Facile Synthesis of Au/Pd Nano-dumbells for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol

doi:10.15541/jim20170146

Abstract

Abstract:

Au nanorods (Au NRs) with good monodispersity and uniform aspect ratio were prepared via seed-meditated method. Au/Pd nano-dumbbells (Au/Pd NDs) were synthesized by using H₂PdCl₄ as precursor, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as soft template, Ag⁺as structure-directing agent and ascorbic acid as reduction agent to modify Au NRs. Structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry (UV-Vis-NIR). The formation mechanism of Au/Pd NDs were discussed. The results of Au/Pd NDs samples demonstrated that lots of poly-crystalline Pd particles were deposited onto two ends of Au nanorods selectively to form dumbbell-like structure. The dumbbell size can be continuously tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of AA and H₂PdCl₄. The experiments of reduction of p-nitrophenol by NaBH₄ to p-aminophenol indicate that the sample with good dispersibility and large number of total catalytic active sites of Pd nanoparticles has high catalytic performance. Adding 0.04 mg/mL Au/Pd NDs with suitable Pd particles size (20.7 nm) show excellent catalytic activity (rate constant 0.44 min^-1), indicating it is useful for reducing p-nitrophenol.

Key words: nano-dumbbells, seed-meditated method, p-nitrophenol

CLC Number:

TQ174

YIN Yue-Yue, YANG Yong, ZHANG Liang-Zhu, LI Yong-Sheng, MA Yun-Feng, YANG Li-Li, HUANG Zheng-Ren. Facile Synthesis of Au/Pd Nano-dumbells for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(1): 19-26.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of gold NRs

Fig. 2 Low-resolution TEM and high-resolution TEM images (a) of pure Au NRs and corresponding size distributions (length, width) of Au NRs (b-c)

Fig. 3 TEM images of different Au/Pd NDs AA : Pd=0.1 (a), AA : Pd=0.25 (b), AA : Pd= 0.5 (c) and AA : Pd=1 (d)

Fig. 4 UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of different Au/Pd NDs

Fig. 5 EDS analysis of Au/Pd NDs

Fig. 6 HRTEM images of Au/Pd NDs (AA : Pd=0.5)

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of Au/Pd NDs for effective catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

Fig. 8 UV-Vis absorption spectra of AuNRs (a), different Au/Pd NDs (b-e) for effective catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol, ln(C/C0) against time for the determination of rate constant in presence of AuNRs and Au/Pd NDs for effective catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (f)

Table 1 Catalytic activity comaprison of AuNRs and Au/Pd NDs for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Nature of the catalyts	Size of palladium nanoparticles/nm	Rate constant/min^-1
AuNRs	0	0.02
AA : Pd=0.10	11.4	0.16
AA : Pd=0.25	15.6	0.22
AA : Pd=0.50	20.7	0.38
AA : Pd=1.00	33.6	0.18

Fig. 9 UV-Vis absorption spectra of Au/Pd NDs for effective catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (a-c) and ln (Ct/C0) against time for the determination of rate constant (d)

Table 2 Catalytic activity comaprison of Pd based nanoparticle for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Nature of the catalyst	Rate constant/min^-1	Concentration of catalyst/(mg·mL^-1)	Concentration of 4-NP/(mmol·L^-1)	References
Pd supported on TiO₂ microspheres	0.190	0.070	10.00	[30]
Pd on partially reduced graphene oxide	14.400	0.100	10.00	[31]
Pd immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotube	0.014	0.250	0.06	[32]
Pd stabilized by glycodendrimers in water	0.240	0.240	0.25	[33]
Pd-tipped AuNRs	0.130	0.002	0.40	[17]
Au/Pd NDs	0.440	0.004	10.00	Current study

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