黄橙激光晶体材料与全固态激光器件研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20250471

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光波长是决定激光应用场景的关键参数,拓展激光波长一直是激光晶体材料的研究重点。其中,黄橙色激光因其人眼敏感度高、显色性好、穿透能力强等优势,在生物医学成像、激光治疗、显示技术、环境传感及光通信等领域有重要应用前景,已成为当前的研究热点之一。本文系统综述了黄橙激光晶体材料及全固态器件的最新进展,包括蓝光二极管泵浦的Dy³⁺/Tb³⁺离子掺杂晶体、非线性光学和频技术、拉曼激光晶体以及功能集成激光晶体等多种技术路线,并对它们的技术特性与性能进行了对比分析。特别值得关注的是,基于电子-声子耦合效应的功能集成黄橙激光晶体,通过电子与声子之间的能量传递为实现波长拓展提供了新途径。这种声子耦合激光器件具有调谐范围宽、转换效率高、成本较低和集成度高等显著优势,引起了国内外激光界的广泛关注,并在激光医疗、激光照明、精密加工等前沿领域展现出应用潜力。最后,本文讨论了黄橙激光晶体材料未来的研究方向与发展趋势,力争推动该领域的快速发展和激光应用。

关键词: 激光晶体, 全固态黄光激光, 晶体生长, 激光性能

Abstract: Laser wavelength is a critical parameter that determines the applicability and effectiveness of laser sources among various fields. The extension of laser wavelengths has been a long-standing task in laser physics and laser technology. Among various spectral regions, yellow-orange lasers—characterized by high eye sensitivity, excellent color rendering, and strong atmospheric penetration—have attracted significant attention for their wide applications in biomedical imaging, laser therapy, display technology, environmental sensing, optical communications, and so on. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in yellow-orange laser crystals and all-solid-state laser devices. It contains four main categories of approaches: blue diode-pumped Dy³⁺/Tb³⁺ doped crystal materials, nonlinear sum-frequency-generation (SFG), Raman laser crystals, and the emerging function-integrated laser crystals. A detailed comparison of their technical characteristics and performances has been provided. Notably, a novel class of function-integrated yellow-orange laser crystals based on electron-phonon coupling effects has been investigated by many leading groups. These novel crystal materials enable efficient wavelength extension through enhanced energy transfer between electronic transitions and phonon vibrations, thus offering a promising alternative to change the laser wavelengths, especially at yellow-orange region. Such phonon-coupled laser devices exhibit remarkable advantages, including wide wavelength tunability, high conversion efficiency, low cost, and high integration capability. Consequently, they have garnered widespread interest within the global laser research community and are paving the new way for practical applications in laser medicine, high-fidelity displays, remote sensing, and other advanced photonic systems. Finally, this review outlines prospective research directions and anticipates potential breakthroughs in the design, synthesis, and application of yellow-orange laser crystal materials.

Key words: laser crystal, all-solid-state yellow laser, crystal growth, laser property

中图分类号:

TQ174

司会晨, 梁飞, 于浩海, 张怀金. 黄橙激光晶体材料与全固态激光器件研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250471.

SI Huichen, LIANG Fei, YU Haohai, ZHANG Huaijin. Research Progress of Yellow-orange Laser Crystals and Their All-solid-state Laser Devices[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250471.

参考文献

[1] LIANG FEI, HE CHENG, CHEN YANFENG,et al. China’s Top 10 Optical Breakthroughs: Electron-phonon coupling effect and laser wavelength extension. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(23): 2300001.
[2] JI LIANGLIANG.Twenty questions on the frontier of laser science and technology.Advanced Photonics, 2024, 6(6): 060505.
[3] HUO X, QI Y, ZHANG Y,et al. Research development of 589 nm laser for sodium laser guide stars. Optics And Lasers in Engineering, 2020, 134: 106207.
[4] CAI Y, DING J, BAI Z,et al. Recent progress in yellow laser: Principles, status and perspectives. Optics & Laser Technology, 2022, 152: 108113.
[5] SHANK C V, DIENES A, TROZZOLO A M,et al. Near uv to yellow tunable laser emission from an organic dye. Applied Physics Letters, 1970, 16(10): 405.
[6] MAJID M A, AL-JABR A A, OUBEI H M, et al. First demonstration of InGaP/InAlGaP based 608 nm orange laser and 583 nm yellow superluminescent diode. Reston: IEEE Photonics Conference, 2015: 575-576.
