NiOx介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20230002

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 1103-1109.DOI: 10.15541/jim20230002 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20230002

所属专题：【能源环境】钙钛矿(202409)；【能源环境】太阳能电池(202409)

NiO_x介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

方万丽¹^,²(), 沈黎丽², 李海艳², 陈薪羽², 陈宗琦², 寿春晖³, 赵斌¹(), 杨松旺¹^,²^,⁴()

1.上海理工大学材料与化学学院, 上海 200093
2.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 中国科学院能量转换材料重点实验室, 上海 201899
3.浙江省能源集团有限公司浙江省太阳能利用与节能技术重点实验室, 杭州 310003
4.中国科学院大学材料科学与光电工程中心, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-01-01 修回日期:2023-04-11 出版日期:2023-09-20 网络出版日期:2023-05-04
通讯作者: 赵斌, 教授. E-mail: zhaobin@usst.edu.cn;
杨松旺, 研究员. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:方万丽(1997-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: fangwl08@163.com

Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiO_x Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes

FANG Wanli¹^,²(), SHEN Lili², LI Haiyan², CHEN Xinyu², CHEN Zongqi², SHOU Chunhui³, ZHAO Bin¹(), YANG Songwang¹^,²^,⁴()

1. School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
3. Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization & Energy Saving Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Energy Group R&D, Hangzhou 310003, China
4. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-01-01 Revised:2023-04-11 Published:2023-09-20 Online:2023-05-04
Contact: ZHAO Bin, professor. E-mail: zhaobin@usst.edu.cn;
YANG Songwang, professor. E-mail: swyang@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:FANG Wanli (1997-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: fangwl08@163.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1445700);The Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C04009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池(C-PSCs)具有稳定性好且成本低的优势, 展现出广阔的应用前景。本研究基于MAPbI₃材料, 选择高质量的NiO_x介孔层作为空穴传输层(HTL), 对比了NiO_x介孔层不同制备方法对电池性能的影响, 并对NiO_x介孔层的厚度进行优化。研究发现, 与旋涂工艺制备的NiO_x介孔层相比, 丝网印刷工艺制备的介孔层的孔径分布均匀, 可改善钙钛矿(PVK)前体溶液填充在介孔支架中的填充状态。最终得到含HTL的高效率和低滞后的钙钛矿太阳能电池, 其开路电压(V_OC)为910 mV, 光电转换效率(PCE)为14.63%, 认证效率达14.88%。此外, 在空气中储存近900 h, 其PCE没有明显衰减。

关键词: 碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池, NiO_x空穴传输层, 孔分布, 稳定性

Abstract:

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) play an important role in industrialization research due to their stability and low cost. In this work, high-quality NiO_x mesoporous layer was selected as a hole transport layer (HTL) based on MAPbI₃ material to enhance the performance of C-PSCs. The effect of preparation methods of the NiO_x mesoporous layer on the solar cell performance and the optimum thickness of the NiO_x mesoporous layer were investigated. It was found that mesoporous layers prepared by screen-printing process with well-distributed pores facilitated the filling of perovskite (PVK) precursor solution in the underlayer mesoporous scaffold. Finally, an HTL-contained perovskite solar cell with high efficiency and almost negligible hysteresis was achieved, possessing an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 910 mV, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.63%, and certified efficiency reached 14.88%. Moreover, PCE of the solar cell displayed outstanding stability after being stored in air for nearly 900 h.

Key words: carbon-based perovskite solar cell, NiO_x hole transport layer, pore distribution, stability

中图分类号:

TQ174

方万丽, 沈黎丽, 李海艳, 陈薪羽, 陈宗琦, 寿春晖, 赵斌, 杨松旺. NiO_x介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(9): 1103-1109.

FANG Wanli, SHEN Lili, LI Haiyan, CHEN Xinyu, CHEN Zongqi, SHOU Chunhui, ZHAO Bin, YANG Songwang. Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiO_x Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(9): 1103-1109.

图/表 14

Fig. 1 (a) Schematic illustration and (b) work function of the device, cross-sectional SEM images of C-PSCs: (c) device A, (d) device B and (e) device C, and (f) element distribution in the direction of the white arrow in (e)

Fig. 2 Photographs of NiOx dispersions for (left) spin-coating (SC), for (right) screen-printing (SP) (a) before and (b) after standing for 30 min

Fig. 3 SEM images of (a) ZrO2 mesoporous film, (b) spin- coated and (c) screen-printed NiOx films, and (d) PL spectra for sample A (ZrO2/MAPbI3), sample B (ZrO2/NiOx (spin-coated)/ MAPbI3), and sample C (ZrO2/NiOx(screen-printed)/MAPbI3)

Fig. 4 (a) XRD patterns of MAPbI3 in different devices and (b) local magnified XRD patterns in range of 13.6°-14.6°

Fig. 5 (a-c) J-V curves and (d) incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra and the integrated current density curves of different devices (a) Forward and reverse scans of device A, B and C; (b) Different thicknesses of NiOx layer; (c) The optimum cells of device A and device C; Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 6 (a) J-V curves under dark conditions, (b) light-intensity dependence of VOC (solid line: linear fitting), (c) transient photovoltage (TPV) decay curves, (d) transient photocurrent (TPC) decay curves, (e) Nyquist plots measured in the dark, and (f) Mott-Schottky plots for device A and device C; Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 7 Long-term storage stability of PSCs in air with relative humidity of 30%-40% (a) JSC; (b) VOC; (c) FF; (d) PCE

Fig. S1 XRD pattern of NiOx nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation method

Fig. S2 Low magnification cross-sectional SEM images of (a) device B and (b) device C

Fig. S3 High magnification top-view SEM images of screen- printed (a) ZrO2 and (b) NiOx films

Table S1 Photovoltaic parameters for different devices with an aperture area of 0.07 cm2 under 1 sun (100 mW·cm-2) illumination

Sample	V_OC/V		J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)		FF/%		PCE/%
Sample	Reverse	Forward	Reverse	Forward	Reverse	Forward	Reverse	Forward
Device A	0.779	0.764	23.45	23.38	63.60	55.47	11.62	9.91
Device B	0.822	0.820	23.62	23.56	60.66	60.26	11.78	11.64
Device C	0.904	0.903	23.57	23.56	63.29	62.98	13.49	13.40

Fig. S4 Certified efficiency measurement report of device C

Table S2 Photovoltaic parameters of devices with different thicknesses of screen-printed NiOx layer

Sample	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	FF/%	PCE/%
NiO_x (0.8 μm)	0.898	22.36	61.66	12.38
NiO_x (1.6 μm)	0.932	22.68	62.87	13.28
NiO_x (2.4 μm)	0.939	20.86	54.43	10.66

Table S3 Photovoltaic parameters of device A and C

Device	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	FF/%	PCE/%
Device A	0.840	23.39	61.00	11.95
Device C	0.910	25.04	64.13	14.63

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NiO_x介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiO_x Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes

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NiOx介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiOx Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes

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NiO_x介孔层的成膜过程对碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

Effect of Film Formation Processes of NiO_x Mesoporous Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes