安赛蜜修饰SnO2电子传输层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20250018

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1261-1267.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250018

安赛蜜修饰SnO₂电子传输层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

胡清豪¹(), 刘兴翀¹(), 彭永珊¹, 侯孟君¹, 何堂贵², 汤安民²

1.西南石油大学新能源与材料学院, 成都 610500
2.眉山琏升光伏科技有限公司, 眉山 620200

收稿日期:2025-01-13 修回日期:2025-05-05 出版日期:2025-11-20 网络出版日期:2025-05-22
通讯作者: 刘兴翀, 副教授. E-mail: liuxingchong@126.com
作者简介:胡清豪(1998-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 2073147278@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省科技项目(2024ZDZX0030);成都市科技项目(2024-JB00-00010-GX);四川省产教融合示范项目(Chuan Cai Jiao [2022] No. 106)

Effect of Acesulfame Potassium Modified SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

HU Qinghao¹(), LIU Xingchong¹(), PENG Yongshan¹, HOU Mengjun¹, HE Tanggui², TANG Anmin²

1. School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2. Meishan Leascend Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., Meishan 620200, China

Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-05-05 Published:2025-11-20 Online:2025-05-22
Contact: LIU Xingchong, associate professor. E-mail: liuxingchong@126.com
About author:HU Qinghao (1998-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: 2073147278@qq.com
Supported by:
Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024ZDZX0030);Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2024-JB00-00010-GX);Sichuan Demonstration Project for the Integration of Industry and Education(Chuan Cai Jiao [2022] No. 106)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的电子传输层(ETL)材料, 二氧化锡(SnO₂)表面及晶界处的氧空位缺陷会引发非辐射复合, 从而限制器件效率的进一步提升。本研究提出了一种低成本、高效的安赛蜜(ACE-K)修饰ETL策略。研究结果表明, ACE-K分子中的C=O和S=O与SnO₂表面未配位Sn⁴⁺相互作用, 显著钝化了SnO₂的氧空位缺陷, 薄膜电导率由4.60×10^-6 S·cm^-1提升至6.23×10^-6 S·cm^-1。同时ACE-K修饰改善了SnO₂薄膜的粗糙度(20.6 nm降低至14.0 nm)和润湿性, 为钙钛矿薄膜生长提供了更优质的基底。基于此ETL生长的钙钛矿薄膜晶粒尺寸从970.90 nm增大到1071.20 nm, 且薄膜吸光能力得到增强。空间限制电流(SCLC)测试发现优化后薄膜缺陷密度从4.84×10¹⁶ cm^-3降低至3.83×10¹⁶ cm^-3, 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试也证实载流子输运过程中的非辐射复合得到明显抑制。最终PSCs的光电转换效率(PCE)从19.27%提升至21.60%。此外, 未封装的ACE-K修饰器件在氮气氛围下储存2160 h后, 仍能保持初始效率的91.67%, 展现出优异的长期稳定性。

关键词: 二氧化锡, 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 修饰改性, 缺陷钝化, 安赛蜜

Abstract:

Oxygen vacancy defects at the surface and grain boundaries of tin dioxide (SnO₂), an electron transport layer (ETL) material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), can induce non-radiative recombination, thereby limiting further improvements in device efficiency. This study proposes a low-cost and efficient strategy for modifying the ETL using acesulfame potassium (ACE-K). The results demonstrated that the C=O and S=O groups in ACE-K molecules interact with the undercoordinated Sn⁴⁺ on the SnO₂ surface, significantly passivating the oxygen vacancy defects in SnO₂. Electrical conductivity of the film increased from 4.60×10^-6 S·cm^-1 to 6.23×10^-6 S·cm^-1. Moreover, ACE-K modification improved roughness (from 20.6 nm to 14.0 nm) and wettability of the SnO₂ film, providing a better substrate for perovskite film growth. Consequently, the perovskite films grown on this optimized ETL enlarged grain sizes from 970.90 nm to 1071.20 nm and enhanced light absorption capability. Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements revealed that the defect density decreased from 4.84×10¹⁶ cm^-3 to 3.83×10¹⁶ cm^-3, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed a significant suppression of non-radiative recombination during charge carrier transport. Ultimately, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs improved from 19.27% to 21.60%. In addition, unpackaged ACE-K modified PSCs maintained 91.67% of initial PCE after 2160 h stored in N₂, showing excellent long term stability.