[7] KIM E B, LEE W-K, PARK C Y,et al. Narrow linewidth 578 nm light generation using frequency-doubling with a waveguide PPLN pumped by an optical injection-locked diode laser. Optics Express, 2010, 18(10): 10308.
[8] LEINONEN T, KORPIJA?RVI V M, HA?RKO?NEN A,et al. 7.4 W yellow GaInNAs-based semiconductor disk laser. Electronic Letters, 2011, 47(20): 1139.
[9] KANTOLA E, LEINONEN T, RANTA S,et al. High-efficiency 20 W yellow VECSEL. Optics Express, 2014, 22(6): 6372.
[10] SHEN C, FANG S, ZHANG J,et al. High performance and stable pure-blue quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes by multifunctional zwitterionic passivation engineering. Advanced Photonics, 2024, 6(2): 026002.
[11] HUANG Y, GONG X, ZHANG L,et al. First achievement of yellow laser operation in Dy³+-doped borate crystals. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(37): 49556.
[12] XU J, XU X-D, HOU W-T,et al. Research progress of rare-earth doped laser crystals in visible region. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(6): 573.
[13] BIAN Q, BO Y, ZUO J W,et al. High-power repetition rate-and pulse width-tunable 589 nm versatile laser for adaptive optical systems. Optics Express, 2020, 28(9): 13895.
[14] CHEN P, XIAO Z, NAN Y,et al. Acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF/KGW/LBO Raman yellow laser operating at 578 nm. Optics Letters, 2025, 50(5): 1621.
[15] TU H, MA S, HU Z,et al. Efficient monolithic diamond Raman yellow laser at 572.5 nm. Optical Materials, 2021, 114: 110912.
[16] MCKINNIE I T, OIEN A M L. Tunable red-yellow laser based on second harmonic generation of Cr:forsterite in KTP.Optics Communications, 1997, 141(3/4): 157.
[17] GIFFIN S M, BAXTER G W, MCKINNIE I T, et al. Efficient 550-600 nm tunable laser based on noncritically phase-matched frequency doubling of room-temperature LiF:F₂- in lithium triborate. Applied Optics, 2002, 41(21): 4331.
[18] BURNSA P A, DAWESA J M, DEKKERA P,et al. Coupled-cavity, single-frequency, tunable cw Yb:YAB yellow microchip laser. Optics Communications, 2002, 207: 315.
[19] DU J, LU D, LIANG F,et al. Monolithic continuous-wave yellow laser with the integration of multiphonon-electron coupling and self-frequency doubling. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 181: 111894.
[20] KRANKEL C, MARZAHL D T, MOGLIA F,et al. Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare-earth doped lasers. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2016, 10(4): 548.
[21] CAI X Y, WANG Y, LI J F,et al. Thermal, and optical features study of Dy:YAlO₃ and Dy/Tb:YAlO₃ crystals for yellow laser applications. Journal of Luminescence, 2021, 231: 117711.
[22] TU C, LI J, YOU Z,et al. Spectroscopic and yellow laser features of Dy³+: Y₃Al₅O₁₂ single crystals. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 350.
[23] BOWMAN S R, O’CONNOR S, CONDON N J. Diode pumped yellow dysprosium lasers.Optics Express, 2012, 20(12): 12906.
[24] LIU B, SHI J, WANG Q,et al. Crystal growth and yellow emission of Dy:YAlO₃. Optical Materials, 2017, 72: 208.
[25] ZHOU W-W, WEI B, ZHAO W,et al. Intense yellow emission in Dy³+-doped LiGd(MoO₄)₂ crystal for visible lasers. Optical Materials, 2011, 34: 56.
[26] SHI J, LIU B, WANG Q,et al. Crystal growth, spectroscopic characteristics, and Judd-Ofelt analysis of Dy:Lu₂O₃ for yellow laser. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(7): 077802.
[27] BIGOTTA S, TONELLI M, CAVALLI E,et al. Optical spectra of Dy³+ in KY₃F₁₀ and LiLuF₄ crystalline fibers. Journal of Luminescence, 2010, 130(1): 13.
[28] JIANG T, CHEN Y, GONG X,et al. Spectroscopic properties of Dy³+-doped Sr₃Y(BO₃)₃ crystal. Optical Materials, 2019, 91: 171.
