无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 947-954.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250410
彭裕超1(
), 董源1, 董顺1(
), 夏莲森1, 胡佩涛1, 张幸红1, 周延春2
收稿日期:2025-10-21
修回日期:2025-12-17
出版日期:2025-12-19
网络出版日期:2025-12-19
通讯作者:
董 顺, 教授. E-mail: dongshun@hit.edu.cn作者简介:彭裕超(1999-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: pycuchao@stu.hit.edu.cn
基金资助:
PENG Yuchao1(
), DONG Yuan1, DONG Shun1(
), XIA Liansen1, HU Peitao1, ZHANG Xinghong1, ZHOU Yanchun2
Received:2025-10-21
Revised:2025-12-17
Published:2025-12-19
Online:2025-12-19
Contact:
DONG Shun, professor. E-mail: dongshun@hit.edu.cnAbout author:PENG Yuchao (1999-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: pycuchao@stu.hit.edu.cn
Supported by:摘要:
多主元碳氮化物超高温陶瓷(UHTCs)与传统体系相比具有更优异的高温稳定性及耐烧蚀性能, 但该类材料存在的本征脆性问题限制了其广泛应用。本研究通过引入第二相SiC颗粒(SiCp), 采用机械合金化/原位氮化法结合放电等离子烧结技术制备了(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷, 并系统研究了SiCp引入量对材料力学性能和耐烧蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明, 引入SiCp有效提升了材料的力学性能, 当SiCp的体积分数为20%时, 材料的断裂韧性达到(5.18±0.24) MPa·m1/2, 相比(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)陶瓷提升了31.5%, 其断裂韧性提升可归因于引入SiCp所诱导的裂纹偏转与分叉等增韧机制。进一步对材料进行2100 ℃/120 s氧-乙炔焰流考核, 结果表明, 引入SiCp还有效提升了材料的耐烧蚀性能。当SiCp体积分数为20%时, 材料的耐烧蚀性能最佳, 其质量烧蚀率与线烧蚀率达到-0.92 mg/s和-1.17 μm/s, 优于多数已报道的传统UHTCs。其耐烧蚀性能的提升可归因于高熔点复合氧化物骨架对低熔点SiO2流动相的钉扎作用, 以及两者协同形成的多元致密氧化物保护膜对氧扩散的抑制作用。上述结果表明, 引入适量SiCp可有效解决多主元碳氮化物UHTCs本征脆性难题, 协同提升材料力学与耐烧蚀性能, 相关成果可为新一代高性能热防护材料研制提供理论基础与数据支撑。
中图分类号:
彭裕超, 董源, 董顺, 夏莲森, 胡佩涛, 张幸红, 周延春. SiC颗粒含量对(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC陶瓷力学性能及耐烧蚀性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(7): 947-954.
PENG Yuchao, DONG Yuan, DONG Shun, XIA Liansen, HU Peitao, ZHANG Xinghong, ZHOU Yanchun. Effect of SiC Particle Content on Mechanical Properties and Ablation Resistance of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(7): 947-954.
图1 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的XRD图谱
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents (a) Overall XRD patterns; (b) Enlarged view in the range of 2θ=35o-37o
图2 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的抛光表面SEM照片
Fig. 2 SEM images of the polished surfaces of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents (a) CC-0-SiCp; (b) CC-10-SiCp; (c) CC-15-SiCp; (d) CC-20-SiCp; (e) CC-25-SiCp
图3 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的力学性能及CC-20-SiCp的压痕形貌、裂纹扩展SEM照片
Fig. 3 Mechanical properties of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents and SEM images of indentation morphology and crack propagation in CC-20-SiCp (a) Vickers hardness; (b) Fracture toughness; (c) Indentation morphology; (d-f) Crack propagation paths
图5 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷(a)烧蚀前后的宏观形貌及(b)烧蚀后的XRD图谱
Fig. 5 (a) Macroscopic morphologies before and after ablation tests and (b) XRD patterns after ablation tests of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents
| Sample | Measured density/(g·cm-3) | Theoretical density/(g·cm-3) | Relative density/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| CC-0-SiCp | 8.67 | 8.92 | 97.2 |
| CC-10-SiCp | 8.17 | 8.35 | 97.8 |
| CC-15-SiCp | 7.92 | 8.06 | 98.3 |
| CC-20-SiCp | 7.69 | 7.78 | 98.8 |
| CC-25-SiCp | 7.30 | 7.49 | 97.5 |
表S1 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的实际密度、理论密度和相对致密度
Table S1 Measured densities, theoretical densities, and relative densities of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents
| Sample | Measured density/(g·cm-3) | Theoretical density/(g·cm-3) | Relative density/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| CC-0-SiCp | 8.67 | 8.92 | 97.2 |
| CC-10-SiCp | 8.17 | 8.35 | 97.8 |
| CC-15-SiCp | 7.92 | 8.06 | 98.3 |
| CC-20-SiCp | 7.69 | 7.78 | 98.8 |
| CC-25-SiCp | 7.30 | 7.49 | 97.5 |
| Material system | Fracture toughness/(MPa·m1/2) | Vickers hardness/GPa | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)(C,N) | 2.8 | 19.5 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2.64 | 19.7 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2.1 | 20.6 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2 | 19.1 | [ |
| (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N) | 3.1 | 23.4 | [ |
| (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N) | 2.2 | 26.8 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.8 | 18.2 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.8 | 19 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.6 | 19.6 | [ |
| ZrC | 1.8 | 20.1 | [ |
| TaC | 2.7 | 13.9 | [ |
| HfC | 2.9 | 10.2 | [ |
表S2 本工作与部分文献报道的UHTCs的力学性能数据汇总
Table S2 Summary of the mechanical properties data of the UHTCs in this work and those reported in selected references
