Research Progress of SiC Fiber Reinforced SiC Composites for Nuclear Application

doi:10.15541/jim20220145

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC_f/SiC) composites have become the preferred candidate for structural applications in advanced nuclear energy systems, because of their low neutron toxicity, neutron irradiation tolerance and high-temperature oxidation resistance. In recent years, both academia and industry either domestic or abroad have carried out a lot of researches on SiC_f/SiC composites for nuclear application, and numerous important achievements have been made. This paper summarized and analysed some critical directions of SiC_f/SiC composites for nuclear applications, including nuclear-grade SiC fibers, fibre/matrix interfaces, composite processing, modeling and simulation, corrosion behavior and surface protection, joining technology, as well as radiation damage. The key issues and potential solutions of SiC_f/SiC composites for nuclear applications have been pointed out in account to the requirements, anticipating to be beneficial to promoting further researches and final applications.

Key words: composite material, structural material, nuclear material, silicon carbide, radiation damage, review

CLC Number:

TQ174

OUYANG Qin, WANG Yanfei, XU Jian, LI Yinsheng, PEI Xueliang, MO Gaoming, LI Mian, LI Peng, ZHOU Xiaobing, GE Fangfang, ZHANG Chonghong, HE Liu, YANG Lei, HUANG Zhengren, CHAI Zhifang, ZHAN Wenlong, HUANG Qing. Research Progress of SiC Fiber Reinforced SiC Composites for Nuclear Application[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(8): 821-840.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Key properties of the third-generation SiC fibers for nuclear application[21-23]

	Hi-Nicalon Type S	Tyranno SA
Fiber diameter/μm	12	10
Tow number	800	800
Linear density/(g·km^-1)	195	170
Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	2.85	3.10
Tensile strength/GPa	3.1	2.4
Tensile modulus/GPa	380	380
Si content/(%, in mass)	69	67
C content/(%, in mass)	31	31
O content/(%, in mass)	0.8	<1
C/Si	1.05	1.08
Thermal conductivity/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	24	65

Fig. 1 SEM images of CVI SiC composites reinforced with different SiC fibers after neutron irradiation[9] (a) Hi-Nicalon Type S fiber; (b) Tyranno SA3 fiber

Fig. 2 Interfacial microstructures of SiCf/SiC composites with PyC as a interphase before (a) and after (b) neutron irradiation[35]

Fig. 3 Performance and processing requirements for development of the interphase between fiber and matrix in SiCf/SiC composites for use in high-dose radiation environments[9]

Fig. 4 Schematic illustration of densification process of two types of cladding tubes (a-d) and microstructures of as- obtained three-layer-NWs SiC cladding tube (at low magnification (e) and intrabundle area (f) of the SiCf/SiC composite layer)[66] (a) Preform structure of the three-layer SiC cladding tube before CVI process; (b) Structure of the three-layer SiC cladding tube after CVI process; (c) Preform structure of the three-layer-NWs SiC cladding tube before CVI process; (d) Structure of the three-layer SiCNWs cladding tube after CVI process

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of new graphite mold for preparing tubular SiCf/SiC composites via NITE process (a), and photograph of new graphite mold and tubular specimen (b)[72]

Fig. 6 Cladding tube forming technology (a) Winding technology[88]; (b) Braiding technique[89]; (c) Winding mesostructure[88]; (d) Braided mesostructure[89]

Fig. 7 In-plane damage factors of the braided tube yarn, braided tube matrix, and laminated tube on the hoop direction (a)[88] and safety factor of shear stress of the winding tube and laminated tube (b)[89]

Fig. 8 Pourbaix diagram of SiC in water at 573 K and 15 MPa and are water dissociation lines[96]

Fig. 9 Weight changes of monolithic SiC ceramics in the hydrothermal corrosion environments (a) and corrosion rate of SiC ceramics in simulated PWR coolant environment without irradiation (b)[97]

Fig. 10 Westinghouse duplex SiC cladding tube[103]

Fig. 11 Macrophotographies of the multi-layered SiC composite tubes after corrosion for 60 d[97]

Fig. 12 Optical images of the as-deposited CrN, Cr and TiN coatings on SiC/SiC composite rods (left) and CVD samples (right)[116]

Table 2 Comparison of related properties of several typical MAX phases[158-162]

Material	Vickers hardness/ GPa	Flexural strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	Electrical conductivity/ (×10⁶, S·m^-1)
Ti₃SiC₂	10.4	881(//c-axis)	14.1(//c-axis)	32.4	0.49(//c-axis)
Ti₃AlC₂	9.1	1261(//c-axis)	13.1(//c-axis)	14.6(//c-axis)	1.01(//c-axis)
Ti₂AlC	7.9	735(//c-axis)	8.5(//c-axis)	27	2.5
Nb₄AlC₃	7.0	789(⊥c-axis)	9.3(⊥c-axis)	21.1	0.81

Fig. 13 Low and high magnification back-scattered electron (BSE) images of the SiC/Yb/SiC joints joined at different temperatures[157] (a, f) 1200 ℃; (b, g) 1400 ℃; (c, h) 1500 ℃, (d, i) 1700 ℃; (e, j) 1500 ℃ (dwell time of 15 min)

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