氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

doi:10.15541/jim20220155

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 213-218.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220155 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20220155

所属专题：【信息功能】柔性材料(202409)；【能源环境】钙钛矿(202409)；【能源环境】太阳能电池(202409)

氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

张万文¹(), 罗建强¹(), 刘淑娟¹, 马建国¹, 张小平¹, 杨松旺²()

1.东华理工大学江西省合成化学重点实验室, 南昌 330013
2.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 中国科学院能量转换材料重点实验室, 上海 201899

收稿日期:2022-03-21 修回日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 网络出版日期:2022-08-04
通讯作者: 罗建强, 教授. E-mail: luojianqiang@163.com;
杨松旺, 研究员. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:张万文(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 2352937300@qq.com

Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells

ZHANG Wanwen¹(), LUO Jianqiang¹(), LIU Shujuan¹, MA Jianguo¹, ZHANG Xiaoping¹, YANG Songwang²()

1. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China

Received:2022-03-21 Revised:2022-07-21 Published:2023-02-20 Online:2022-08-04
Contact: LUO Jianqiang, professor. E-mail: luojianqiang@163.com;
YANG Songwang, professor. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:: ZHANG Wanwen (1994-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 2352937300@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation(52162020);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20202BABL203012);Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry(202005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化钛/氧化锆/碳三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells, PSCs)具有原材料廉价、制备工艺易放大和稳定性好等优势, 受到了广泛关注。但三层结构PSCs的低温制备研究进展缓慢, 主要原因之一在于难以在低温条件下构建合适的氧化锆间隔层。本研究以尿素为孔隙率调节剂, 用简单的喷涂法制备多孔氧化锆间隔层用于三层结构PSCs。通过调节喷涂次数优化氧化锆层厚度为1100 nm时, 电池的性能最优, 单电池功率转换效率达到14.7%, 5块电池串联模块(5×0.9 cm×2.5 cm)达到10.8%。PSCs在恒温恒湿箱(25 ℃, 湿度40%)保存200 d, 功率转换效率保持稳定, 没有明显下降。柔性基底上的氧化锆层经50次弯曲测试后保持完整, 未见脱落。与传统的丝网印刷氧化锆间隔层制备方法相比, 本研究的喷涂方法具有方法简便、操作温度低、与柔性基底兼容性好的优点。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 三层结构, 低温, 氧化锆, 喷涂

Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with structure of TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer are attractive recently because of their inexpensive raw materials, scalable fabrication process, and outstanding stability. But little progress has been made in the low temperature fabrication of TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer structured PSCs. A major reason is that it is rather difficult to construct the ZrO₂ spacer layer at low temperature. Herein, we report a facile low-temperature spray-coating method to prepare effective ZrO₂ spacer layer in TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon triple-layer PSCs using urea to tune the porosity. After optimizing the amount of urea and the thickness of zirconia to 1100 nm, power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 14.7% for a single cell and 10.8% for a module with 5 cells connected in series (5×0.9 cm× 2.5 cm) were achieved. Furthermore, the PSCs could be stable for 200 d at constant temperature (25 ℃) and humidity (40%). With this spray coating method, the zirconia layer on flexible substrate can endure 50 times of bending without any cracking. Compared to the conventional screen-printing method of ZrO₂ spacer layer, the spray-coating alternative developed in this work shows advantages of more convenient to process, preparation under lower temperature, and compatibility to flexible substrate.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, triple-layer structure, low-temperature, zirconia, spray-coating

中图分类号:

TQ174

张万文, 罗建强, 刘淑娟, 马建国, 张小平, 杨松旺. 氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(2): 213-218.

ZHANG Wanwen, LUO Jianqiang, LIU Shujuan, MA Jianguo, ZHANG Xiaoping, YANG Songwang. Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(2): 213-218.

图/表 10

Fig. 1 Structural schematic illustration (a) and energy diagram (b) of TiO2/ZrO2/carbon triple-layer PSCs

Fig. 2 SEM images of the zirconia film prepared by spray- coating without urea (a), with w(zirconia) : w(urea)= 2 : 1 (b) and 1 : 1 (c), cross-sectional SEM images of PSCs containing zirconia layer prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)= 2 : 1(d) and 1 : 1 (e) Circled areas in (d) are not completely filled

Fig. 3 J-V curves of PSCs prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)=2 : 1 and 1 : 1(a), and J-V curves from forward and reverse scanning of PSC prepared with w(zirconia) : w(urea)=1 : 1 (Zirconia layer thickness at ~1000 nm) (b)

Fig. 4 J-V curves of the triple-layer PSCs with spray-coated and screen-printed zirconia layer(a), IPCE spectrum and corresponding integrated current density of the PSC with 1100 nm thick zirconia layer(b), PCE distribution of 30 chips with three different thicknesses of zirconia layer(c), and stabilized power output of PSCs with optimized spray-coated zirconia layer (d)

Fig. 5 Schematic illustration (a) and photograph (b) of the bending zirconia film on PET

Fig. 6 Stability performance of PSCs with screen-printed and spray-coated zirconia layer

Fig. S1 Picture of 30 cells on a hotplate with active area of 0.6 cm×0.8 cm

Fig. S2 (a) TEM image and (b) XRD pattern of the zirconia nanoparticles

Fig. S3 Cross-sectional SEM images of PSCs before filling perovskite with the zirconia thickness of (a, b) 750, (c, d) 1100 nm and (e, f) 1500 nm（(a, c, e) before and (b, d, f) after filling perovkite）

Fig. S4 (a) J-V curves of the cell with different illumination areas with inset showing the tested cell photograph; (b) J-V curve of PSCs module with five cells connected in series with inset showing the tested cell photograph

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氧化锆间隔层的低温喷涂制备及其三层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池应用性能

Zirconia Spacer: Preparation by Low Temperature Spray-coating and Application in Triple-layer Perovskite Solar Cells

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