图1 压电半导体的结构特点[24]

Fig. 1 Structural characteristics of piezoelectric semiconductors[24] (a,b) Crystal structures of (a) perovskite BaTiO3 and (b) wurtzite ZnO; (c) Influence of stacking on the piezoelectric effect of MoS2 at crystal structure of (i) single-layer, (ii) 2H and (iii) 3R

图2 空化效应与声致发光[25]

Fig. 2 Cavitation effect and sonoluminescence (SL)[25] (a) Schematic of cavitation effect with ultrasound; (b) Illustration of SL-excited photocatalysis

图3 压电催化示意图[32]

Fig. 3 Schematic of piezocatalysis[32] (a) Original electrostatic balance state of a poled piezoelectric material; (b) Charge release and ROS production under stress; (c) Modified electrostatic balance state under maximum stress; (d) Adsorption of charges from the surrounding electrolyte under reduced stress, and the opposite charges in the electrolyte are involved in ROS production

图4 压电光电子学效应对载流子迁移的影响[34]

Fig. 4 Influence of piezo-phototronic effect on carrier migration[34] (a) Semiconductor-electrolyte; (b) Metal-semiconductor; (c) Type-II; (d) Z-scheme CB: Conduction band; VB: Valence band; SC: Semiconductor

图5 压电半导体纳米材料超声条件下的能带倾斜增强SDT抗肿瘤应用[39⇓-41]

Fig. 5 Anti-tumor application of piezoelectric semiconductor nanomaterials in SDT enhanced by band tilt under ultrasound irradiation[39⇓-41] (a, b)Band structures of (a) black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets[39] and (b) T-BaTiO3 nanoparticles[40]; (c) Bi2MoO6 nanorods (BMO NRs) and GSH-activated BMO NRs (GBMO NRs) and their ROS generation under ultrasonic irradiation[41];CB: Conduction band; VB: Valence band; RHE: Relative hyedrogen electrode; NHE: Normal hydrogen electrode

图6 在压电半导体纳米材料上构建异质结或引入缺陷来提高SDT效率[42-43]

Fig. 6 Efficiency of SDT improved by constructing heterojunction or introducing defects on piezoelectric semiconductor nanomaterials[42-43] (a) i: Schematic diagram of the preparation and SDT treatment with Au@BP, ii: Time-dependent fluorescence of singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) under ultrasound irradiation, iii: Intracellular ROS level after different treatments[42] with (1-6) indicate blank, ultrasound, BP nanosheets, Au@BP nanohybrids, BP nanosheets with ultrasound, and Au@BP nanohybrids with ultrasound, respectively; (b) i: Schematic illustration of D-ZnOx:Gd under ultrasound irradiation, ii: Strucure of defect-free ZnO and defect-rich D-ZnOx:Gd and their adsorption energies with O2 and H2O [43] BP: Black phosphorus; CB: Conduction band; VB: Valence band

图7 压电半导体纳米材料在抗菌中的应用[44-45]

Fig. 7 Application of piezoelectric semiconductor nanomaterials in anti-bacterial[44-45] (a) i: HRTEM image of WS2 NFs, ii: Piezo force microscopy image and 3D piezoelectric potential image of WS2 NFs, iii: •OH and 1O2 were measured by electron spin-resonance spectroscopy (EPR), iv: Antibacterial properties of WS2 NFs against E. coli after ultrasound treatment; (b) Sonodynamic mechanism of porphyrin-based hollow metal-organic framework-MoS2 (HNTM-MoS2) and therapy on osteomyelitis; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; LUMO: Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; HOMO: Highest occupied molecular orbital; HNTM: Hollow metal-organic framework; RBC: Red blood cell; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β

图8 Au@BTO用于抗菌和创口修复[46]

Fig. 8 Au@BTO for bacterial elimination and wound healing[46] (a) Mechanism of sonodynamic therapy using Au@BTO under ultrasound irradiation; (b) Sonodynamic antibacterial effect of Au@BTO against E. coli and S. aureus; (c) Representative photographs of mouse S. aureus infected wounds at different time (d) Representative images of NIH-3T3 cell migration; NHE: Normal hydrogen electrode; US: Ultrasound