淡水珍珠的生物矿化机理研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2013.12109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸钙广泛存在于生物矿物中, 是地球上最普遍的生物矿物之一。贝壳和珍珠的主要组成部分为碳酸钙无机相。我国淡水养殖珍珠多数品质优异, 具有良好的珍珠光泽。该种珍珠以文石晶型碳酸钙为无机相, 称为文石珍珠。近年来, 在我国淡水养殖珍珠中发现了球文石的存在, 球文石的出现是导致珍珠失去光泽、降低质量的主要原因。本文对比阐述了淡水文石珍珠和球文石珍珠的微观结构与性能, 总结了与珍珠层有关的体外模拟碳酸钙生物矿化的实验结果, 提出了珍珠层生物矿化机理未来的研究方向。

关键词: 淡水珍珠, 文石, 球文石, 生物矿化, 综述

Abstract:

Calcium carbonate exists widely in many kinds of biominerals, and is one of the most widespread biominerals on the earth. The main component of the shell and pearl is calcium carbonate. In China, the majority of the freshwater pearls originated from Hyriopsis cumingii (Zhuji, Zhejiang Province) is with excellent quality and has outstanding pearly luster. The inorganic phase of this luster pearl is aragonite crystal and is regarded as aragonite pearl. Recently, the vaterite is observed in the freshwater cultured pearls, which is responsible for the lack luster and poor quality of the pearls. In the present paper, microstructure and property of the freshwater aragonite and vaterite pearl are introduced. In addition, in vitro growth of calcium carbonate crystal related to the pearl is reviewed. At last, the future research of nacre biomineralization is expected.

Key words: freshwater pearl, aragonite, vaterite, biomineralization, review

中图分类号:

P574

马玉菲, 乔莉, 冯庆玲. 淡水珍珠的生物矿化机理研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2013, 28(1): 109-116.

MA Yu-Fei, QIAO Li, FENG Qing-Ling. Research Progress on Biomineralization Mechanism of Freshwater Pearl[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(1): 109-116.

图/表 10

图1 文石珍珠(a)和球文石珍珠(b)的光学照片

Fig. 1 Optical photos of aragonite pearls (a) and vaterite pearls (b)

图2 珍珠内层晶体(方解石)(a)及外层晶体(文石)(b)的扫描电镜照片[19]

Fig. 2 Comparative SEM views for pearl internal layer crystals (mostly calcite) (a) and external surface crystals (mostly aragonite) (b)[19]

图3 球文石珍珠层的三维微观结构和示意图[20]

Fig. 3 SEM images of vaterite tablets and layers in lackluster pearls after 10wt% EDTA-2Na treatment[20]

图4 球文石珍珠表面微区XRD分析[22]

Fig. 4 X-ray microanalysis of vaterite pearl surface[22]

图5 球文石板片内部的HRTEM形貌(a)和对应的SAED结果(b)[23]

Fig. 5 HRTEM micrograph (a) and SAED corresponding patterns (b) of the vaterite pearl. Curve A indicates twin stacking faults, and curve B stands for superstructure. The SAED patterns show the superstructure and disordered stacking[23]

图6 文石珍珠水可溶有机质(a)及球文石珍珠酸可溶有机质(b)诱导的碳酸钙晶体[37]

Fig. 6 Calcium carbonate crystals induced by WSM of aragonite pearl (a) and ASM of vaterite pearl (b)[37]

图7 “类珍珠层板片”的生长过程[42]

Fig. 7 SEM images of CaCO3 grown on nacre surface for different time[42]

图8 原始珍珠层上碳酸钙晶体生长模型图[42]

Fig. 8 Schematic representation of the growth sequence of CaCO3 on nacre[42]

图9 在球文石珍珠层表面生长的球文石晶体的SEM照片[22]

Fig. 9 SEM image of vaterite crystals grown on the original section of vaterite pearl[22]

图10 谷氨酸改性的方解石基底上生长的方解石晶体[43]

Fig. 10 SEM micrographs of calcite matrix and calcite layers deposited on glutamic acid layers[43]

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