SiC纤维室温至2000 ℃的拉伸性能与微观结构演变

doi:10.15541/jim20260075

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1415-1424.DOI: 10.15541/jim20260075

SiC纤维室温至2000 ℃的拉伸性能与微观结构演变

何涛¹^,²(), 王新刚²(), 王小飞², 王铭², 徐京城¹, 吕松泽², 陈悦², 刘宸宇², 蒋丹宇²

¹ 上海理工大学材料与化学学院, 上海 200093
² 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 关键陶瓷材料全国重点实验室, 上海 201899

收稿日期:2026-02-13 修回日期:2026-05-06 出版日期:2026-10-20 网络出版日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者: 王新刚, 正高级工程师. E-mail: xgwang@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:何涛(1999-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 15856489053@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3702304)

Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolution of SiC Fibres from Room Temperature to 2000 ℃

HE Tao¹^,²(), WANG Xingang²(), WANG Xiaofei², WANG Ming², XU Jingcheng¹, LÜ Songze², CHEN Yue², LIU Chenyu², JIANG Danyu²

¹ School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
² State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China

Received:2026-02-13 Revised:2026-05-06 Published:2026-10-20 Online:2026-05-08
Contact: WANG Xingang, professor. E-mail: xgwang@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:HE Tao (1999-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 15856489053@163.com
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3702304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

连续碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷纤维是航空航天和先进核能领域用复合材料的增强体。高温拉伸性能是陶瓷纤维在极端环境应用的关键指标之一, 但关于SiC纤维原位高温拉伸性能的报道较少。本研究采用冷端夹持和热端夹持的原位高温拉伸测试方法, 系统研究了SiC纤维在室温至2000 ℃、不同气氛条件下的组分、微观结构与力学性能的关系。高温环境下的束丝拉伸强度受气氛影响, 在1200 ℃、空气气氛下, 纤维氧化导致拉伸强度从室温的1632 MPa衰减至417 MPa, 强度保留率为44.4%。而在氩气气氛中, 纤维在1200 ℃时的拉伸强度为843 MPa, 强度保留率高达89.7%。纤维在1400和1600 ℃氩气中的拉伸强度保留率分别为76.1%和63.5%。当温度达到1700 ℃及以上时, 由于β-SiC晶粒急剧粗化及纤维中部分非晶相分解形成气孔缺陷, 纤维拉伸强度显著下降, 纤维在2000 ℃时的强度仅为331 MPa, 强度保留率仅为22.5%。本研究揭示了SiC纤维在1600 ℃以下氩气中具有相对较高的强度保留率, 阐明了晶粒粗化、部分相分解和相变是1700 ℃以上高温力学性能演变的机制, 为国产SiC纤维高温工程应用提供了关键的基础数据支撑。

关键词: 碳化硅纤维, 高温原位拉伸强度, 拉伸性能, 微观结构, 晶粒粗化

Abstract:

Continuous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic fibres serve as reinforcements for composites used in aerospace and advanced nuclear energy applications. High-temperature tensile performance is a key property for ceramic fibres employed in extreme environments. However, reports on the in-situ high-temperature tensile properties of SiC fibres remain limited. In this study, in-situ high-temperature tensile tests using both cold-grip and hot-grip methods were employed to systematically investigate the relationships among composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of SiC fibres from room temperature up to 2000 ℃ under different atmospheres. The high-temperature tensile strength of fibre tows is influenced by the atmosphere. At 1200 ℃, oxidation in air causes the tensile strength to decrease from 1632 MPa at room-temperature value to 417 MPa, retaining 44.4% of the original strength. In contrast, in an argon atmosphere at the same temperature, the tensile strength is 843 MPa, corresponding to a retention of 89.7%. In an argon atmosphere, the tensile strength retentions at 1400 and 1600 ℃ are 76.1% and 63.5%, respectively. Above 1700 ℃, the tensile strength decreases significantly, owing to rapid coarsening of β-SiC grains and the formation of pore defects from the decomposition of some amorphous phases. At 2000 ℃, the fibre strength drops to only 331 MPa, retaining only 22.5% of its original strength. This study reveals that SiC fibres exhibit relatively high strength retention in argon below 1600 ℃, and elucidates the mechanisms governing the evolution of high-temperature mechanical properties above 1700 ℃, including grain coarsening, partial phase decomposition and phase transformation. Therefore, this study provides critical fundamental data to support the high-temperature engineering application of domestic SiC fibres.

Key words: silicon carbide fibre, in-situ high-temperature tensile strength, tensile property, microstructure, grain coarsening

中图分类号:

TQ343

何涛, 王新刚, 王小飞, 王铭, 徐京城, 吕松泽, 陈悦, 刘宸宇, 蒋丹宇. SiC纤维室温至2000 ℃的拉伸性能与微观结构演变[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(10): 1415-1424.

