无机半导体的宏观塑性超大应变与类金属加工制造

doi:10.15541/jim20250437

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脆性一直是制约无机半导体材料高效加工制造及其在复杂结构场景应用的关键瓶颈。突破无机半导体的本征脆性,实现类金属的加工制造,是材料领域长期面临的重要科学难题和技术挑战。近年来,我国科研人员在国际上率先发现并报道了无机半导体中室温宏观超大塑性应变,这一重要突破重塑了人们对半导体力学性能的传统认知。优异的塑性使得此类材料兼容多种类金属加工制造方法,形成了片、箔、丝、棒等多种材料形态,从而极大拓展了无机半导体材料的应用场景。经过数年发展,塑性无机半导体已逐渐成为材料学科一个重要的新兴方向和研究热点。本文将简要回顾总结这一新方向的研究进展与发展脉络,重点评述塑性无机半导体的发现、大应变机制与原理、冷加工和温加工,以及功能性应用等方面的代表性工作,并在此基础上,对未来的研究方向与发展提出若干思考和建议。

关键词: 无机半导体, 塑性大应变, 类金属加工制造, 变形机制, 观点评述

Abstract: Brittleness is a major bottleneck that limits the efficient processing and manufacturing of inorganic semiconductor materials and their application in complex structural scenarios. Overcoming the intrinsic brittleness of inorganic semiconductors and achieving metal-like processing and manufacturing have long been significant challenges in the field of materials science. In recent years, Chinese researchers have pioneered the discovery of room-temperature macroscopic ultra-large plastic strain in inorganic semiconductors, reshaping the traditional understanding of the mechanical properties of these materials. The exceptional plasticity of these materials enables various metal-like processing and manufacturing methods, resulting in diverse material forms such as sheets, foils, wires, and rods, which greatly expands the application scenarios. After years of development, ductile inorganic semiconductors have gradually emerged as an important and emerging research focus in the field of inorganic non-metallic materials. This perspective briefly reviews the research progress and development trajectory of this new direction, with a focus on representative work in the materials discovery, deformation mechanisms, cold and warm processing, and exemplary applications. Finally, we tentatively outline the challenges and potential future research directions in this field.

Key words: inorganic semiconductor, plasticity, metalworking, deformation mechanism, perspective

中图分类号:

TB34

冯恒阳, 魏天然, 仇鹏飞, 史迅. 无机半导体的宏观塑性超大应变与类金属加工制造[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250437.

FENG Hengyang, WEI Tian-Ran, QIU Pengfei, SHI Xun. Ultra-large Macroscopic Plastic Deformation and Metalworking in Inorganic Semiconductors[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250437.

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