energy are reviewed, and the development prospects are prospected.

Key words: SiC fibers, third generation, nuclear application, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

王堋人, 苟燕子, 王浩. 第三代SiC纤维及其在核能领域的应用现状[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(5): 525-531.

WANG Pengren, GOU Yanzi, WANG Hao. Third Generation SiC Fibers for Nuclear Applications[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(5): 525-531.

图/表 11

图1 三代SiC纤维的TEM照片[1]

Fig. 1 TEM images of three generation SiC fibers[1] (a) Nicalon fiber; (b) Hi-Nicalon fiber; (c) Hi-Nicalon S fiber

表1 三代SiC纤维的组成和力学特性[5,13-18]

Table 1 Compositions and mechanical properties of three generations SiC fibers[5,13-18]

	Trade mark	Tensile strength/GPa	Young’s modulus/GPa	Diameter/μm	C/Si
First generation	Nicalon 200	3.0	200	14	1.33
	Tyranno Lox-M	3.3	185	11	1.38
	KD-I	>2.5	>170	11.5	1.29
Second generation	Hi-Nicalon	2.8	270	12	1.39
	Tyranno ZE	3.5	233	11	1.34
	KD-II	>2.7	>250	11.5	1.35-1.40
Third generation	Hi-Nicalon S	2.6	340	12.0	1.05
	KD-S	2.7	310	11.0	1.08
	Tyranno SA	2.8	375	8.0&10.0	1.08
	KD-SA	2.5	350	10.5	1.05
	Sylramic	3.2	400	10.0	1.01

图2 三代SiC纤维的高温抗蠕变性能[21,26-27]

Fig. 2 High-temperature creep-resistance of three generation SiC fibers[21,26-27]

图3 高温处理SiC纤维后的拉伸强度[25]

Fig. 3 Heat-resistance of the three generations SiC fibers[25]

图4 PCS纤维电子束辐照交联反应机理图[28]

Fig. 4 Mechanism of electron beam radiation curing of PCS fiber[28]

图5 在氩气中1900 ℃处理KD-SA纤维1 h后的SEM照片[14]

Fig. 5 Surface (a, b) and cross section (c, d) SEM images of KD-SA fibers after exposure under argon at 1900 ℃ for 1 h[14]

表2 不同型号SiCf/SiC复合材料及性能[46]

Table 2 Different SiCf/SiC composites and their properties[46]

Brand name	Fiber type	Preparation technology	Tensile strength at room temperature / MPa	Failure duration
Hypercomp PP-HN	Hi-Nicalon	MI	321	>1000 h/1200 ℃
Hypercomp SC-HN	Hi-Nicalon	MI	358	>1000 h/1200 ℃
N22	Sylramic	CVI+MI	400	~500 h/1204 ℃
N24-A	Sylramic-iBN	CVI+MI	450	~500 h/1315 ℃
N24-B	Sylramic-iBN	CVI+MI	450	~500 h/1315 ℃
N24-C	Sylramic-iBN	CVI+MI	310	>1000 h/1315 ℃
N26	Sylramic-iBN	CVI+PIP	330	~300 h/1450 ℃
A410	Hi-Nicalon	CVI	200-315	600 h/1200 ℃
A416	Hi-Nicalon S	CVI	200-315	200 h/1400 ℃

图6 SiC纤维和CVD-SiC经中子辐照后相对密度的变化[47]

Fig. 6 Relative density change of SiC fibers and CVD-SiC by neutron irradiation[47]

图7 辐照后CVI-Hi-Nicalon S /SiC复合材料和CVD-SiC的体积膨胀率[54]

Fig. 7 Swelling of Hi-Nicalon S, CVI SiC-matrix composites plotted against irradiation temperature[54]

图8 混合型NITE-SiCf/SiC复合材料隔热面板的制备过程[67]

Fig. 8 Process of hybrid NITE-SiC insulator[67]

图9 SiCf/SiC复合材料加热器的剖面照片(a)和实物照片及红外图像(b)[68]

Fig. 9 (a) Sectional view of SiCf/SiC heater with tungsten terminal, (b) SiCf/SiC heater for BR2 with IR image[68]

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