功能梯度阳极固体氧化物燃料电池热应力数值模拟研究

doi:10.15541/jim20240117

无机材料学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1189-1196.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240117 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20240117

所属专题：【能源环境】燃料电池(202409)

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

功能梯度阳极固体氧化物燃料电池热应力数值模拟研究

薛顶喜¹(), 伊炳尧¹, 李国君¹(), 马帅², 刘克勤³

1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院, 热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室, 西安 710049
2.西安比亚迪汽车有限公司, 西安 710049
3.珠海格力钛电器有限公司, 珠海 519040

收稿日期:2024-03-13 修回日期:2024-05-29 出版日期:2024-11-20 网络出版日期:2024-06-24
通讯作者: 李国君, 教授. E-mail: liguojun@xjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:薛顶喜(1997-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: 13636705571@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52176201);珠海市创新创业团队项目(2120004000225)

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Stress in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Functional Gradient Anode

XUE Dingxi¹(), YI Bingyao¹, LI Guojun¹(), MA Shuai², LIU Keqin³

1. MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
2. Xi'an BYD Auto Company Limited, Xi'an 710049, China
3. Gree Altairnano New Energy Inc., Zhuhai 519040, China

Received:2024-03-13 Revised:2024-05-29 Published:2024-11-20 Online:2024-06-24
Contact: LI Guojun, professor. E-mail: liguojun@xjtu.edu.cn
About author:XUE Dingxi (1997-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: 13636705571@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176201);Zhuhai Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(2120004000225)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)各部件间的材料属性差异导致电池在制造和运行过程中应力过高, 使用功能梯度材料电极可以减小SOFC的残余应力和热应力。本研究基于COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0软件建立完整结构的SOFC多物理场耦合模型, 采用四种不同的分布曲线表征阳极材料的组分分布, 对功能梯度阳极SOFC的残余应力和运行热应力进行数值计算。结果表明, 电池在制备过程中, 使用功能梯度材料能显著减小阳极所受的拉应力, 该现象在常温下更加明显。二次曲线分布相比于无梯度分布, 还原前阳极的室温最大拉应力减小47.69%, 还原后室温最大拉应力减小35.74%。电池在运行过程中, 电化学反应产热和气体对流换热导致入口和出口形成温差, 金属框在出入口以及肋与电极接触的位置存在较大的应力集中现象。功能梯度材料可以显著减小阳极、金属框及电解质所受的最大应力, 其中材料组分为二次曲线分布时效果最明显。本研究对设计制造SOFC具有潜在的理论意义和工程价值。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池, 功能梯度材料, 多物理场耦合, 热应力

Abstract:

Material property differences among components of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) lead to excessive stresses during cell fabrication and operation, among which functional gradient material electrodes have attracted attention for their ability to reduce residual and thermal stresses in SOFC. But so far, there is rare study on SOFC with functional gradient anode using numerical simulation of thermal stress. In this study, a multi-physics field coupling model of SOFC with complete structure was established by COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Based on multi-physics field coupling model and numerical simulation of the residual stresses and thermal stresses in SOFC, four different distribution curves were employed to characterize the component distribution of anode materials. The results show that the tensile stress of anode can be significantly reduced by using functional gradient material during fabrication at different temperatures, especially at room temperature. Compared with non-gradient distribution, the maximum tensile stress of the anode is reduced by 47.69% before reduction and 35.74% after reduction by using quadratic curve distribution. During the operation process, the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction and the convective heat transfer of gas leads to the temperature difference between inlet and outlet, resulting in significant stress concentration at inlet and outlet of the metal frame as well as at contact surface between rib and electrode. Functional gradient materials can significantly reduce the maximum stress on the anode, metal frame and electrolyte, which is particularly obvious when using quadratic curve distribution. Therefore, this research has potential theoretical significance and engineering value for designing and fabricating SOFCs.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell, functional gradient material, multi-physics field coupling, thermal stress

中图分类号:

TK91

薛顶喜, 伊炳尧, 李国君, 马帅, 刘克勤. 功能梯度阳极固体氧化物燃料电池热应力数值模拟研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(11): 1189-1196.

XUE Dingxi, YI Bingyao, LI Guojun, MA Shuai, LIU Keqin. Numerical Simulation of Thermal Stress in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Functional Gradient Anode[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(11): 1189-1196.

图/表 14

图1 燃料电池的几何模型

Fig. 1 Geometric model of the fuel cell

表1 模型的几何尺寸

Table 1 Geometric parameters of the model

Parameter	Value/mm	Description
L×W×H	40×40×4.59	Length, width and height of the SOFC model
h_ASL	0.48	Thickness of anode support layer
h_AFL	0.02	Thickness of anode functional layer
h_EL	0.02	Thickness of electrolyte
h_CFL	0.02	Thickness of cathode functional layer
h_CCCL	0.05	Thickness of cathode current collecting layer
H_ch	1	Height of gas channel
W_ch	6	Width of gas channel

图2 阳极功能梯度材料的分布函数

Fig. 2 Distribution functions of functional gradient materials in anode

表2 模型材料参数[10, 13-17]

Table 2 Material parameters of the model[10, 13-17]

Material	T/K	E/MPa	$\nu $	$\alpha $/(×10^–6, K^–1).
NiO	298	220	0.32	11.70
	1073	220	0.32	14.10
Ni	298	210	0.30	12.48
	1073	171	0.30	16.90
LSM	298	41.3	0.28	11.42
	1073	48.3	0.28	12.70
8YSZ	298	206	0.31	8.37
	1073	145	0.31	10.50
Frame	298	216	0.30	10.06
	1073	92	0.30	11.87

图3 Ni体积分数对TPB密度的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of Ni volume fraction on TPB density

图4 模型中电解质的残余应力分布

Fig. 4 Distribution of residual stress in electrolyte based on model

图5 仿真和实验结果[20]的极化曲线

Fig. 5 Polarization curves of simulation and experiment[20]

图6 SOFC烧结过程示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic of SOFC sintering process

图7 阳极在不同制备过程中的第一主应力

Fig. 7 First principal stresses of anode in different preparation processes (a) NiO-1373 K; (b) NiO-298 K; (c) Ni-1173 K; (d) Ni-298 K

图8 (a)阳极、(b)阴极及(c)电解质的最大残余应力

Fig. 8 Maximum residual stresses in (a) anode, (b) cathode and (c) electrolyte Horizontal coordinates correspond to the sintering steps in Fig. 6

图9 电池在运行过程中的温度分布

Fig. 9 Temperature distribution of the cell during operation

图10 电池在运行过程中金属框的应力分布

Fig. 10 Stress distribution in the metal frame of the cell during operation

图11 阳极界面沿y轴方向的第一主应力

Fig. 11 First principal stress at the anode interface along y axis

图12 不同梯度条件下SOFC的最大残余应力

Fig. 12 Maximum residual stresses in SOFC under different gradient conditions (a) Maximum stresses in metal frame and anode; (b) Maximum stresses in cathode and electrolyte

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功能梯度阳极固体氧化物燃料电池热应力数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Stress in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Functional Gradient Anode

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