钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20150214

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钙钛矿太阳能电池由纳米晶致密层、钙钛矿型光活性层CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X= Cl、Br、I)、空穴传输层及对电极组成。其中光活性层吸光材料的种类及其成膜技术、空穴传输层材料类型及结构设计是影响钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的重要因素。本文结合钙钛矿太阳能电池近年来的最新研究进展, 对影响器件光电性能的关键因素: 光吸收层、空穴传输层、工艺参数以及结构设计等进行综述, 同时展望了钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展趋势。

关键词: 有机/无机杂化钙钛矿吸光材料, 空穴传输层, 工艺参数, 结构设计, 综述

Abstract:

Development of perovskite solar cell is very fast in recent years due to its low cost and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The perovskite solar cell is generally composed by the compact nanocrystalline layer, light absorber CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X= Cl, Br, I), hole transporting layer, and counter electrode. Among these components, the light absorber species and its preparation techniques, hole transporting material species and the structure design of the device are the most important factors, which directly affect the photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells. This paper summarizes the effect of the light-absorbers, hole transport materials, processing parameters, and device structural design on the photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells according to recent research progresses in this field. And the development trends of the perovskite solar cells are proposed.

Key words: organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite light-absorber, hole transporting materials, processing parameters, structure design, review

中图分类号:

TM914

杨英, 高菁, 崔嘉瑞, 郭学益. 钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(11): 1131-1138.

YANG Ying, GAO Jing, CUI Jia-Rui, GUO Xue-Yi. Research Progress of Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(11): 1131-1138.

图/表 5

参考文献 57

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Perovskite light absorber	Compact nanocrystalline layer	Hole transport layer	Counter electrode	η/%	Reference
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	P3HT	Au	4.24	[20]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	D-π-A conjugated copolymer P	Au	6.64	[20]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	-	Pt	6.54	[21]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	PFF	Au	9.40	[23]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	15.0	[3]
CH₃NH₃PbI₂Cl	TiO₂+Al₂O₃	spiro-OMeTAD	Ag	12.3	[26]
CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	TiO₂	P3HT	Au	9.2	[25]
CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	19.3	[5]
CH₃NH₃Pb(I_1-_xBr_x)₃	TiO₂	PTAA	Au	12.3	[30]
(CH₃NH₃)_0.6(HC(NH₂)₂)_0.4Pb₃	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	14.9	[21]

Perovskite light absorber	Compact nanocrystalline layer	Hole transport layer	Counter electrode	η/%	Reference
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	P3HT	Au	4.24	[20]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	D-π-A conjugated copolymer P	Au	6.64	[20]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	-	Pt	6.54	[21]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	PFF	Au	9.40	[23]
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	15.0	[3]
CH₃NH₃PbI₂Cl	TiO₂+Al₂O₃	spiro-OMeTAD	Ag	12.3	[26]
CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	TiO₂	P3HT	Au	9.2	[25]
CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	19.3	[5]
CH₃NH₃Pb(I_1-_xBr_x)₃	TiO₂	PTAA	Au	12.3	[30]
(CH₃NH₃)_0.6(HC(NH₂)₂)_0.4Pb₃	TiO₂	spiro-OMeTAD	Au	14.9	[21]

Deposition methods	Perovskite photoactive absorber	Processing parameters	η/%	Reference
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	CH₃NH₃PbI₃film: spin at 3000 r/min for 20 s, dried at 40℃ for 3 min and 100℃ for 5 min	7.5	[33]
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₂	CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film: spin at 2000 r/min for 60 s dried at 105℃ for 45 min	7.2	[38]
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	CH₃NH₃I:PbCl₂ = 3:1, spin at 2000 r/min for 30 s dried at 90℃ for 60 min and 100℃ for 25 min	19.3	[5]
Two-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	PbI₂ film: spin at 2000 r/min for 30 s dried at 110℃ for 15 min CH₃NH₃I powder is spread on PbI₂ film, dried at 150℃	12.1	[34]
Two-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	PbI₂ film: spin at 3000 r/min for 20 s dried at 40℃ for 3 min and 100℃ for 5 min CH₃NH₃I film: spin at 4000 r/min for 20 s dried at 105℃ for 5 min	13.9	[33]
Dual-source vapor deposition	CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	CH₃NH₃I:PbCl₂ = 3.5:1 CH₃NH₃I film : dried at 120℃ for 5 min PbCl₂ film : dried at 325℃ for 5 min	15	[35]

Deposition methods	Perovskite photoactive absorber	Processing parameters	η/%	Reference
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	CH₃NH₃PbI₃film: spin at 3000 r/min for 20 s, dried at 40℃ for 3 min and 100℃ for 5 min	7.5	[33]
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₂	CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film: spin at 2000 r/min for 60 s dried at 105℃ for 45 min	7.2	[38]
One-step	CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	CH₃NH₃I:PbCl₂ = 3:1, spin at 2000 r/min for 30 s dried at 90℃ for 60 min and 100℃ for 25 min	19.3	[5]
Two-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	PbI₂ film: spin at 2000 r/min for 30 s dried at 110℃ for 15 min CH₃NH₃I powder is spread on PbI₂ film, dried at 150℃	12.1	[34]
Two-step	CH₃NH₃PbI₃	PbI₂ film: spin at 3000 r/min for 20 s dried at 40℃ for 3 min and 100℃ for 5 min CH₃NH₃I film: spin at 4000 r/min for 20 s dried at 105℃ for 5 min	13.9	[33]
Dual-source vapor deposition	CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	CH₃NH₃I:PbCl₂ = 3.5:1 CH₃NH₃I film : dried at 120℃ for 5 min PbCl₂ film : dried at 325℃ for 5 min	15	[35]

Structure of the perovskite solar cell	Hole transport layer	J/(mA·cm^-2)	V_oc/V	η/%	Reference
TCO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/metal	none	22.20	1.030	17.90	[48]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	none	7.38	0.699	3.30	[27]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Al₂O₃/Au	none	10.67	0.789	5.07	[27]
FTO/TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	none	17.80	0.905	10.49	[53]
ITO/TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₂Cl/Au	P3HT	21.30	0.900	10.80	[14]
FTO/TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	Spiro-OMeTAD	16.70	0.855	8.40	[44]
FTO/TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	PTAA	16.50	0.997	12.00	[44]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/Au	Spiro-OMeTAD	12±3	0.84±0.03	8.60	[24]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/Au	P3HT	12±2	0.93±0.06	9.30	[32]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	CuI	17.80	0.550	6.00	[45]
FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Au	CuSCN	19.70	1.016	12.40	[46]
FTO/ CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x/Au	Spiro-OMeTAD	21.97	1.060	14.14	[47]