无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1459-1469.DOI: 10.15541/jim20260067
收稿日期:2026-02-07
修回日期:2026-03-19
出版日期:2026-10-20
网络出版日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者:
马文成, 副教授. E-mail: wcma@email.tjut.edu.cn作者简介:李晓磊(1999-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 574029178@qq.com
基金资助:
LI Xiaolei(
), QI Xiaofang, MA Wencheng(
), XU Yongkuan
Received:2026-02-07
Revised:2026-03-19
Published:2026-10-20
Online:2026-05-08
Contact:
MA Wencheng, associate professor. E-mail: wcma@email.tjut.edu.cnAbout author:LI Xiaolei (1999-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 574029178@qq.com
Supported by:摘要:
碳化硅(SiC)是制备大功率、高温高频电子器件的核心宽禁带半导体材料, 其外延层质量直接关系器件的性能与可靠性。垂直热壁化学气相沉积(Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD)因具备温度场和流场稳定、生长速率快、有助于提高厚度均匀性等优势, 代表了未来SiC外延行业的重要发展方向。反应腔压力和衬底转速作为垂直热壁CVD工艺中的两个关键可调参数, 通过改变反应腔内流场分布、边界层厚度及前驱体浓度分布, 对外延层生长速率和厚度均匀性产生显著影响。因此, 本研究探究上述两个关键工艺参数对垂直热壁CVD SiC外延生长过程的影响机理, 并确定兼顾高生长速率与均匀性的优化工艺窗口。基于有限体积法, 建立了垂直热壁CVD SiC外延过程的传热传质数值模型, 采用三氯氢硅(TCS)/C2H4/H2前驱体体系的气相反应和表面反应动力学。设计多组数值模拟算例, 系统研究不同反应腔压力和衬底转速对外延过程的影响规律。模拟结果表明, 随着反应腔压力从5 kPa升高到45 kPa, 衬底上方CH4和SiCl2等主要反应物浓度逐渐升高, 同时组分边界层厚度减薄, 但当压力超过25 kPa时, 腔体内流场易产生涡流, 导致径向质量输运不均匀, 厚度均匀性逐渐恶化。在衬底转速方面, 生长速率随转速提高而逐渐上升, 在0~500 r/min范围内, 转速提升有效优化了径向组分浓度分布, 改善了外延层厚度均匀性; 而当转速超过500 r/min时, 旋转效应加剧衬底边缘组分聚集, 形成中心浓度高、边缘浓度低的分布, 导致均匀性轻微恶化。上述结果揭示了反应腔压力与衬底转速通过调控边界层厚度和径向浓度分布影响外延生长速率和厚度均匀性的内在机理, 确定了腔体压力为25 kPa, 衬底转速为500 r/min的工艺参数可实现51 μm/h的生长速率和2.1%的厚度均匀性, 为优化SiC外延生长工艺参数、推动垂直热壁CVD技术的产业化应用提供了理论依据。
中图分类号:
李晓磊, 齐小方, 马文成, 徐永宽. 压力和转速对垂直热壁CVD外延SiC生长速率和均匀性的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(10): 1459-1469.
LI Xiaolei, QI Xiaofang, MA Wencheng, XU Yongkuan. Effects of Pressure and Rotation Speed on the Growth Rate and Uniformity of SiC in a Vertical Hot-wall CVD Epitaxial System[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(10): 1459-1469.