[29] CHEN X, HUANG Y, YUAN F,et al. A novel yellow laser candidate: Dy³+ doped Ca₃NbGa₃Si₂O₁₄ crystal. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2021, 564: 126114.
[30] LI Y, LIU L, HUANG Y,et al. Growth and spectroscopic properties of Dy³+:GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃ crystals. Optical Materials, 2024, 157: 116230.
[31] HUANG Y, LI Y, PAN S,et al. Spectroscopy and laser performance of Dy³+:LaMgB₅O₁₀ crystal. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 183: 112393.
[32] METZ P W, MARZAHL D T, MAJID A,et al. Efficient continuous wave laser operation of Tb³+-doped fluoride crystals in the green and yellow spectral regions. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2016, 10(2): 335.
[33] KAMINSKII A, HÖMMERICH U, TEMPLE D, et al. Visible laser action of Dy³+ ions in monoclinic KY(WO₄₎₂ and KGd(WO₄)₂ crystals under Xe-flashlamp pumping.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2000, 39: 208.
[34] LIMPERT J, ZELLMER H, RIEDEL P,et al. Laser oscillation in yellow and blue spectral range in Dy³+:ZBLAN. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(16): 1386.
[35] METZ P W, MOGLIA F, REICHERT F, et al. Novel rare earth solid state lasers with emission wavelengths in the visible spectral range. 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC, Munich, 2013.
[36] XIA Z C, YANG F G, QIAO L,et al. End pumped yellow laser performance of Dy³+:ZnWO₄. Optics Communications, 2017, 387: 357.
[37] BADTKE M, KALUSNIAK S, P SCHEL S,et al. Temperature‐dependent spectroscopy and laser performance of yellow Tb:YLF lasers with 36% slope efficiency at room temperature and 61% at 100 K. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2025, 19(16): 2402019.
[38] CASTELLANO-HERNÁNDEZ E, METZ P W, DEMESH M,et al. Efficient directly emitting high-power Tb³+:LiLuF₄ laser operating at 587.5 nm in the yellow range. Optics Letters, 2018, 43(19): 4791.
[39] CHEN H, UEHARA H, KAWASE H,et al. Efficient visible laser operation of Tb:LiYF₄ and LiTbF₄. Optics Express, 2020, 28(8): 10951.
[40] KALUSNIAK S, TANAKA H, CASTELLANO-HERN NDEZ E,et al. UV-pumped visible Tb³+-lasers. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(22): 6170.
[41] KOTOV L, KANEDA Y, P SCHEL S,et al. Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tb:YLF lasers at 587 nm. Optics Express, 2025, 33(3): 3950.
[42] BOLOGNESI G, PARISI D, CALONICO D,et al. Yellow laser performance of Dy³+ in co-doped Dy,Tb:LiLuF₄. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(23): 6628.
[43] LIU X, GONG Q, HUANG C,et al. Crystal growth, property investigation, and the deactivation effect of Tb³+ in Dy³+/Tb³+ codoped LiYF₄ crystals: promising crystals for all-solid-state yellow lasers. Crystal Growth & Design, 2024, 24(9): 3699.
[44] ZHANG Y X, WANG R, ZHOU Y S,et al. Diode-pumped Dy³+, Tb³+:LuLiF₄ continuous-wave and passively Q-switched yellow lasers. Optics Communications, 2022, 510: 127917.
[45] WANG R, ZHOU Y, LI X,et al. Graphene-based passive Q-switching of a Dy³+,Tb³+:LuLiF₄ yellow laser. Optical Materials, 2022, 125: 112067.
[46] ZOU J, HE H, SONG L,et al. Sub-100-fs deep-red mode-locked fiber laser for multicolor two-photon microscopy. Advanced Photonics, 2025, 7(04): 046009.
[47] CHENGCHUN Z, SHANMING L, MIN X,et al. Research progress in laser crystals. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(11): 1101022.
[48] FUJIMOTO Y, ISHII O, YAMAZAKI M.Yellow laser oscillation in Dy³+ -doped waterproof fluoro-aluminate glass fibre pumped by 398.8 nm GaN laser diodes.Electronics Letters, 2010, 46(8): 586.
[49] JEYS T H, BRAILOVE A A, MOORADIAN A.Sum frequency generation of sodium resonance radiation.Applied Optics, 1989, 28(13): 2588.