HE Tao, WANG Xingang, WANG Xiaofei, WANG Ming, XU Jingcheng, LÜ Songze, CHEN Yue, LIU Chenyu, JIANG Danyu. Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolution of SiC Fibres from Room Temperature to 2000 ℃[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(10): 1415-1424.

图/表 14

表1 Cansas-III碳化硅纤维束丝的基本性能

Table 1 Basic properties of Cansas-III silicon carbide fibre tows

Fibre	Filament diameter/ μm	Density/ (g·cm^-3)	Linear density/ tex	Tensile strength/ GPa	Tensile modulus/ GPa	Fracture strain/ %
Cansas-III	12±1	3.01	178	4.28	375	1.13

图1 纤维高温拉伸测试装置示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of high-temperature tensile test apparatus for fibres (a) Cold-end clamping method; (b) Hot-end clamping method

图2 SiC纤维束丝在不同温度下(25~1200 ℃)的拉伸性能

Fig. 2 Tensile properties of SiC fibre tows at different temperatures (25-1200 ℃) (a) Tensile strength; Tensile strength retention based on the strength at (b) room temperature (25 ℃) and (c) 800 ℃; (d) Elastic modulus

图3 原始SiC纤维及在不同温度、气氛下拉伸测试后的XRD图谱

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of as-received fibres before and after tensile test under different atmospheres and temperatures

图4 不同温度和气氛下SiC纤维拉伸后的表面SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM images of SiC fibres after tensile testing at different temperatures and atmospheres (a) As received; (b-e) Air: (b) 200, (c) 600, (d) 800 and (e) 1200 ℃; (f-i) Ar: (f) 200, (g) 600, (h) 800 and (i) 1200 ℃

图5 纤维断口及表面SEM照片与EDS分析

Fig. 5 SEM images and EDS analysis of the fracture surface and surface of fibres (a, b) Fracture surface; (c) Surface; (d) Fracture surface from manual cutting

图6 SiC单丝Weibull参数拟合曲线

Fig. 6 Weibull parameter fitting curve of SiC single filaments

表2 纤维单丝拉伸试验得到的Weibull参数(ms、${{\sigma }_{0,s}}$)、决定系数(R2)、统计平均强度($\bar{\sigma }$)和算术平均强度(${{\bar{\sigma }}_{\mathbf{s}}}$)

Table 2 Weibull parameters (${{m}_{\mathbf{s}}}$, ${{\sigma }_{0,s}}$), coefficient of determination (R2), statistical average strength ($\bar{\sigma }$), and mean strength (${{\bar{\sigma }}_{\mathbf{s}}}$) obtained by single filament tensile test

Fibre	${{m}_{\text{s}}}$	σ_0,s/GPa	R²	σ¯/GPa	σ¯_s/GPa
Cansas-III	6.7	4.2	0.97	3.9	4.1

表3 SiC纤维单丝和束丝试验得到的Weibull参数结果对比

Table 3 Comparison of the Weibull parameters obtained from the tensile tests of SiC filaments and tows

Fibre	${{m}_{\text{s}}}$	${{m}_{\text{tow}}}$	${{\sigma }_{0,\text{s}}}$/GPa	${{\sigma }_{0,\text{tow}(\text{GL}=25)}}$/GPa
Cansas-III	6.7	6.3	4.2	3.3

图7 采用热端夹持法在不同温度测试SiC纤维束丝的(a)拉伸强度和(b)强度保留率

Fig. 7 (a) Tensile strength and (b) strength retention of SiC fibre tows at different temperatures by hot-end gripped method

图8 (a) SiC纤维束丝不同温度下的载荷-位移曲线; (b)去除上浆剂的SiC纤维束丝不同标距下的室温拉伸强度

Fig. 8 (a) Force-displacement curves of SiC fibre tows at different temperatures; (b) Room-temperature tensile strength of sizing-removed fibre tows at different gauge lengths Colorful figures are available on website

图9 采用热端夹持法在不同温度下拉伸测试后的SiC纤维(a) XRD图谱和(b)晶粒尺寸

Fig. 9 (a) XRD patterns and (b) grain size of SiC fibres after tensile test at different temperatures by hot-end gripped method

图10 热端夹持法在1400~2000 ℃下拉伸测试后的纤维表面SEM照片

Fig. 10 SEM images of SiC fibres after tensile test at 1400-2000 ℃ by hot-end gripped method (a) 1400 ℃; (b) 1700 ℃; (c) 1800 ℃; (d) 2000 ℃

图11 SiC纤维经高温拉伸测试后的(a, c) TEM和(b, d)高分辨TEM照片

Fig. 11 (a, c) TEM and (b, d) high resolution TEM images of SiC fibres after high-temperature tensile test (a, b) 1200 ℃; (c, d) 2000 ℃

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SiC纤维室温至2000 ℃的拉伸性能与微观结构演变

Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolution of SiC Fibres from Room Temperature to 2000 ℃

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