| Material | Density/(kg·m-3) | Specific heat/(J·kg-1·K-1) | Thermal conductivity/ (W·m-1·K-1) | Viscosity/ (kg·m-1·s-1) | Surface emissivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Felt | 120 | 200 | 9×10-3+2.7×10-4T+1.1× 10-10T3 | - | 0.8 |
| Graphite | 1950 | 753.5lnT-3466.7 | 1808×T-0.479 | - | 0.8 |
| SiC | 3220 | 1281 | 6.11×104/(T-115) | - | 0.9 |
| H2 | Incompressible-ideal-gas | 1.4×104+3.4T-3.4×10-3T2- 3.9×10-7T3+1.7×10-9T4 | 0.2+3.2×10-4T | 8.4×10-6+1.1×10-8T | - |
| Mixture-gas | Kinetic-theory | Kinetic-theory | Kinetic-theory | - | - |
表1 主要材料的物理参数
Table 1 Physical parameters of main materials
| Material | Density/(kg·m-3) | Specific heat/(J·kg-1·K-1) | Thermal conductivity/ (W·m-1·K-1) | Viscosity/ (kg·m-1·s-1) | Surface emissivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Felt | 120 | 200 | 9×10-3+2.7×10-4T+1.1× 10-10T3 | - | 0.8 |
| Graphite | 1950 | 753.5lnT-3466.7 | 1808×T-0.479 | - | 0.8 |
| SiC | 3220 | 1281 | 6.11×104/(T-115) | - | 0.9 |
| H2 | Incompressible-ideal-gas | 1.4×104+3.4T-3.4×10-3T2- 3.9×10-7T3+1.7×10-9T4 | 0.2+3.2×10-4T | 8.4×10-6+1.1×10-8T | - |
| Mixture-gas | Kinetic-theory | Kinetic-theory | Kinetic-theory | - | - |
| Reaction | A | Ea | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| C2H4+H→C2H5 | 2.2×108 | 8.64×103 | 0 |
| C2H5+3H→2CH4 | 5.0×1011 | 0 | 0 |
| C2H5+2H2→2CH4+H | 9.0×1013 | 0 | 0 |
| C2H6+H→C2H5+H2 | 1.4×109 | 3.09×105 | 0.5 |
| C2H5→C2H4+H | 1.4×108 | 1.56×105 | 0 |
| SiHCl3→SiCl2+HCl | 3.2×1012 | 7.00×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+H2→SiH2Cl2+HCl | 3.2×10-8 | 2.33×105 | 0 |
| SiH2Cl2→SiCl2+H2 | 2.1×1018 | 3.20×105 | 0 |
| SiH2Cl2→SiHCl+HCl | 6.9×1014 | 3.17×105 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+H→SiCl3+H2 | 7.4×108 | 2.70×103 | 0 |
| SiCl3+HCl→SiCl4+H | 1.2×102 | 1.10×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+HCl→SiCl4+H2 | 2.2×103 | 4.26×104 | 0 |
| SiCl4→SiCl3+Cl | 7.0×1022 | 1.11×104 | 0 |
| C2H4→C2H2+H2 | 1.5×1015 | 3.45×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl+HCl→SiCl2+H2 | 2.2×108 | 1.00×108 | 0.5 |
| H+H2→H2 | 5.0×1011 | 9.20×107 | -0.6 |
表2 气相动力学机理
Table 2 Gas phase kinetic mechanism
| Reaction | A | Ea | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| C2H4+H→C2H5 | 2.2×108 | 8.64×103 | 0 |
| C2H5+3H→2CH4 | 5.0×1011 | 0 | 0 |
| C2H5+2H2→2CH4+H | 9.0×1013 | 0 | 0 |
| C2H6+H→C2H5+H2 | 1.4×109 | 3.09×105 | 0.5 |
| C2H5→C2H4+H | 1.4×108 | 1.56×105 | 0 |
| SiHCl3→SiCl2+HCl | 3.2×1012 | 7.00×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+H2→SiH2Cl2+HCl | 3.2×10-8 | 2.33×105 | 0 |
| SiH2Cl2→SiCl2+H2 | 2.1×1018 | 3.20×105 | 0 |
| SiH2Cl2→SiHCl+HCl | 6.9×1014 | 3.17×105 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+H→SiCl3+H2 | 7.4×108 | 2.70×103 | 0 |
| SiCl3+HCl→SiCl4+H | 1.2×102 | 1.10×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl3+HCl→SiCl4+H2 | 2.2×103 | 4.26×104 | 0 |
| SiCl4→SiCl3+Cl | 7.0×1022 | 1.11×104 | 0 |
| C2H4→C2H2+H2 | 1.5×1015 | 3.45×104 | 0 |
| SiHCl+HCl→SiCl2+H2 | 2.2×108 | 1.00×108 | 0.5 |
| H+H2→H2 | 5.0×1011 | 9.20×107 | -0.6 |