Key words: tin dioxide, perovskite solar cell, modification, defect passivation, acesulfame potassium

中图分类号:

TM914

胡清豪, 刘兴翀, 彭永珊, 侯孟君, 何堂贵, 汤安民. 安赛蜜修饰SnO₂电子传输层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(11): 1261-1267.

HU Qinghao, LIU Xingchong, PENG Yongshan, HOU Mengjun, HE Tanggui, TANG Anmin. Effect of Acesulfame Potassium Modified SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(11): 1261-1267.

图/表 15

图1 ACE-K的(a)分子结构式和(b) ESP图

Fig. 1 (a) Molecular structure and (b) ESP diagram of ACE-K

图2 SnO2-ETL和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL的(a) Sn3d XPS谱图、(b) O1s XPS谱图、(c) FT-IR谱图(500~2000 cm-1)

Fig. 2 (a) Sn3d XPS spectra, (b) O1s XPS spectra and (c) FT-IR spectra (500-2000 cm-1) of SnO2-ETL and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL

图3 SnO2-Pf和xACE-K-SnO2-Pf的SEM照片

Fig. 3 SEM images of SnO2-Pf and xACE-K-SnO2-Pf

图4 SnO2-Pf和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf的(a) XRD图谱和(b) UV-Vis吸收谱图

Fig. 4 (a) XRD patterns and (b) UV-Vis absorption spectra of SnO2-Pf and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf

图5 SnO2-Pf和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf的(a) PL曲线、(b) TRPL曲线; SnO2-PSCs和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs的(c) EIS谱图、(d) SCLC曲线

Fig. 5 (a) PL curves and (b) TRPL curves of SnO2-Pf and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf; (c) EIS spectra and (d) SCLC curves of SnO2-PSCs and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs

图6 SnO2-ETL和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL的电导率

Fig. 6 Conductivities of SnO2-ETL and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL

表1 最优xACE-K-SnO2-PSCs的光伏参数

Table 1 Photovoltaic parameters of champion xACE-K-SnO2-PSCs

x	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	PCE/%	FF/%
0	1.112	22.85	19.27	75.90
0.05	1.127	23.84	20.68	77.00
0.1	1.128	24.32	20.87	76.10
0.2	1.135	23.97	21.60	79.30
0.4	1.129	23.71	20.72	77.40

图7 SnO2-PSCs和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs的(a) J-V曲线、(b) EQE曲线

Fig. 7 (a) J-V curves and (b) EQE curves of SnO2-PSCs and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs Colorful figures are available on website

图8 SnO2-PSCs和0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs的(a) 100 s电流稳定性曲线、(b)长期稳定性曲线、(c)湿度稳定性曲线

Fig. 8 (a) Current stability curves during 100 s, (b) long-term stability curves and (c) humidity stability curves of SnO2-PSCs and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-PSCs

表S1 EIS曲线的拟合数据

Table S1 Fitting data for EIS curves

Sample	R_s/Ω	R_ct/Ω	R_rec/Ω	C₁/(×10^-9, F)	C₂/(×10^-8, F)
SnO₂-PSCs	23.3	53972	136090	5.0	8.52
0.2ACE-K-SnO₂-PSCs	17.79	38465	154690	3.96	6.7

图S1 (a) SnO2-ETL与(b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL的EDS谱图

Fig. S1 EDS plots of (a) SnO2-ETL and (b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL

图S2 (a) SnO2-ETL与(b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL的AFM图像

Fig. S2 AFM images of (a) SnO2-ETL and (b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL

图S3 SnO2-ETL与0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL的水接触角测试图

Fig. S3 Water contact angle test charts of SnO2-ETL and 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-ETL

图S4 (a) SnO2-Pf与(b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf的晶粒尺寸统计图

Fig. S4 Grain size statistics of (a) SnO2-Pf and (b) 0.2ACE-K-SnO2-Pf

图S5 xACE-K-SnO2-PSCs的PCE箱式图

Fig. S5 PCE box plots of xACE-K-SnO2-PSCs

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安赛蜜修饰SnO₂电子传输层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

Effect of Acesulfame Potassium Modified SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

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