| Material system | Fracture toughness/(MPa·m1/2) | Vickers hardness/GPa | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)(C,N) | 2.8 | 19.5 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2.64 | 19.7 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2.1 | 20.6 | [ |
| (Ti,V,Nb,Ta)(C,N) | 2 | 19.1 | [ |
| (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N) | 3.1 | 23.4 | [ |
| (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N) | 2.2 | 26.8 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.8 | 18.2 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.8 | 19 | [ |
| ZrC | 2.6 | 19.6 | [ |
| ZrC | 1.8 | 20.1 | [ |
| TaC | 2.7 | 13.9 | [ |
| HfC | 2.9 | 10.2 | [ |
| Sample | Mass ablation rate/(mg·s-1) | Linear ablative rate/(μm·s-1) |
|---|---|---|
| CC-0-SiCp | -5.75 | -4.58 |
| CC-10-SiCp | -2.33 | -2.17 |
| CC-15-SiCp | -1.42 | -1.33 |
| CC-20-SiCp | -0.92 | -1.17 |
| CC-25-SiCp | -1.25 | -2.58 |
表S3 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率
Table S3 Mass ablation rates and linear ablative rates of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents
| Sample | Mass ablation rate/(mg·s-1) | Linear ablative rate/(μm·s-1) |
|---|---|---|
| CC-0-SiCp | -5.75 | -4.58 |
| CC-10-SiCp | -2.33 | -2.17 |
| CC-15-SiCp | -1.42 | -1.33 |
| CC-20-SiCp | -0.92 | -1.17 |
| CC-25-SiCp | -1.25 | -2.58 |
| Material system | Temperature/℃ | Time/s | Mass ablation rate/(mg·s-1) | Linear ablative rate/(μm·s-1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Ta0.2Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2)C0.8N0.2 | 2227 | 40 | -14.7 | -6.54 | [ |
| (Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C | 2000 | 120 | -3.8 | -3.6 | [ |
| (Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C-SiC | 2000 | 120 | 1.9 | -2.1 | [ |
| Cf/(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C-SiC | 2430 | 30 | 2.6 | 2.89 | [ |
| (Hf,Ta,Zr,Nb)C | 2100 | 60 | 0.66 | -8.5 | [ |
| (Hf,Ta,Zr,Nb)C | 2100 | 120 | 1.41 | -4.8 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 1801 | 30 | -3.03 | -3.33 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 1952 | 30 | -3.4 | -5.63 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 2052 | 40 | -4.95 | -6.75 | [ |
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Ti)B2 | 1935 | 30 | -1.52 | 0.96 | [ |
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Ti)B2 | 1990 | 60 | -0.63 | 1.14 | [ |
表S4 本工作与部分文献报道的UHTCs的烧蚀性能数据汇总
Table S4 Summary of the ablation performance data of the UHTCs in this work and those reported in selected references
| Material system | Temperature/℃ | Time/s | Mass ablation rate/(mg·s-1) | Linear ablative rate/(μm·s-1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Ta0.2Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2)C0.8N0.2 | 2227 | 40 | -14.7 | -6.54 | [ |
| (Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C | 2000 | 120 | -3.8 | -3.6 | [ |
| (Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C-SiC | 2000 | 120 | 1.9 | -2.1 | [ |
| Cf/(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C-SiC | 2430 | 30 | 2.6 | 2.89 | [ |
| (Hf,Ta,Zr,Nb)C | 2100 | 60 | 0.66 | -8.5 | [ |
| (Hf,Ta,Zr,Nb)C | 2100 | 120 | 1.41 | -4.8 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 1801 | 30 | -3.03 | -3.33 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 1952 | 30 | -3.4 | -5.63 | [ |
| (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C | 2052 | 40 | -4.95 | -6.75 | [ |
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Ti)B2 | 1935 | 30 | -1.52 | 0.96 | [ |
| (Hf,Zr,Ta,Ti)B2 | 1990 | 60 | -0.63 | 1.14 | [ |
图S2 不同SiCp含量的(Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC复相陶瓷的断口SEM照片及晶粒尺寸分布图
Fig. S2 SEM images of fractured surfaces and grain size distributions of (Ti,Zr,Hf,Ta,Cr)(C,N)-SiC ceramics with various SiCp contents (a) CC-0-SiCp; (b) CC-10-SiCp; (c) CC-15-SiCp; (d) CC-20-SiCp; (e) CC-25-SiCp
图S3 CC-20-SiCp烧蚀后的表面宏观形貌、表面SEM照片及其EDS元素分布图
Fig. S3 Macroscopic morphology, SEM images and corresponding EDS element mappings of the surface microstructure for CC-20-SiCp after ablation tests (a) Macroscopic morphology; (b-d) SEM images of (b) central region, (c) transitional region, and (d) edge region;(e) Magnified SEM image of transitional region; (f-l) EDS element mappings
图S4 CC-20-SiCp经过2100 ℃/120 s氧-乙炔焰流考核后表面各区域的微观形貌SEM照片及其EDS元素点分析结果
Fig. S4 SEM images and EDS point analysis results of various surface regions on CC-20-SiCp after oxyacetylene ablation testing at 2100 ℃ for 120 s (a-c) Central region; (d-f) Transitional region; (g-i) Edge region
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