[50] SCHULZ P A, JEYS T H.Three-wavelength interconversion laser.Optics Letters, 1993, 18(19): 1630.
[51] VANCE J D, SHE C-Y, MOOSMULLER H.Continuous-wave, all-solid-state, single-frequency 400-mW source at 589 nm based on doubly resonant sum-frequency mixing in a monolithic lithium niobate resonator.Optical Society of America, 1998, 37(21): 4891.
[52] BU Y, ZHENG Q, XUE Q,et al. Diode-pumped 593.5nm cw yellow laser by type-I CPM LBO intracavity sum-frequency-mixing. Optics & Laser Technology, 2006, 38(8): 565.
[53] BO YONG, XIE SHIYONG, WANG ZHICHAO, et al. 589nm high power sum-frequency generation with quasi-continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. In 2010 International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics & Lasers, Ukraine, 2010: 64-66.
[54] LI L Y, DONG Y, FEI L Y.3.62 W of continuous-wave orange-yellow light generated by intra-cavity sum-frequency mixing of Nd:YVO₄.Optik, 2011, 122(13): 1125.
[55] Lu Y H, Fan G B, Ren H J, et al. High-average-power narrow-line-width sum frequency generation 589 nm laser.//Ackermann H, Bohn W L, Titterton D H, et al. Technologies for Optical Countermeasures XII; and High-power Lasers 2015: Technology and Systems. 2015, 9650: 965008.
[56] YANG J, TAN H, TIAN Y,et al. Generation of a 578-nm yellow laser by the use of sum-frequency mixing in a branched cavity. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2016, 8(1): 1500607.
[57] MA G, YANG J, TAN H,et al. Continuous-wave yellow laser generation at 578 nm by intracavity sum-frequency mixing of thin disk Yb:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser. Optics & Laser Technology, 2017, 92: 32.
[58] LU Y, ZHANG L, XU X,et al. 208 W all-solid-state sodium guide star laser operated at modulated-longitudinal mode. Optics Express, 2019, 27(15): 20282.
[59] L. N. ZHAO, J. SU, HU X P,et al. Single-pass sum-frequency-generation of 589-nm yellow light based on dual-wavelength Nd:YAG laser with periodically-poled LiTaO₃ crystal. Optics Express, 2010, 18(13): 13331.
[60] YUNING WANG, QUAN ZHENG, YI YAO,et al. Intracavity sum-frequency diode side-pumped all-solid-state generation yellow laser at 589 nm with an output power of 20.5 W. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(9): 1876.
[61] LI B, YAO J Q, DING X,et al. A novel CW yellow light generated by a diode-end-pumped intra-cavity frequency mixed Nd:YVO₄ laser. Optics & Laser Technology, 2014, 56: 99.
[62] SINGH A J, GUPTA P K, SHARMA S K,et al. Efficient yellow beam generation by intracavity sum frequency mixing in DPSS Nd:YVO₄ laser. Pramana, 2014, 82(2): 197.
[63] JIE L, JIAN-LI W, TIAN-YU L,et al. All-solid-state 589 nm laser and the brightness of excited sodium guide star. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2014, 22(12): 3200.
[64] WANG P Y, XIE S Y, BO Y,et al. 33 W quasi-continuous-wave narrow-band sodium D_2a laser by sum-frequency generation in LBO. Chinese Physics B, 2014, 23(9): 094208.
[65] ZHU P F, WANG L L, ZHANG C M,et al. All-solid-state side-pumped intracavity sum frequency generation yellow laser at 589 nm with the output power of 11.4 W. Optics and Spectroscopy, 2014, 116(3): 479.
[66] ZHE Y Y, BIN L, XIAOYONG G.Laser diode pumped Nd:YAG crystals frequency summing 589 nm yellow laser.Optik, 2016, 127(2): 710.
[67] BIAN Q, BO Y, ZUO J W,et al. High-power QCW microsecond-pulse solid-state sodium beacon laser with spiking suppression and D_2b re-pumping. Optics Letters, 2016, 41(8): 1732.
[68] BOHN W L, ACKERMANN H, TITTERTON D H, et al. Tunable line width all solid state double spectral line sodium beacon laser. Proceeding of SPIE, 2017, 10436: 5.
