氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

doi:10.15541/jim20220155

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 213-218.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220155

氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

张万文¹(), 罗建强¹(), 刘淑娟¹, 马建国¹, 张小平¹, 杨松旺²()

1.东华理工大学江西省合成化学重点实验室, 南昌 330013
2.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 中国科学院能量转换材料重点实验室, 上海 201899

收稿日期:2022-03-21 修回日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 网络出版日期:2022-08-04
通讯作者: 罗建强, 教授. E-mail: luojianqiang@163.com;
杨松旺, 研究员. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:张万文(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 2352937300@qq.com

Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells

ZHANG Wanwen¹(), LUO Jianqiang¹(), LIU Shujuan¹, MA Jianguo¹, ZHANG Xiaoping¹, YANG Songwang²()

1. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China

Received:2022-03-21 Revised:2022-07-21 Published:2023-02-20 Online:2022-08-04
Contact: LUO Jianqiang, professor. E-mail: luojianqiang@163.com;
YANG Songwang, professor. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:: ZHANG Wanwen (1994-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 2352937300@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation(52162020);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20202BABL203012);Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry(202005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化钛/氧化锆/碳三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells, PSCs)具有原材料廉价、制备工艺易放大和稳定性好等优势, 受到了广泛关注。但三层结构PSCs的低温制备研究进展缓慢, 主要原因之一在于难以在低温条件下构建合适的氧化锆间隔层。本研究以尿素为孔隙率调节剂, 用简单的喷涂法制备多孔氧化锆间隔层用于三层结构PSCs。通过调节喷涂次数优化氧化锆层厚度为1100 nm时, 电池的性能最优, 单电池功率转换效率达到14.7%, 5块电池串联模块(5×0.9 cm×2.5 cm)达到10.8%。PSCs在恒温恒湿箱(25 ℃, 湿度40%)保存200 d, 功率转换效率保持稳定, 没有明显下降。柔性基底上的氧化锆层经50次弯曲测试后保持完整, 未见脱落。与传统的丝网印刷氧化锆间隔层制备方法相比, 本研究的喷涂方法具有方法简便、操作温度低、与柔性基底兼容性好的优点。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 三层结构, 低温, 氧化锆, 喷涂

Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with structure of TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer are attractive recently because of their inexpensive raw materials, scalable fabrication process, and outstanding stability. But little progress has been made in the low temperature fabrication of TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer structured PSCs. A major reason is that it is rather difficult to construct the ZrO₂ spacer layer at low temperature. Herein, we report a facile low-temperature spray-coating method to prepare effective ZrO₂ spacer layer in TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer PSCs using urea to tune the porosity. After optimizing the amount of urea and the thickness of zirconia to 1100 nm, power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 14.7% for a single cell and 10.8% for a module with 5 cells connected in series (5×0.9 cm× 2.5 cm) were achieved. Furthermore, the PSCs could be stable for 200 d at constant temperature (25 ℃) and humidity (40%). With this spray coating method, the zirconia layer on flexible substrate can endure 50 times of bending without any cracking. Compared to the conventional screen-printing method of ZrO₂ spacer layer, the spray-coating alternative developed in this work shows advantages of more convenient to process, preparation under lower temperature, and compatibility to flexible substrate.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, triple-layer structure, low-temperature, zirconia, spray-coating

中图分类号:

TQ174

张万文, 罗建强, 刘淑娟, 马建国, 张小平, 杨松旺. 氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(2): 213-218.

ZHANG Wanwen, LUO Jianqiang, LIU Shujuan, MA Jianguo, ZHANG Xiaoping, YANG Songwang. Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(2): 213-218.

图/表 10

Fig. 1 Structural schematic illustration (a) and energy diagram (b) of TiO2/ZrO2/carbon triple-layer PSCs

Fig. 2 SEM images of the zirconia film prepared by spray- coating without urea (a), with w(zirconia) : w(urea)= 2 : 1 (b) and 1 : 1 (c), cross-sectional SEM images of PSCs containing zirconia layer prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)= 2 : 1(d) and 1 : 1 (e) Circled areas in (d) are not completely filled

Fig. 3 J-V curves of PSCs prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)=2 : 1 and 1 : 1(a), and J-V curves from forward and reverse scanning of PSC prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)=1 : 1 (Zirconia layer thickness at ~1000 nm) (b)

Fig. 4 J-V curves of the triple-layer PSCs with spray-coated and screen-printed zirconia layer(a), IPCE spectrum and corresponding integrated current density of the PSC with 1100 nm thick zirconia layer(b), PCE distribution of 30 chips with three different thicknesses of zirconia layer(c), and stabilized power output of PSCs with optimized spray-coated zirconia layer (d)

Fig. 5 Schematic illustration (a) and photograph (b) of the bending zirconia film on PET

Fig. 6 Stability performance of PSCs with screen-printed and spray-coated zirconia layer

