有机胺盐调控钙钛矿薄膜结晶提升太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性

doi:10.15541/jim20250108

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 186-192.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250108 CSTR: 32189.14.jim20250108

有机胺盐调控钙钛矿薄膜结晶提升太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性

蒋君¹(), 杨攻旅¹, 杨雨帆¹, 李毅¹, 袁宁一¹(), 丁建宁²()

1.常州大学材料科学与工程学院, 江苏省光伏科学与工程协同创新中心, 常州 213164
2.扬州大学机械工程学院, 碳中和技术研究院, 扬州 225127

收稿日期:2025-03-12 修回日期:2025-07-07 出版日期:2025-08-01 网络出版日期:2025-08-01
通讯作者: 袁宁一, 教授. E-mail: nyyuan@cczu.edu.cn;
丁建宁, 教授. E-mail: dingjn@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:蒋君(1991-), 女, 博士. E-mail: jiangjun@cczu.edu.cn
基金资助:
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(22KJB430016);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022610)

Regulating Perovskite Film Crystallization via Organic Amine Salts for Enhanced Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency and Stability

JIANG Jun¹(), YANG Gonglü¹, YANG Yufan¹, LI Yi¹, YUAN Ningyi¹(), DING Jianning²()

1. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, School of Material Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
2. Yangzhou Technology Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutrality of Yangzhou University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China

Received:2025-03-12 Revised:2025-07-07 Published:2025-08-01 Online:2025-08-01
Contact: YUAN Ningyi, professor. E-mail: nyyuan@cczu.edu.cn;
DING Jianning, professor. E-mail: dingjn@yzu.edu.cn
About author:JIANG Jun (1991-), female, PhD. E-mail: jiangjun@cczu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Jiangsu Province Higher Education Basic Science Research General Project(22KJB430016);Jiangsu Province Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(BE2022610)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells, PSCs)的光电转换效率(PCE)已达27%, 但其工业化进程仍受限于钙钛矿吸光层的薄膜质量与稳定性问题。本研究采用丁基碘化胺(BAI)作为添加剂, 通过延缓结晶速率和诱导择优取向生长, 实现了对钙钛矿薄膜的晶面取向调控, 使得晶粒尺寸显著增大和缺陷密度降低。得益于有机胺盐具有本征的高疏水性, 优化后的钙钛矿薄膜表现出更强的环境耐受性, PSCs的PCE从22.32%提升至23.46%, 迟滞效应得到显著抑制。并且, 柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池(F-PSCs)的PCE从21.51%提升至22.26%, 验证了该策略在不同基底上的普适性。稳定性测试表明, BAI处理钙钛矿薄膜后PSCs的环境稳定性、热稳定性、光照稳定性以及F-PSCs的机械稳定性同步提升。本研究为钙钛矿薄膜的结晶控制和稳定性提升提供了新的解决方案, 为高性能钙钛矿光伏器件的开发提供了新思路, 具有显著的产业化应用价值。

关键词: 添加剂, 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 光电转换效率, 稳定性

Abstract:

Currently, photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 27%, yet their industrialization remains constrained by film quality and stability issues in perovskite layers. This study employed butylammonium iodide (BAI) as additive to regulate crystal orientation in perovskite films through retarded crystallization kinetics and induced preferred orientation growth, resulting in significantly enlarged grain sizes and reduced defect densities. Benefiting from the intrinsic high hydrophobicity of organic ammonium salts, optimized films demonstrated enhanced environmental tolerance. Consequently, achieved PCE of rigid devices improved from 22.32% to 23.46% with notably suppressed hysteresis, while that of flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) improved from 21.51% to 22.26%, confirming the strategy's universality across substrates. Stability tests demonstrated that treatment of perovskite film with BAI led to simultaneous improvements in the environmental stability, thermal stability and light stability of PSCs, as well as the mechanical stability of F-PSCs. This work provides a novel solution for enhancing crystallization control and stability in perovskite films, offering new insights for developing high-performance perovskite photovoltaics with significant industrial application potential.

Key words: additive, perovskite solar cell, photoelectric conversion efficiency, stability

中图分类号:

O646

蒋君, 杨攻旅, 杨雨帆, 李毅, 袁宁一, 丁建宁. 有机胺盐调控钙钛矿薄膜结晶提升太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(2): 186-192.

JIANG Jun, YANG Gonglü, YANG Yufan, LI Yi, YUAN Ningyi, DING Jianning. Regulating Perovskite Film Crystallization via Organic Amine Salts for Enhanced Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency and Stability[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(2): 186-192.

图/表 17

图1 xBAI-Pf(x=0, 0.068, 0.136, 0.204)的(a)表面SEM照片、(b)水接触角照片和(c)AFM图

Fig. 1 (a) SEM images, (b) water contact angles, and (c) AFM topographical images of xBAI-Pf (x=0, 0.068, 0.136, 0.204)

图2 (a) xBAI-Pf(x=0, 0.068, 0.136, 0.204)的XRD图谱; (b) 0BAI-Pf与(c) 0.136BAI-Pf在不同退火时间下的半原位3D XRD图谱

Fig. 2 (a) XRD patterns of xBAI-Pf (x=0, 0.068, 0.136, 0.204); (b, c) Semi-in situ 3D XRD patterns of (b) 0BAI-Pf and (c) 0.136BAI-Pf on different heating stages

图3 0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf的(a, b) XPS谱图、(c) UV-Vis吸收光谱图对应的Tauc图、(d, e) UPS谱图和(f)能级示意图

