纳米金刚石改性及其在电催化氧还原反应中的应用

doi:10.15541/jim20250135

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氧还原反应(ORR)作为燃料电池和金属空气电池等清洁能源装置的关键阴极反应,反应动力学缓慢,使其实际应用受到了严重制约。虽然铂(Pt)基催化剂具有出色的ORR活性,但其价格昂贵、储量稀缺、稳定性和耐受性差,极大地阻碍了商业化的进程。因此,开发高效、低成本的新型ORR催化剂成为当前研究的重点。纳米金刚石作为新兴碳基材料具有成本低,官能团修饰可控,表面能高(>1000 mJ·m^-2)和独特电子结构,在ORR催化中极具潜力。本文综述了纳米金刚石催化剂的最新研究进展,首先介绍了爆轰法、化学气相沉积法、脉冲激光烧蚀法、高温高压法等制备方法,随后总结杂原子掺杂、表面功能化、材料复合及形貌调控等改性策略,并分析活性中心形成机制与反应路径调控规律,涵盖不同改性策略对催化性能的影响及相关性能数据对比。最后探讨了当前纳米金刚石催化剂在催化机理、合成工艺、表征技术及设计方法等方面面临的挑战,并展望了未来发展方向,为研发新型碳基ORR催化剂提供了参考。

关键词: 纳米金刚石, 化学改性, 电催化, 氧还原反应, 综述

Abstract: Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important cathodic reaction, but its slow reaction kinetics seriously hinders the application of clean energy devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Although platinum (Pt)-based catalysts possess excellent ORR activity, their high cost, scarce reserves, poor stability and tolerance make it difficult to commercialize clean energy technologies based on Pt-based catalysts. To address the above problems, it is urgent to develop new types of catalysts. As an emerging carbon-based material, nanodiamond exhibits broad application prospects in ORR catalysis due to its advantages such as low cost, controllable functional group modification, high surface energy (>1000 mJ·m^-2), and unique π and σ bond configurations. This paper reviews the latest research progress of nanodiamond catalysts. Firstly, preparation methods such as detonation method, chemical vapor deposition method, pulsed laser ablation method, and high-temperature and high-pressure method are introduced. Subsequently, modification strategies including heteroatom doping, surface functionalization, material composite, and morphology regulation are summarized, and the formation mechanism of active centers and the regulation rules of reaction paths are analyzed, covering the influence of different modification strategies on catalytic performance and the comparison of relevant performance data. Finally, the challenges faced by current nanodiamond catalysts in catalytic mechanism, synthesis process, characterization technology, and design methods are discussed, and the future development directions are prospected, providing a reference for the research and development of new carbon-based ORR catalysts.

Key words: nanodiamond, chemical modification, electrocatalysis, oxygen reduction reaction, review

中图分类号:

O646

韦连金, 齐志杰, 汪信, 朱俊武, 付永胜. 纳米金刚石改性及其在电催化氧还原反应中的应用[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250135.

WEI Lianjin, QI Zhijie, WANG Xin, ZHU Junwu, FU Yongsheng. Modification of Nanodiamond and Its Application in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250135.

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