[69] ZONG Q S, GUO C, BIAN Q,et al. Watt level laser source for a polychromatic laser guide stars: double resonant fluorescence from ³S_1/2-³P_3/2-³D_5/2 transition of sodium atoms. Optics Express, 2019, 27(9): 12255.
[70] ZONG Q, BIAN Q, YANG Y,et al. Narrow linewidth high beam quality long pulse solid-state yellow laser at 589 nm by intra-cavity sum-frequency generation. Proc. of SPIE, 2019, 11170: 1.
[71] WILLIAMS R J, KITZLER O, MCKAY A,et al. Investigating diamond Raman lasers at the 100?W level using quasi-continuous-wave pumping. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(14): 4152.
[72] IVLEVA L I, BASIEV T T, VORONINA I S,et al. SrWO₄:Nd³+-new material for multifunctional lasers. Optical Materials, 2003, 23(1/2): 439.
[73] SPENCE D J, GRANADOS E, MILDREN R P.Mode-locked picosecond diamond Raman laser.Optics Letters, 2010, 35(4): 556.
[74] REILLY S, SAVITSKI V G, LIU H,et al. Monolithic diamond Raman laser. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(6): 930.
[75] YANG X, KITZLER O, SPENCE D J,et al. Diamond sodium guide star laser. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(7): 1898.
[76] SUN Y, YANG X, LI M, et al. Diamond guide star laser pulsed at a Larmor frequency. Optics Express, 2024, 32(26): 46345.
[77] SUN B, DING X, JIANG P,et al. 13.7-W 588-nm yellow laser generation by frequency doubling of 885-nm side-pumped Nd: YAG-YVO₄ intracavity Raman llaser. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2020, 12(2): 1501607.
[78] HSIAO J Q, HUANG Y J, LEE C C,et al. Powerful Q-switched Raman laser at 589??nm with a repetition rate between 200 and 500??kHz. Optics Letters, 2021, 46(9): 2063.
[79] CHEN H H, HU W J, WEI X,et al. High beam quality yellow laser at 588βnm by an intracavity frequency-doubled composite Nd:YVO₄ Raman laser. Optics Express, 2023, 31(5): 8494.
[80] CHEN P, XIAO Z, GUO C,et al. Nanosecond pulsed Raman yellow laser operating at 573 and 582 nm. Optics Express, 2025, 33(15): 31334.
[81] CONG Z, ZHANG X, WANG Q,et al. Theoretical and experimental study on the Nd:YAG/BaWO₄/KTP yellow laser generating 8.3 W output power. Optics Express, 2010, 18(12): 12111.
[82] DUAN Y, ZHU H, HUANG C,et al. Potential sodium D₂ resonance radiation generated by intra-cavity SHG of a c-cut Nd:YVO₄ self-Raman laser. Optics Express, 2011, 19(7): 6333.
[83] WAN X, WANG Q, LIU Z,et al. Frequency-doubled Nd:Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂/BaWO₄ Raman laser emitting at 589 nm. Applied Physics Express, 2012, 5(10): 102702.
[84] XU H, ZHANG X, WANG Q,et al. Diode-pumped passively Q-switched yellow laser with SrWO₄ Raman crystal and ceramic Nd:YAG gain medium. Optics Communications, 2012, 285(24): 5302.
[85] PENG J Y, ZHENG Y, SHI Y X,et al. Passively Q-switched a-cut Nd:GdVO₄ self-Raman laser with Cr:YAG. Optics & Laser Technology, 2012, 44(7): 2175.
[86] DING S, ZHANG W, WANG S,et al. Theoretical and experimental study on passively Q-switched intracavity frequency-doubled solid-state yellow Raman lasers. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(15): 3583.
[87] SHEN H, WANG Q, ZHANG X,et al. Intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG/KLu(WO₄)₂ Raman laser at 589 nm: a potential source for sodium D₂ resonance radiation. Optics & Laser Technology, 2013, 45: 142.
[88] GAO Z L, LIU S D, ZHANG J J, et al. Self-frequency-doubled BaTeMo₂O₉ Raman laser emitting at 589 nm. Optics Express, 2013, 21(6): 7821.
[89] JIANG W, ZHU S, CHEN X,et al. Compact passively Q-switched Raman laser at 1176??nm and yellow laser at 588??nm using Nd³+:YAG/Cr⁴+:YAG composite crystal. Applied Optics, 2014, 53(7): 1328.
