基于挥发性溶剂制备MAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池/模组

doi:10.15541/jim20240138

无机材料学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1197-1204.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240138 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20240138

所属专题：【能源环境】钙钛矿(202409)；【能源环境】太阳能电池(202409)

基于挥发性溶剂制备MAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池/模组

周泽铸¹(), 梁子辉¹^,², 李静¹(), 吴聪聪¹()

1.湖北大学材料科学与工程学院, 武汉 430062
2.武汉纺织大学先进纺纱织造及清洁生产国家地方联合工程实验室, 武汉 430073

收稿日期:2024-03-21 修回日期:2024-06-17 出版日期:2024-11-20 网络出版日期:2024-07-03
通讯作者: 吴聪聪, 教授. E-mail: ccwu@hubu.edu.cn;
李静, 实验师. E-mail: lijing68@hubu.edu.cn
作者简介:周泽铸(1995-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: zhouzezhu@stu.hubu.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省重点研发计划(2022BAA096);湖北省科技创新人才计划(2023DJC081)

Preparation of MAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells/Module via Volatile Solvents

ZHOU Zezhu¹(), LIANG Zihui¹^,², LI Jing¹(), WU Congcong¹()

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
2. National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China

Received:2024-03-21 Revised:2024-06-17 Published:2024-11-20 Online:2024-07-03
Contact: WU Congcong, professor. E-mail: ccwu@hubu.edu.cn;
LI Jing, experimentalist. E-mail: lijing68@hubu.edu.cn
About author:ZHOU Zezhu (1995-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: zhouzezhu@stu.hubu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BAA096);Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Plan Project(2023DJC081)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

制备大面积、高效率的钙钛矿太阳能电池模组(PSM)是钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)产业化的关键步骤。使用挥发性溶剂的钙钛矿前驱体溶液在形成液膜后, 溶剂可以迅速自行蒸发, 无需添加反溶剂、退火等后处理过程, 极大简化了工艺流程, 更加适合工业化生产。然而, 挥发性溶剂体系制备的钙钛矿薄膜结晶速率过快, 生成的钙钛矿晶粒尺寸偏小, 且薄膜的缺陷态密度较高, 这造成制备的器件效率和稳定性较差。本研究设计了一种由甲胺/乙腈(MA/ACN)组成的挥发性溶剂体系, 制备了MAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池/模组, 并在钙钛矿前驱体溶液中添加了适量的PbCl₂, 用于延缓结晶并钝化晶界缺陷。使用这种方法制备的0.06 cm²小面积器件的光电转换效率(PCE)最高达到21.21%, 并且稳定性较好, 基于此工艺制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池模组的PCE达到18.89%。本研究为钙钛矿太阳能电池的大规模工业化生产提供了一种新的思路。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, MAPbI₃, 挥发性溶剂, 大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池模组

Abstract:

The fabrication of large-area, high-efficiency perovskite solar cell module (PSM) represents a pivotal stage in the industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Leveraging volatile solvents within perovskite precursors is a streamlined approach which offers distinct advantages in the industrialization trajectory of PSCs, but often exhibits accelerated crystallization kinetics, diminutive grain dimensions and elevated defect densities within the films, consequently compromising device efficiency and stability. This study devised a volatile solvent system comprising methylamine/acetonitrile (MA/ACN) for the production of MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells/module. Incorporation of an optimal quantity of PbCl₂ into the perovskite precursor solution served to retard crystallization kinetics and passivate grain boundary imperfections. Notably, small-area device fabricated via this methodology demonstrated a peak photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.21%, alongside enhanced operational stability. Furthermore, PSM engineered through this approach achieved a PCE of 18.89%. This study presents a novel paradigm for advancing the large-scale industrial manufacturing of PSCs.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, MAPbI₃, volatile solvent, large-scale perovskite solar cell module

中图分类号:

O649

周泽铸, 梁子辉, 李静, 吴聪聪. 基于挥发性溶剂制备MAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池/模组[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(11): 1197-1204.

ZHOU Zezhu, LIANG Zihui, LI Jing, WU Congcong. Preparation of MAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells/Module via Volatile Solvents[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(11): 1197-1204.

