直接硼氢化物燃料电池(DBFC)阳极催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20170066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直接硼氢化物燃料电池(DBFC)具有理论电池电压高和能量密度大等特点, 而其阳极催化剂是决定电池性能的关键因素之一。因此, 研究者们在提高阳极催化剂催化活性和降低催化剂成本方面开展了大量的研究工作。本文在简要介绍DBFC工作原理和阳极反应机理的基础上, 从催化剂种类和性能角度综述了近年来DBFC中贵金属、过渡金属以及储氢合金阳极催化剂的主要研究进展, 指出了阳极催化剂研究所面临的问题, 同时提出了今后的发展方向。

关键词: 直接硼氢化物燃料电池, 阳极催化剂, 催化活性, 水解反应, 综述

Abstract:

Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is currently attracted attentions due to its high theoretical cell voltage and power density. However, the anode catalyst of this type of battery is one of the key factors that decide the battery performance. A lot of researches have been done to improve catalytic activity and decrease the cost of the anode catalysts for DBFC in recent years. On the basis of the work principle and anode reaction mechanism of DBFC, the recent progresses of precious metal, transition metal and hydrogen storage alloy as anode catalyst for DBFC are reviewed according to perspective of catalytic performance and types. The existing problems of the anode catalyst is pointed out and the developments of the anode catalyst for DBFC are also proposed．

Key words: direct borohydride fuel cell, anode catalyst, catalytic activity, hydrolysis reaction, review

中图分类号:

TM911

田晓, 段如霞, 赵丽娟, 那仁格日乐. 直接硼氢化物燃料电池(DBFC)阳极催化剂的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(12): 1233-1242.

TIAN Xiao, DUAN Ru-Xia, ZHAO Li-Juan, NAREN Ge-Ri-Le. Anode Catalyst for the Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(12): 1233-1242.

图/表 6

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Type	Electrocatalyst	Fuel	Oxidant	Theoretical data of open circuit voltage	Main existence question	Possible application fields
PEMFC	Pt	H₂/Reformer hydrogen	Air/Pure oxygen	1.23 V	Hydrogen supply system, catalyst cost	Hybrid electric vehicles, portable power source
DMFC	Pt, Pt-Ru	Methanol	Air	1.183 V	Catalyst poisoning, catalyst cost	A small mobile power source
DBFC	Non-noble metal	Borohydride	Air/O₂/ H₂O₂	1.64 V	Hydrolysis reaction, catalyst cost	Portable electronics, mobile power

Type	Electrocatalyst	Fuel	Oxidant	Theoretical data of open circuit voltage	Main existence question	Possible application fields
PEMFC	Pt	H₂/Reformer hydrogen	Air/Pure oxygen	1.23 V	Hydrogen supply system, catalyst cost	Hybrid electric vehicles, portable power source
DMFC	Pt, Pt-Ru	Methanol	Air	1.183 V	Catalyst poisoning, catalyst cost	A small mobile power source
DBFC	Non-noble metal	Borohydride	Air/O₂/ H₂O₂	1.64 V	Hydrolysis reaction, catalyst cost	Portable electronics, mobile power

Anode catalyst	Cathode catalyst	Oxidant	T/℃	Power density/(mW•cm^-2)	Ref.
Au-Pt	MnO₂	Air	25	20.0	[25]
Pt₃-Au₂	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	65	161.0	[26]
Pt₁-Au₁	Pt-based	O₂	60	47.0	[18]
Au₁-Pd₁	Pt-based	O₂	60	31.0	[11]
Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~185.0	[27]
Au	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~82.0	[27]
5wt%Au-15wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~120.0	[27]
10wt%Au-10wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	50	~90.0	[27]
15wt%Au-5wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	50	~75.0	[27]
Pt black	Pt black	NA	60	31.6	[28]
Pt₁-Ru₁black	Pt black	NA	60	35.1	[28]
Au	Au/C	NA	20	~28.0	[30]
Pd	Au/C	NA	20	~41.0	[30]
Au₂-Pd₁	Au/C	NA	20	~46.0	[30]
Au₁-Pd₁	Au/C	NA	20	~49.0	[30]
Au₁-Pd₂	Au/C	NA	20	56.8	[30]

Anode catalyst	Cathode catalyst	Oxidant	T/℃	Power density/(mW•cm^-2)	Ref.
Au-Pt	MnO₂	Air	25	20.0	[25]
Pt₃-Au₂	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	65	161.0	[26]
Pt₁-Au₁	Pt-based	O₂	60	47.0	[18]
Au₁-Pd₁	Pt-based	O₂	60	31.0	[11]
Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~185.0	[27]
Au	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~82.0	[27]
5wt%Au-15wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	NA	~120.0	[27]
10wt%Au-10wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	50	~90.0	[27]
15wt%Au-5wt%Pd	Pt/C	Humidified O₂	50	~75.0	[27]
Pt black	Pt black	NA	60	31.6	[28]
Pt₁-Ru₁black	Pt black	NA	60	35.1	[28]
Au	Au/C	NA	20	~28.0	[30]
Pd	Au/C	NA	20	~41.0	[30]
Au₂-Pd₁	Au/C	NA	20	~46.0	[30]
Au₁-Pd₁	Au/C	NA	20	~49.0	[30]
Au₁-Pd₂	Au/C	NA	20	56.8	[30]