无机材料学报

• 综述 •    

氧化物共晶陶瓷的成分设计、强韧化机制与高温性能研究进展

刘思思1, 张卓1, 张静1, 张宁1, 苏海军1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 凝固技术全国重点实验室, 西安 710072;
    2.西北工业大学深圳研究院, 深圳 518057
  • 收稿日期:2026-08-12 修回日期:2026-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 张卓, 副教授. E-mail: zhangzhuo@nwpu.edu.cn; 苏海军, 教授. E-mail: shjnpu@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘思思(2003–), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 18182085642@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3714501); 西北工业大学凝固技术全国重点实验室开放课题(2026-TS-15); 国家自然科学基金项目(52202070); 陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(24JS054); 西安市科学技术协会青年人才托举计划项目(0959202613017)

Research Progress on Oxide Eutectic Ceramics: Composition Design, Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms, and High Temperature Performance

LIU Sisi1, ZHANG Zhuo1, ZHANG Jing1, ZHANG Ning1, SU Haijun1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
    2. Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
  • Received:2026-08-12 Revised:2026-10-21
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhuo, associate professor. E-mail: zhangzhuo@nwpu.edu.cn; SU Haijun, professor. E-mail: shjnpu@nwpu.edu.cn
  • About author:LIU Sisi (2003–), female, Master candidate. E-mail: 18182085642@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFB3714501); Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU (2026-TS-15); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202070); Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (24JS054); Young Talent Support Plan of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(0959202613017)

摘要: 氧化物共晶陶瓷由熔体经共晶反应直接凝固形成,具有三维互穿网络结构、无晶界/非晶相及原子级强结合界面等特征,兼具优异的高温强度保持率、抗蠕变和耐环境腐蚀性能,是航空航天、能源动力等领域极具潜力的超高温结构材料。然而,其本征脆性与室温断裂韧性偏低仍是制约其工程应用的关键瓶颈。本文从成分设计、强韧化机制及高温性能三个方面系统综述了该领域的研究进展。在成分设计方面,总结了Al2O3基、ZrO2基和高熵氧化物共晶陶瓷的基体选择策略,分析了单元素(Cr、Co)、多元素(Ce/Cr、Ce/Pr/Cr)及稀土离子掺杂对微观结构与性能的调控作用,并讨论了掺杂相(Y2O3、TiO2)对共晶组织稳定性的影响。在强韧化机制方面,从共晶组织调控增韧(共晶组织细化、共晶组织形貌调控、晶体取向)与其他强韧化方法(ZrO2相变增韧、颗粒/晶须/纤维增韧、表面工程)两个层面,阐述了多尺度协同强韧化策略。在高温性能方面,综述了共晶陶瓷的抗蠕变性能、耐钙镁铝硅酸盐(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, CMAS)与水氧腐蚀性能、高温摩擦磨损行为及热稳定性,突出了三维互穿共晶网络结构在高温服役中的独特优势。最后,指出了当前研究的不足与未来发展方向(多尺度协同增韧、高熵共晶体系拓展、复杂环境下服役性能优化),以期为高性能氧化物共晶陶瓷的可控制备与应用提供参考。

关键词: 氧化物共晶陶瓷, 成分设计, 强韧化, 高温性能, 综述

Abstract: Oxide eutectic ceramics are directly solidified from the melt via eutectic reactions, featuring three-dimensional interpenetrating network structures, the absence of conventional grain boundaries and amorphous phases, and atomically strong interfaces. These characteristics endow them with excellent high-temperature strength retention, creep resistance, and environmental corrosion resistance, making them promising candidates for ultrahigh-temperature structural applications in aerospace and energy systems. However, their intrinsic brittleness and relatively low fracture toughness at room temperature remain major obstacles to engineering applications. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in oxide eutectic ceramics in three aspects: composition design, strengthening and toughening strategies, and high-temperature performance. In terms of composition design, the selection strategies of Al2O3-based, ZrO2-based, and high-entropy oxide eutectic ceramics are summarized, with particular emphasis on the effects of single-element doping (Cr, Co), multi-element doping (Ce/Cr, Ce/Pr/Cr), and rare-earth ion doping on microstructure and property regulation. The effects of doped phases, such as Y2O3 and TiO2, on the stability of eutectic microstructures are also discussed. Regarding strengthening and toughening, strategies based on eutectic microstructure regulation, including eutectic refinement, morphology control, and crystallographic orientation control, are reviewed together with other strengthening and toughening approaches, such as ZrO2 phase-transformation toughening, particle/whisker/fiber reinforcement, and surface engineering, highlighting the potential of multiscale synergistic toughening. In terms of high-temperature properties, creep resistance, calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, CMAS) and water-oxygen corrosion resistance, high-temperature friction and wear behavior, and thermal stability of oxide eutectic ceramics are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the unique advantages of three-dimensional interpenetrating eutectic networks under high-temperature service conditions. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions are outlined, including multiscale synergistic toughening, the expansion of high-entropy eutectic systems, and the optimization of service performance under complex environmental conditions. This review aims to provide a reference for the controllable fabrication and application of high-performance oxide eutectic ceramics.

Key words: oxide eutectic ceramic, composition design, strengthening and toughening, high-temperature performance, review

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