图/表 10

图1 PVK-0PbCl2和PVK-5PbCl2的表面形貌及物相结构

Fig. 1 Surface morphologies and phase structures of PVK-0PbCl2 and PVK-5PbCl2 (a, b) SEM images of PVK-0PbCl2 and PVK-5PbCl2; (c) EDS mappings of PVK-5PbCl2; (d) Histogram of particle size distribution; (e) XRD patterns of PVK-0PbCl2 and PVK-5PbCl2; (f) UV-Vis absorption spectra of PVK-0PbCl2 and PVK-5PbCl2 Colorful figures are available on website

图2 PVK-0PbCl2和PVK-5PbCl2的光伏性能

Fig. 2 Photovoltaic properties of PVK-0PbCl2 and PVK-5PbCl2 (a) PL spectra; (b) TRPL spectra; (c) SCLC curves; (d) Dark state J-V curves; (e) Conductivity; (f) Nyquist plots Colorful figures are available on website

图3 添加不同PbCl2含量PSCs的光伏性能

Fig. 3 Photovoltaic performance of PSCs with different PbCl2 additions (a) Schematic diagram and cross-sectional SEM image of PSC; (b1-b4) Photovoltaic parameters of PSCs with different PbCl2 additions; (c) Forward and reverse sweep J-V curves of PSC-0PbCl2 and PSC-5PbCl2; (d) EQE spectra of PSC-5PbCl2; (e) SPO curves of PSC-5PbCl2; (f) Stability tests of PSC-0PbCl2 and PSC-5PbCl2

图4 5 cm×5 cm PSM的光伏性能及大面积钙钛矿薄膜的均匀性

Fig. 4 Photovoltaic performance of 5 cm×5 cm PSM and uniformity of large-area perovskite film (a) Structure diagram and physical images; (b) I-V and P-V curves of the PSM with champion efficiency; (c) SPO curve; (d) UV-Vis absorption spectra and (e) XRD patterns of different sub-films; (f) PL intensity distribution mapping. Colorful figures are available on website

图S1 PSC-0PbCl2与PSC-5PbCl2的EQEEL曲线

Fig. S1 EQEEL curves of PSC-0PbCl2 and PSC-5PbCl2

图S2 归一化计算得到的径向晶粒尺寸分布图

Fig. S2 Normalized calculated radial grain size distribution map

图S3 5 cm×5 cm钙钛矿薄膜不同位置的表面、截面SEM照片及粒径统计

Fig. S3 Surface and cross-sectional SEM images, and crystallite size distribution histogram for different positions on a 5 cm×5 cm thin film

表S1 添加不同PbCl2含量PSCs的光伏性能参数

Table S1 Photovoltaic parameters of PSCs with different PbCl2 additions

Sample		PCE/%	FF/%	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)
PSC-0PbCl₂	Average	18.26	74.26	1.04	23.48
PSC-0PbCl₂	Champion	19.31	77.40	1.02	24.35
PSC-2.5PbCl₂	Average	19.11	75.87	1.07	23.65
PSC-2.5PbCl₂	Champion	20.17	76.70	1.08	24.03
PSC-5PbCl₂	Average	20.35	77.72	1.08	24.20
PSC-5PbCl₂	Champion	21.21	79.70	1.08	24.72
PSC-7.5PbCl₂	Average	19.23	76.25	1.07	23.61
PSC-7.5PbCl₂	Champion	20.37	78.10	1.08	24.21

表S2 PSC-0PbCl2与PSC-5PbCl2的VOC损失分析

Table S2 VOC loss analysis of PSC-0PbCl2 and PSC-5PbCl2

Sample	EQE_EL/%	∆V_OC/V^*
PSC-0PbCl₂	1.03×10^-4	0.268
PSC-5PbCl₂	2.02×10^-5	0.226

表S3 本研究与其他MA/ACN溶剂体系PSCs/PSM研究的效率对比

Table S3 Comparison of the reported photovoltaic performance of MA/ACN solvent system PSCs/PSM

Ref.	Year	PCE_PSC/%	PCE_PSM/%
[S1]	2015	15.1	-
[S2]	2017	19.0	-
[S3]	2017	15.9	-
[S4]	2018	16.32	-
[S5]	2019	17.82	-
[S6]	2019	18.4	-
[S7]	2020	23.1	-
[S8]	2020	20.78	-
[S9]	2021	19.67	-
[S10]	2022	19.6	-
[S11]	2022	19.14	17.12 (15 cm²)
[S12]	2023	21.04	19.03 (70 cm²)
This work	2024	21.21	18.89 (14.88 cm²)

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基于挥发性溶剂制备MAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池/模组

Preparation of MAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells/Module via Volatile Solvents

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