Fig. S1 Picture of 30 cells on a hotplate with active area of 0.6 cm×0.8 cm

Fig. S2 (a) TEM image and (b) XRD pattern of the zirconia nanoparticles

Fig. S3 Cross-sectional SEM images of PSCs before filling perovskite with the zirconia thickness of (a, b) 750, (c, d) 1100 nm and (e, f) 1500 nm（(a, c, e) before and (b, d, f) after filling perovkite）

Fig. S4 (a) J-V curves of the cell with different illumination areas with inset showing the tested cell photograph; (b) J-V curve of PSCs module with five cells connected in series with inset showing the tested cell photograph

参考文献 33

[1]	KOJIMA A, TESHIMA K, SHIRAI Y, et al. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(17): 6050. DOI PMID
[2]	LEE M M, TEUSCHER J, MIYASAKA T, et al. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science, 2012, 338(6107): 643. DOI PMID
[3]	BURSCHKA J, PELLET N, MOON S J, et al. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature, 2013, 499(7458): 316. DOI URL
[4]	HUANG L, ZHOU X, XUE R, et al. Low-temperature growing anatase TiO₂/SnO₂ multi-dimensional heterojunctions at MXene conductive network for high-efficient perovskite solar cells. Nanomicro Lett., 2020, 12(1): 44.
[5]	PATIL P, MANN D S, NAKATE U T, et al. Hybrid interfacial ETL engineering using PCBM-SnS₂ for high-performance p-i-n structured planar perovskite solar cells. Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 397: 125504. DOI URL
[6]	JUNG E H, JEON N J, PARK E Y, et al. Efficient, stable and scalable perovskite solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene). Nature, 2019, 567(7749): 511. DOI URL
[7]	PARK M, CHO W, LEE G, et al. Highly reproducible large-area perovskite solar cell fabrication via continuous megasonic spray coating of CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Small, 2019, 15(1): 1804005. DOI URL
[8]	MCMEEKIN D P, MAHESH S, NOEL N K, et al. Solution- processed all-perovskite multi-junction solar cells. Joule, 2019, 3(2): 387. DOI URL
[9]	YOO J J, SEO G, CHUA M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590(7847): 587. DOI URL
[10]	MEI A, LI X, LIU L, et al. A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability. Science, 2014, 345(6194): 295. DOI PMID
[11]	TAN H, JAIN A, VOZNYY O, et al. Efficient and stable solution- processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation. Science, 2017, 355(6326): 722. DOI URL
[12]	LIU X, CHENG Y, LIU C, et al. 20.7% highly reproducible inverted planar perovskite solar cells with enhanced fill factor and eliminated hysteresis. Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12(5): 1622. DOI URL
[13]	ZHOU Z, LIAN H J, XIE J, et al. Non-selective adsorption of organic cations enables conformal surface capping of perovskite grains for stabilized photovoltaic operation. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2022, 3(2): 100760. DOI URL
[14]	LIU X, LIAN H, ZHOU Z, et al. Stoichiometric dissolution of defective CsPbI₂Br surfaces for inorganic solar cells with 17.5% efficiency. Adv. Energy. Mater., 2022, 12(14): 2103933. DOI URL
[15]	RONG Y, HU Y, MEI A, et al. Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells. Science, 2018, 361(6408): eaat8235. DOI URL
[16]	LUO J, YANG H B, ZHUANG M, et al. Making fully printed perovskite solar cells stable outdoor with inorganic superhydrophobic coating. J. Energy Chem., 2020, 50: 332. DOI URL
[17]	YANG K, LIU S, DU J K, et al. Improving hole-conductor-free fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells' performance with enhanced open-circuit voltage via the octyltrimethylammonium chloride additive. Solar RRL, 2021, 5(4): 2000825. DOI URL
[18]	WANG Y, ZHANG T, XU F, et al. A facile low temperature fabrication of high performance CsPbI₂Br all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Solar RRL, 2018, 2(1): 1700180. DOI URL
[19]	HU L, ZHAO Q, HUANG S, et al. Flexible and efficient perovskite quantum dot solar cells via hybrid interfacial architecture. Nat. Commun., 2021, 12(1): 466. DOI URL
[20]	YANG D, YANG R, ZHANG J, et al. High efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells using superior low temperature TiO₂. Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8(11): 3208. DOI URL
[21]	DAGAR J, CASTRO-HERMOSA S, GASBARRI M, et al. Efficient fully laser-patterned flexible perovskite modules and solar cells based on low-temperature solution-processed SnO₂/mesoporous-TiO₂ electron transport layers. Nano Research, 2018, 11(5): 2669. DOI URL
[22]	YANG D, YANG R, PRIYA S, et al. Recent advances in flexible perovskite solar cells: fabrication and applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58(14): 4466. DOI PMID
[23]	MATSUI T, SEO J Y, SALIBA M, et al. Room-temperature formation of highly crystalline multication perovskites for efficient, low-cost solar cells. Adv. Mater., 2017, 29(15): 1606258. DOI URL
[24]	DI GIACOMO F, FAKHARUDDIN A, JOSE R, et al. Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9(10): 3007. DOI URL
[25]	HAQUE S A, PALOMARES E, UPADHYAYA H M, et al. Flexible dye sensitised nanocrystalline semiconductor solar cells. Chem. Commun., 2003, (24): 3008.
[26]	JIANG P, JONES T W, DUFFY N W, et al. Fully printable perovskite solar cells with highly-conductive, low-temperature, perovskite- compatible carbon electrode. Carbon, 2018, 129: 830. DOI URL
[27]	LUO J, CHEN J, WU B, et al. Surface rutilization of anatase TiO₂ for efficient electron extraction and stable P_max output of perovskite solar cells. Chem, 2018, 4(4): 911. DOI URL
[28]	RONG Y, HOU X, HU Y, et al. Synergy of ammonium chloride and moisture on perovskite crystallization for efficient printable mesoscopic solar cells. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8: 14555. DOI PMID
[29]	ZHANG Y H, LI Y. Interface materials for perovskite solar cells. Rare Met., 2021, 40(11): 2993. DOI URL
[30]	CHANG J H, LIU K, LIN S Y, et al. Solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(4): 1104. DOI URL
[31]	DENG Y, PENG E, SHAO Y, et al. Scalable fabrication of efficient organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells with doctor-bladed active layers. Energy Environ Sci, 2015, 8(5): 1544. DOI URL
[32]	WU Y, YANG X, CHEN W, et al. Perovskite solar cells with 18.21% efficiency and area over 1 cm² fabricated by heterojunction engineering. Nat Energy, 2016, 1(11): 16148. DOI URL
[33]	KIERMASCH D, GIL-ESCRIG L, BOLINK H J, et al. effects of masking on open-circuit voltage and fill factor in solar cells. Joule, 2019, 3(1): 16. DOI URL

氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 33

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	罗淑文, 马名生, 刘峰, 刘志甫. Ca-B-Si体系LTCC材料腐蚀行为及腐蚀机理[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(5): 553-560.
[2]	郭春霞, 陈伟东, 闫淑芳, 赵学平, 杨傲, 马文. 埃洛石纳米管负载锆氧化物吸附水中砷的研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(5): 529-536.
[3]	潘洋洋, 梁波, 洪督, 祁志祥, 牛亚然, 郑学斌. TiAl合金表面TiAlCrY/YSZ涂层高温长时间服役性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(1): 105-112.
[4]	韦婷婷, 徐华蕊, 朱归胜, 龙神峰, 张秀云, 赵昀云, 江旭鹏, 宋金杰, 郭宁杰, 龚祎鹏. BaTiO₃陶瓷的低温冷烧结制备及性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(8): 903-910.
[5]	洪督, 牛亚然, 李红, 钟鑫, 郑学斌. 等离子喷涂TiC-Graphite复合涂层摩擦磨损性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(6): 643-650.
[6]	王亚宁, 张玉琪, 宋索成, 陈若梦, 刘亚雄, 段玉岗. 氧化锆陶瓷扫描光固化成形与脱脂烧结工艺研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(3): 303-309.
[7]	陈亚玲, 舒松, 王劭鑫, 李建军. Mn-HAP基低温SCR催化剂的制备及抗硫中毒性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(10): 1065-1072.
[8]	杨新月, 董庆顺, 赵伟冬, 史彦涛. 基于对氯苄胺的2D/3D钙钛矿太阳能电池[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(1): 72-78.
[9]	张力, 杨现锋, 徐协文, 郭金玉, 周哲, 刘鹏, 谢志鹏. 熔融沉积法3D打印制备氧化锆陶瓷及其力学性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(4): 436-442.
[10]	王艳香, 高培养, 范学运, 李家科, 郭平春, 黄丽群, 孙健. SnO₂退火温度对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(2): 168-174.
[11]	牟庭海, 许文涛, 凌军荣, 董天文, 秦梓轩, 周有福. 微波烧结制备ZrO₂-AlN复合陶瓷的微观结构与性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(11): 1231-1236.
[12]	曹丹,周明扬,刘志军,颜晓敏,刘江. 阳极支撑质子导体电解质固体氧化物燃料电池的制备及其性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(9): 1047-1052.
[13]	张晓旭,朱东彬,梁金生. 齿科氧化锆陶瓷水热稳定性研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(7): 759-768.
[14]	于守武, 赵泽文, 赵晋津, 肖淑娟, 师岩, 高存法, 苏晓, 胡宇翔, 赵智胜, 王婕, 王连洲. 新型光伏储电原位集成电池研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(6): 623-632.
[15]	代钊,王铭,王双,李静,陈翔,汪大林,祝迎春. 氧化锆基微量元素共掺杂羟基磷灰石增韧涂层研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(2): 179-186.