[90] LIU Y, LIU Z, CONG Z, et al. Quasi-continuous-wave 589-nm radiation based on intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:GGG/BaWO₄ Raman laser. Optics & Laser Technology, 2016, 81: 184.
[91] MAO T, DUAN Y, CHEN S,et al. Yellow and orange light selectable output generated by Nd:YAP/YVO₄/LBO Raman laser. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2019, 31(13): 1112.
[92] ZHANG L, DUAN Y, SUN Y,et al. Passively Q-switched multiple visible wavelengths switchable YVO₄ Raman laser. Journal of Luminescence, 2020, 228: 117650.
[93] CHEN Y F, CHEN K Y, LIU Y C,et al. Criterion for optimizing high-power acousto-optically Q-switched self-Raman yellow lasers with repetition rates up to 500??kHz. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(7): 1922.
[94] DUAN Y, SUN Y, ZHU H,et al. YVO₄ cascaded Raman laser for five-visible-wavelength switchable emission. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(9): 2564.
[95] HUI Z, HAOYU W, SIQI Z,et al. 578.5 nmend-pumped passively O-switched Raman yellow laser. Laser and Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(1): 0114004.
[96] CHEN M, DAI S, YIN H,et al. Passively Q-switched yellow laser at 589 nm by intracavity frequency-doubled c-cut composite Nd:YVO₄ self-Raman laser. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 133: 106534.
[97] CHEN J C, HO Y W, TU Y C,et al. High-peak-power passively Q-switched laser at 589 nm with intracavity stimulated Raman scattering. Crystals, 2023, 13(2): 334.
[98] CHEN J C, TU Y C, HO Y W,et al. Highly efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO₄/KGW Raman lasers at yellow and orange wavelengths. Optics Express, 2023, 31(5): 8696.
[99] HO Y-W, CHEN J-C, TU Y-C,et al. Sub-nanosecond passively Q-switched yellow and orange Raman lasers. Photonics, 2024, 11(2): 157.
[100] DUAN Y, XU J, WEI Y, et al. Yellow-orange wavelength-switchable laser emission generated from c-cut Nd:YVO₄ self-Raman with 890 and 259 cm^-1 shifts. Journal of Luminescence, 2024, 267: 120402.
[101] GRANADOS E, PASK H M, ESPOSITO E,et al. Multi-wavelength, all-solid-state, continuous wave mode locked picosecond Raman laser. Optics Express, 2010, 18(5): 5289.
[102] YANLING C, HAOHAI Y, HUAIJIN Z,et al. Advances in the research and laser applications of self-frequency doubling crystals. Journal of Technology, 2021, 21(2): 96.
[103] YU X, YUE Y, YAO J,et al. YAl₃(BO₃)₄: Crystal growth and characterization. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2010, 312(20): 3029.
[104] LEONYUK N I, LEONYUK L I.Growth and characterization of RM₃(BO₃)₄ crystals.Prog. Crystal Growth and Charact., 1995, 31: 179.
[105] FILIMONOV A A, LEONYUK N I, MEISSNER L B,et al. Nonlinear optical properties of isomorphic family of crystals with yttrium-aluminium borate (YAB) structure. Kristall and Technik, 1974, 9(1): 63.
[106] DEKKER P, BURNS P A, DAWES J M, et al. Widely tunable yellow-green lasers based on the self-frequency-doubling material Yb:YAB. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 2003, 20(4): 706.
[107] WU Y C, LIU J G, FU P Z, et al. A new class of nonlinear optical crystals R₂CaB₁₀O₁₉(RCB). International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1998, 10: 8.
[108] WU Y, HU Z, JING F,et al. Growth and property of Ce³+-doped La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉ crystal. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(5): 583.
[109] CHENG Y, FENG J, WANG F,et al. Enhanced electron-phonon coupling effect in rare-earth borate vrystals containing a “Quasi-Free-Oxygen” motif. ?Inorganic Chemistry?, 2022, 61(26): 10228.
[110] GUO R, WU Y, FU P,et al. Growth and spectroscopic properties of ytterbium-doped lanthanum calcium borate (Yb³+:La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉) crystal. Optics Communications, 2005, 244(1-6): 321.
[111] BRENIER A, WU Y, ZHANG J,et al. Lasing Yb³+ in crystals with a wavelength dependence anisotropy displayed from La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉. Applied Physics B, 2012, 107(1): 59.
