局部高氧化学势驱动的SOEC退化机制与耐久调控研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20260362

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)凭借较高的能量转换效率、优异的反应灵活性以及H₂O/CO₂共电解能力,在先进能源转换领域受到广泛关注。然而,长期稳定性不足仍是SOEC走向广泛应用亟需解决的关键问题。本文从局部高氧化学势这一关键热力学驱动因素出发,系统阐明了氧电极/电解质邻近区域非平衡氧化状态的建立机制、空间分布特征及其向局部高氧压转化的条件。进一步围绕高氧环境作用下电池内部不同区域的失效响应,重点总结电解质缺陷演化、界面裂纹扩展与机械分层,以及氧电极组分演化、结构重构等典型退化行为,揭示局部状态变化、多尺度结构损伤与性能衰减之间的关联关系。在此基础上,归纳针对相关失效机制所提出的氧电极材料设计、界面工程、电解质调控、微观结构优化及运行模式调节等稳定化策略,分析不同方法的优势与局限。最后,结合多尺度调控需求,展望未来面向高耐久SOEC的材料体系、界面结构及运行策略协同优化方向,为高性能电解制氢器件的发展提供参考。

关键词: 固体氧化物电解池, 氧化学势, 氧电极/电解质界面, 多尺度退化, 综述

Abstract: Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have attracted considerable attention in advanced energy conversion systems owing to their high energy conversion efficiency, versatile electrochemical functionalities, and potential for H₂O/CO₂ co-electrolysis. However, limited long-term durability remains a critical challenge restricting their widespread application. This work elucidates the formation mechanisms and spatial distribution of locally elevated oxygen chemical potential, as well as the conditions required for its transition into localized high oxygen pressure within the oxygen electrode/electrolyte interfacial region. Particular emphasis is placed on the degradation behaviors of different regions within SOECs under highly oxidizing conditions, including electrolyte defect evolution, interfacial crack propagation and mechanical delamination, as well as compositional evolution and structural reconstruction of oxygen electrodes. The correlations among local state evolution, multiscale structural degradation, and electrochemical performance decay are further discussed. Building upon these insights, stabilization strategies involving oxygen electrode material design, interface engineering, electrolyte regulation, microstructural optimization, and operational mode adjustment are summarized, with their advantages and limitations critically evaluated. Finally, future perspectives are discussed regarding the synergistic optimization of material systems, interfacial architectures, and operating strategies toward highly durable SOECs, offering insights into the development of high-performance electrolysis devices.

Key words: solid oxide electrolysis cells, oxygen chemical potential, oxygen electrode/electrolyte interface, multiscale degradation, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

李凯, 葛薇, 胡昌雨, 海国娟, 何丹阳. 局部高氧化学势驱动的SOEC退化机制与耐久调控研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260362.

LI Kai, GE Wei, HU Changyu, HAI Guojuan, HE Danyang. Research Progress on Degradation Mechanisms and Durability Regulation of SOECs Driven by Locally Elevated Oxygen Chemical Potential[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260362.

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