| Reaction | A | Ea | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| SiHCl3+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+H+2Cl | 2.6×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl3+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol | 3.2×1018 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl2+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+Cl | 3.1×1019 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl4+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+3Cl | 2.9×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiH2Cl2+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+2H+Cl | 3.8×108 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiHCl+C-surf→Si-surf+HCl+C-vol | 3.1×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl-surf→Si-surf+Cl | 2.3×1012 | 0 | 0.5 |
| C2H2+2Si-surf→2C-surf+H2+2Si-vol | 3.0×1018 | 0 | 0.5 |
| C2H4+2Si-surf→2C-surf+2H2+2Si-vol | 2.3×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| CH4+Si-surf→C-surf+2H2+Si-vol | 4.3×1011 | 0 | 0.5 |
表3 表面动力学机理
Table 3 Surface kinetic mechanism
| Reaction | A | Ea | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| SiHCl3+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+H+2Cl | 2.6×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl3+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol | 3.2×1018 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl2+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+Cl | 3.1×1019 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl4+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+3Cl | 2.9×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiH2Cl2+C-surf→SiCl-surf+C-vol+2H+Cl | 3.8×108 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiHCl+C-surf→Si-surf+HCl+C-vol | 3.1×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| SiCl-surf→Si-surf+Cl | 2.3×1012 | 0 | 0.5 |
| C2H2+2Si-surf→2C-surf+H2+2Si-vol | 3.0×1018 | 0 | 0.5 |
| C2H4+2Si-surf→2C-surf+2H2+2Si-vol | 2.3×1016 | 0 | 0.5 |
| CH4+Si-surf→C-surf+2H2+Si-vol | 4.3×1011 | 0 | 0.5 |
图2 基准条件下反应腔体内温度场和流速分布
Fig. 2 Temperature distribution and streamline distribution in the reaction chamber under baseline case (a) Temperature distribution; (b) Streamline distribution; (c) Flow velocity distribution. Colorful figures are available on website
图3 基准算例反应腔体内不同组分的摩尔分数占比分布
Fig. 3 Distribution of molar fractions for different components in the reaction chamber under baseline case (a) CH4 molar fraction; (b) C2H2 molar fraction; (c) SiCl2 molar fraction; (d) SiCl3 molar fraction. Colorful figures are available on website
图5 不同压力下CH4摩尔浓度分布
Fig. 5 Distribution of molar concentration of CH4 at different pressures (a) 5 kPa; (b) 15 kPa; (c) 25 kPa; (d) 35 kPa; (e) 45 kPa. Colorful figures are available on website
图6 不同压力下SiCl2摩尔浓度分布
Fig. 6 Distribution of molar concentration of SiCl2 at different pressures (a) 5 kPa; (b) 15 kPa (c) 25 kPa; (d) 35 kPa; (e) 45 kPa. Colorful figures are available on website
图7 不同压力下衬底上方CH4摩尔浓度轴向和径向分布
Fig. 7 Vertical and radial distributions of CH4 molar concentration above the substrate surface at different pressures (a) Vertical distribution; (b) Radial distribution
图10 不同转速下CH4摩尔浓度分布
Fig. 10 Distribution of CH4 molar concentration at different rotational rates (a) 0 r/min; (b) 250 r/min; (c) 500 r/min; (d) 750 r/min; (e) 1000 r/min. Colorful figures are available on website
图11 不同转速下衬底表面上方CH4摩尔浓度轴向和径向分布
Fig. 11 Vertical and radial distributions of CH4 molar concentration above the substrate surface at different rotational rates (a) Vertical distribution; (b) Radial distribution
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