无机材料学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 929-935.DOI: 10.15541/jim20200525

所属专题: 【虚拟专辑】锂离子电池(2020~2021)

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

源于溪木贼的高性能锂离子电池三维多孔生物质硅/碳复合负极材料

李昆儒1(), 胡省辉1, 张正富1, 郭玉忠1(), 黄瑞安2()   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 昆明 650093
    2.昆明理工大学 真空冶金国家工程实验室, 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-08 修回日期:2020-11-08 出版日期:2021-09-20 网络出版日期:2020-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 郭玉忠, 教授. E-mail: yzguocn62@sina.com; 黄瑞安, 副教授. E-mail: hruian@siom.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李昆儒(1996-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: likunru@stu.kust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51464025)

Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile

LI Kunru1(), HU Xinghui1, ZHANG Zhengfu1, GUO Yuzhong1(), HUANG Ruian2()   

  1. 1. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
    2. National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received:2020-09-08 Revised:2020-11-08 Published:2021-09-20 Online:2020-12-10
  • Contact: GUO Yuzhong, professor. E-mail: yzguocn62@sina.com; HUANG Ruian, associate professor. E-mail: hruian@siom.ac.cn
  • About author:LI Kunru(1996-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: likunru@stu.kust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51464025)

摘要:

锂离子电池硅基负极材料的理论比容量比传统石墨材料高10倍, 是最有前途的锂离子电池负极材料之一。然而硅基纳米材料的制备工艺复杂、成本高昂, 严重限制了锂离子电池硅负极的商业应用。本工作采用溪木贼为原料, 通过深度还原、浅度氧化和碳包覆工艺制备了三维多孔生物质硅/碳复合材料(多孔3D-bio-Si/C)。三维多孔结构不仅有利于Li+的快速传输, 而且提供足够的空隙缓解在脱-嵌锂过程中发生的体积变化。得益于三维结构中大量的孔隙和高强度的外部碳层, 多孔3D-bio-Si/C制备的电极表现出优异的电化学性能。当电流密度为1 A/g时, 多孔3D-bio-Si/C的可逆容量为1243.2 mAh/g, 循环400次后仍可保持933.4 mAh/g, 容量保持率高达89%。利用溪木贼作为生物质硅源制备高性能硅基负极材料, 实现了低成本、可规模化、绿色和可持续的合成路线, 有望为Si基锂离子电池负极材料的商业应用打下基础。

关键词: 溪木贼, 锂离子电池, 多孔硅, 硅/碳复合材料, 负极材料

Abstract:

Silicon-based materials are one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their theoretical capacity which is ten times higher than that of conventional graphite. However, the complex fabrication process and the high cost of silicon-based nanomaterials limit their practical application. In this study, equisetum fluviatile was used as raw material to prepare a three-dimensional porous biogenic Si/C composite (3D-bio-Si/C) by deep reduction, mild oxidation and carbon coating processes. The three-dimensional porous structure not only allows rapid diffusion of Li+, but also provides enough voids to accommodate the volume change on Li+ insertion and extraction. Benefiting from the abundant internal porosity and the high-strength outer carbon film of the three-dimensional porous structure, the obtained 3D-bio-Si/C shows remarkable electrochemical performance. This 3D-bio-Si/C can deliver reversible specific capacity of 1243.2 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and maintain 933.4 mAh/g after 400 cycles. This low-cost, scalable, green and sustainable route to synthesize high-performance silicon-based anode material derived from equisetum fluviatile lays a foundation for the commercial preparation of Si based lithium-ion battery anode materials.

Key words: equisetum fluviatile, lithium-ion battery, porous silicon, silicon/carbon composite, anode material

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