Fig. 3 (a, b) XPS spectra, (c) Tauc plots corresponding to UV-Vis absorption spectra, (d, e) UPS spectra, and (f) schematic energy levels of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf Colorful figures are available on website

图4 0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf的(a) PL谱图、(b) TRPL谱图和(c)分别含两种薄膜的器件的SCLC谱图

Fig. 4 (a) PL spectra, (b) TRPL spectra of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf; (c) SCLC spectra of devices containing two types of thin films Inset in (c): structural diagram of SCLC device. Colorful figures are available on website

图5 (a) 0.136BAI-PSCs的截面SEM照片; (b) xBAI-PSCs的J-V曲线; (c, d) 0BAI-PSCs与0.136BAI-PSCs的(c)正反扫J-V曲线和(d) EQE谱图; (e, f) 0BAI-F-PSCs与0.136BAI-F-PSCs的(e)正反扫J-V曲线和(f) 5 mm弯曲半径下PCE随弯曲循环次数的衰减曲线

Fig. 5 (a) Cross section SEM image of 0.136BAI-PSCs; (b) J-V curves of xBAI-PSC; (c) Forward (F) and reverse (R) scanning J-V curves and (d) EQE spectra of 0BAI-PSCs and 0.136BAI-PSCs; (e) Forward and reverse scanning J-V curves and (f) attenuation curves of PCE with bending cycles at a bending radius of 5 mm for 0BAI-F-PSCs and 0.136BAI-F-PSCs Inset in (e): photograph of flexible PSCs; Inset in (f): bending experiment. Colorful figures are available on website

图S1 (a) 0BAI-Pf、(b) 0.068BAI-Pf、(c) 0.136BAI-Pf、(d) 0.204BAI-Pf的晶粒尺寸分布直方图

Fig. S1 Histograms of grain size distribution of (a) 0BAI-Pf, (b) 0.068BAI-Pf, (c) 0.136BAI-Pf, and (d) 0.204BAI-Pf

图S2 由XRD图谱获得的0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf的(100)和(111)晶面的峰强度比

Fig. S2 Peak intensity ratios of (100) to (111) crystal planes of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf from XRD patterns

图S3 0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf在退火过程中的光学显微镜照片

Fig. S3 Optical microscope images of annealing process of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf

图S4 xBAI-PSCs的光电性能参数统计

Fig. S4 Statistical plots of photoelectric performance parameters of xBAI-PSCs (a) PCE; (b) VOC; (c) FF; (d) JSC

图S5 0BAI-PSCs与0.136BAI-PSCs的环境稳定性

Fig. S5 Environmental stability of 0BAI-PSCs and 0.136BAI-PSCs

图S6 0BAI-PSCs与0.136BAI-PSCs的热稳定性

Fig. S6 Thermal stability of 0BAI-PSCs and 0.136BAI-PSCs

图S7 0BAI-PSCs与0.136BAI-PSCs的光照稳定性

Fig. S7 Illumination stability of 0BAI-PSCs and 0.136BAI-PSCs

表S1 0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf的能级结构参数

Table S1 Energy level structure parameters of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf

Film	E_cutoff/eV	E_Fermi/eV	E_VB/eV	E_CB/eV	E_F/eV	E_g/eV
0BAI-Pf	17.16	1.27	-5.33	-3.78	-4.06	1.55
0.136BAI-Pf	17.27	1.30	-5.25	-3.70	-3.95	1.55

表S2 0BAI-Pf与0.136BAI-Pf的TRPL寿命拟合参数

Table S2 TRPL lifetime fitting parameters of 0BAI-Pf and 0.136BAI-Pf

Film	τ₁/ns	A₁	τ₂/ns	A₂	τ_ave/ns
0BAI-Pf	33.13	0.40	40.49	0.40	37.18
0.136BAI-Pf	83.67	0.36	102.27	0.36	109.80

表S3 xBAI-PSCs的光电性能参数

Table S3 Photovoltaic performance parameters of xBAI-PSCs

PSCs	V_OC/V	FF/%	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	PCE/%
0BAI-PSCs	1.11	81.21	24.75	22.32
0.068BAI-PSCs	1.11	82.67	24.92	22.85
0.136BAI-PSCs	1.11	83.43	25.29	23.46
0.204BAI-PSCs	1.09	82.07	24.96	22.41

表S4 0BAI-PSCs与0.136BAI-PSCs的正反扫J-V参数

Table S4 Parameters of forward and backward scanning J-V curves of 0BAI-PSCs and 0.136BAI-PSCs

PSCs	V_OC/V	FF/%	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	PCE/%
0BAI-PSCs-R	1.11	81.21	24.75	22.32
0BAI-PSCs-F	1.11	80.91	23.70	21.29
0.136BAI-PSCs-R	1.11	83.43	25.29	23.46
0.136BAI-PSCs-F	1.11	82.97	25.09	23.07

表S5 0BAI-F-PSCs与0.136BAI-F-PSCs的J-V曲线的参数

Table S5 Parameters of J-V curves of 0BAI-F-PSCs and 0.136BAI-F-PSCs

PSCs	V_OC/V	FF/%	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	PCE/%
0BAI-F-PSCs-R	1.11	78.64	24.74	21.51
0BAI-F-PSCs-F	1.11	76.75	24.71	21.04
0.136BAI-F-PSCs-R	1.11	81.24	24.82	22.26
0.136BAI-F-PSCs-F	1.11	80.87	24.66	22.17

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有机胺盐调控钙钛矿薄膜结晶提升太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性

Regulating Perovskite Film Crystallization via Organic Amine Salts for Enhanced Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency and Stability

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