齿科用氧化锆陶瓷韧性研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20170278

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化锆陶瓷具有高强度、高韧性、高硬度、耐磨损、生物相容性好等优点, 广泛应用于齿科修复。但氧化锆陶瓷相变增韧会缩短其服役寿命, 尤其在极潮湿的口腔唾液等复杂的生物化学条件下, 因承受咀嚼力、温度的频繁变化, 而导致其失效断裂。本文概述了氧化锆陶瓷在齿科修复领域的应用研究进展, 总结了氧化锆陶瓷的增韧机理以及常用齿科氧化锆陶瓷的研究现状, 并对临床服役中氧化锆陶瓷的韧性老化现象进行分析, 总结了韧性老化机理及其预防措施和方法。随着齿科氧化锆陶瓷综合力学性能的提高以及健康功能化的未来需求, 其在生物医用领域的应用将会越来越广泛。

关键词: 氧化锆, 齿科, 韧性, 老化, 健康功能化, 综述

Abstract:

Zirconia, attributable to high strength, toughness, hardness, and excellent wear resistance, as well as favorable biocompatibility, has been increasingly and widely applied to dental restoration. However, the phase transformation toughness of zirconia ceramics improves at the cost of service life deterioration. And zirconia ceramics may suffer failure and fracture after long-term mastication in the oral surroundings due to frequent changes in temperature and masticatory force, especially in the extremely complex biochemistry surroundings, such as fairly moist oral cavity and saliva. The research progress of zirconia ceramics in the field of dental restoration, toughening theories and their research state of dental ceramics were reviewed. This paper also summarized the issue of toughening degradation which is occurred in clinical application, and elucidated the mechanism and approaches. With the enhancement of comprehensive mechanical properties and the future demand for healthy functionalization, zirconia ceramics will be more widely applied in the biomedical field.

Key words: zirconia, dentistry, toughening, degradation, healthy functionalization, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

朱东彬, 宋艳军, 梁金生, 张晓旭, 楚锐清, 吴民强. 齿科用氧化锆陶瓷韧性研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2018, 33(4): 363-372.

ZHU Dong-Bin, SONG Yan-Jun, LIANG Jin-Sheng, ZHANG Xiao-Xu, CHU Rui-Qing, WU Min-Qiang. Progress of Toughness in Dental Zirconia Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(4): 363-372.

图/表 14

图1 应力诱导t→m相变过程[6]

Fig. 1 Nucleation and evolution of monoclinic phase in a cracked tetragonal single crystal under tension stress[6](a)-(d): Correspond to time 0, 1.4 μs, 1.6 μs, 2.5 μs, respectively

图2 相变区中裂纹扩展伴随韧性提高的示意图[19]

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of transformation zone and toughness increment developed with crack extension[19]

图3 裂纹扩展过程[22]

Fig. 3 Magnified view of the crack evolution[22](a)-(d): Correspond to time 0, 1.2 μs, 4.8 μs, 10.0 μs, respectively

图4 ZrO2/Ta裂纹扩展中存在的微裂纹桥接[23]

Fig. 4 Crack bridging occurs during crack propagation in zirconia-tantalum composite[23]

图5 (a)SiC晶须增韧ZrO2表面形貌[24]和(b)Mullite晶须增韧ZTA表面形貌[25]

Fig. 5 Morphologies of whisker reinforced zirconia ceramics (a) SiCw/ZrO2[24] and (b) Mullitew/ZTA[25]

图6 (a) 放电等离子烧结和(b) 热压烧结工艺形成的CNF/ZrO2断面形貌[28]

Fig. 6 Fracture morphology of CNF/ZrO2 sintered by (a) spark plasma sintering and (b) hot sintering[28]

表1 不同方法制备3Y-TZP得到的晶粒尺寸

Table 1 Grain size of 3Y-TZP prepared by different methods

Ref.	Preparation method	Preparation conditions	Grain size/nm
[37]	Co-precipitation	Sintering condition: 1173 K for10 min	3.3
[38]	Vapor-phase hydrolysis	Precursor solution: ZrCl₄: H₂O=1:40	15.0
[39]	Detonation synthesis	Hot pressure moulding	24.0

图7 3Y-TZP经过研磨并在1200℃退火1 h后的形貌[41]

Fig. 7 Surface of 3Y-TZP ground and annealed at 1200℃ for 1 h[41](a) AFM; (b) FIB

图8 不同方法表面处理氧化锆后的Weibull分布情况[42]

Fig. 8 Weibull analysis for the different surface treated Y-TZP[42]

表2 不同类型In-Ceram陶瓷强度对比[45]

Table 2 Strength comparison of different genres of In-Ceram ceramics[45]

Crystal phase	Strength/MPa	Genre
Al₂O₃	594±52	In-Ceram Al₂O₃
Spinel	378±65	In-Ceram Spinel
12Ce-TZP-Al₂O₃	630±58	In-Ceram 12Ce-TZP-Al₂O₃

图9 Y-TZP、Mg-PSZ老化前后的表面形貌[47]

Fig. 9 Surface topographies of (a) not aged Y-TZP, (b) aged Y-TZP, (c) not aged Mg-PSZ, and (d) aged Mg-PSZ[47]

图10 氧化锆在水中的老化过程[55]

Fig. 10 Scheme of the aging process[55](a) Nucleation on a particular grain at the surface, leading to microcracking and stresses to the neighbors; (b) Growth of the transformed zone, leading to surface roughening; (c) Further development of transformation

图11 Y-TZP老化(a)前(b)后表面形貌[56], (c)3Y-0.25Al晶界图, (d)3Y-0.25Al中Al元素的分布[59]

Fig. 11 Topographies of Y-TZP before (a) and after (b) aging[56], STEM images of 3Y-0.25Al grain boundaries (c) and corresponding Al-distribution map (d)[59]

表3 纳米压痕法评估陶瓷样品的力学性能[60]

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the ceramics samples evaluated by nanoindentation[60]

Ceramics	Hardness/GPa	K_IC/(MPa·m^1/2)
ATZ	21±1.2	4.2±0.1
ATZ with LTD	12±1.5	3.7±0.2
3Y-TZP	25±0.8	5.1±0.2
3Y-TZP with LTD	15±1.5	4.1±0.3
8Y-CSZ	31.3±0.2	3.77±0.02
8Y-CSZ with LTD	31.2±0.3	3.78±0.03

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