[112] CHENG Y, LIANG F, FENG J,et al. Multiphonon-coupling yellow laser in Yb:La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉ crystal. Optics Express, 2024, 32(11): 20316.
[113] CHENG Y, FENG J, LIANG F,et al. Diode-pumped continuous-wave laser of a self-frequency-doubling Yb:La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉ crystal. Optics Letters, 2022, 47(23): 6145.
[114] CHENG Y L, LIANG F, LU D Z,et al. Phonon engineering in Yb:La₂CaB₁₀O₁₉ crystal for extended lasing beyond the fluorescence spectrum. Light: Science & Applications, 2023, 12(1): 1.
[115] HUAQING X, JUN L, TONGGENG X,et al. Research on the thermophysical properties of Ca₂YO(BO₃)₃ crystals. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2002, 17(2): 226.
[116] LIU FENFEN, CAI SHUXUAN, LIU JUNHAI.Research of Yb-doped rare-earth calcium oxyborate crystal lasers. Laser and Optoelectronics Progress,, 2020, 57(7): 071604.
[117] MOUGEL F, DARDENNE K, AKA G,et al. Ytterbium-doped Ca₄GdO(BO₃)₃: An efficient infrared laser and self-frequency doubling crystal. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 1999, 16(1): 164.
[118] LU DAZHI, FANG QIANNAN, YU HAOHAI,et al. Yb:YCOB self-frequency-doubled yellow laser crystal and device. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 49(2): 247.
[119] FANG Q, LU D, YU H,et al. Self-frequency-doubled vibronic yellow Yb:YCOB laser at the wavelength of 570 nm. Optics Letters, 2016, 41(5): 1002.
[120] WANG F, LIANG F, JING F,et al. Phonon-assisted photoluminescence-excited (PLE) spectrum in Eu³+-doped single crystals. Crystal Growth & Design, 2025, 25(3): 838.
[121] WANG F, LIANG F, LU D,et al. Dimensionality effect of the “Free-Oxygen” motif on the crystal field splitting in rare-earth crystals. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2023, 127(30): 15011.
[122] WANG F, LIANG F, LIU W,et al. Anion-centered polyhedron strategy for strengthening photon emission induced by electron-phonon coupling. ?Inorganic Chemistry, 2022, 61(9): 4071.
[123] BLASSE G.Interaction between optical centers and their surroundings: an inorganic chemist's approach.Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, 1990, 35: 319.
[124] LIANG F, HE C, LU D,et al. Multiphonon-assisted lasing beyond the fluorescence spectrum. Nature Physics, 2022, 18(11): 1312.
[125] SI H, LIANG F, LU D,et al. Coherent phonon excitation in multiphonon-coupled lasing beyond the fluorescence spectrum. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 192: 113932.
[126] FU Y, LIANG F, HE C,et al. Photon-phonon collaboratively pumped laser. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 8110.
[127] SI H, LIANG F, LU D,et al. Efficient direct laser generation by three-phonon-assisted transition with Yb:YCOB crystal. Advanced Photonics Research, 2023, 4(6): 2300092.
[128] SI H, LIANG F, ZHOU Y,et al. Monolithic 591-nm laser with cooperative multiphonon-coupling and nonlinear frequency-doubling. Optics Letters, 2023, 48(18): 4913.
[129] OGILVY H, WITHFORD M J, DEKKER P,et al. Efficient diode double-end-pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser operating at 1342 nm. Optics Express, 2003, 11(19): 2411.
[130] AOYANG W, XIANGSHENG Y, GUANG Y.Self-frequency doubling yellow laser with low thermal effect and high beam quality.Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(13): 1314001.
[131] FU Y, HAO H, LIANG F,et al. Intracavity frequency-doubled yellow laser in an electron-phonon-coupled Nd:YVO₄ crystal. Optics Letters, 2024, 49(3): 578.
[132] WAN X B, WANG Q P, LIU Z J, et al. Comparison of c-Nd:YVO₄/YVO₄ Raman lasers and c-Nd:YVO₄ self-Raman lasers. Laser Physics, 2011, 22(1): 106.
[133] DING X, LIU J, SHENG Q,et al. Efficient eye-safe Nd:YVO₄ self-Raman laser in-band pumped at 914 nm. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2015, 7(6): 1503807.