高熵碳氮化物陶瓷:理论设计、制备技术与性能研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20260346

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 极端服役环境对高性能热结构材料的迫切需求,正推动着新一代超高温陶瓷的快速发展。高熵碳氮化物陶瓷(HECNs)凭借碳、氮双阴离子策略,巧妙融合高熵效应、晶格畸变、迟滞扩散及“鸡尾酒”效应,突破了单阴离子高熵陶瓷在构型熵与组分‑性能可设计空间上的固有局限,迅速成为超高温陶瓷领域的研究热点。特定组分与工艺条件下,HECNs不仅能在部分性能上超越单阴离子高熵陶瓷,还具备更强的组分-性能可调潜力,发展前景广阔。本文系统综述了HECNs的理论设计方法,包括利用热力学描述符与机器学习模型预测相稳定性与力学性能,归纳了从粉体到块体、涂层与薄膜以及新型复合材料体系的多元化制备技术,重点总结了其在力学、热学、抗氧化/抗烧蚀及摩擦学方面的性能进展,并揭示了通过精准调控碳氮比与阳离子组合可实现性能的定向优化。最后,针对理论模型、制备工艺及极端环境应用等方面的挑战,本文对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为高性能HECNs的开发与应用提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 高熵碳氮化物陶瓷, 理论设计, 力学性能, 热学性能, 抗氧化/抗烧蚀性能, 摩擦学性能, 综述

Abstract: The urgent demand for high-performance thermal structural materials under extreme service conditions is driving the rapid development of next-generation ultra-high-temperature ceramics. High-entropy carbonitride ceramics (HECNs), through the dual-anion strategy involving carbon and nitrogen, ingeniously integrate high-entropy effects, lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and “cocktail” effects. This strategy overcomes the inherent limitations of single-anion high-entropy ceramics in terms of configurational entropy and composition-property design space, making HECNs a rapidly emerging research hotspot in the field of ultra-high-temperature ceramics. Under specific compositions and processing conditions, HECNs can surpass single-anion high-entropy ceramics in certain properties while offering greater composition–property tunability, demonstrating promising development prospects. This article systematically reviews the theoretical design approaches for HECNs, including the use of thermodynamic descriptors and machine learning models to predict phase stability and mechanical properties. It also summarizes diverse fabrication techniques spanning from powders to bulk materials, coatings, thin films, and novel composite systems, and highlights recent advances in mechanical properties, thermal properties, oxidation/ablation resistance, and tribological properties. Furthermore, it demonstrates that target properties can be optimized by precisely tuning the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and cation compositions. Finally, addressing challenges related to theoretical models, processing technologies, and applications in extreme environments, this review outlines future research directions, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development and application of high-performance HECNs.

Key words: high-entropy carbonitride ceramic, theoretical design, mechanical property, thermal property, oxidation/ablation resistance, tribological property, review

中图分类号:

TQ174
TB32

缪花明, 解陈一, 王衍飞, 李端, 刘荣军. 高熵碳氮化物陶瓷:理论设计、制备技术与性能研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260346.

MIAO Huaming, XIE Chenyi, WANG Yanfei, LI Duan, LIU Rongjun. High-entropy Carbonitride Ceramics: Advances in Theoretical Design, Preparation Techniques, and Properties[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260346.

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