基于微纳结构设计的电磁性能调控研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20230589

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 吸波材料通过吸收电磁波能量,减少或消除电磁波的反射,从而有效降低电磁波的干扰。材料的电磁参数决定其电磁波吸收性能,传统的调整填充比例、改变宏观形态以及复合方式等调控策略存在一定局限性,无法实现电磁参数的根本改变,阻碍了它们的进一步发展。微纳结构设计策略可以改变材料的电导率、电荷密度以及磁性等理化性质进而根本性改变材料电磁参数,在调控电磁波吸收能力上展现出巨大优势,由于材料微纳尺度精确设计难度较大且批量生产较为困难,使其发展受到限制。此外,微纳结构与电磁波响应和损失机制之间的结构-性质理论关系仍然是一个重大的挑战。基于此,本文分析了微纳结构与电磁性能的构效关系,阐明了微纳结构设计策略在调控电磁波吸收能力的绝对优势,并且通过元素掺杂设计、表面效应调控以及成核生长控制的微纳结构调控策略梳理了微纳结构改变对电磁响应机制和损耗机制的影响,为研究者们提供了微纳结构调控电磁性能的策略和理论指导。最后以量子点、纳米晶以及纳米线等典型微纳米材料作为范例,综述了其调控电磁参数的策略、优势以及在电磁波吸波领域的研究现状与应用前景,为微纳米粒子在电磁波吸收领域的发展提供了理论基础和策略支撑。

关键词: 电磁污染, 微纳结构, 吸波机理, 电磁参数

Abstract: Absorptive materials, by absorbing electromagnetic wave energy, effectively mitigate electromagnetic interference through the reduction or elimination of wave reflection. The electromagnetic parameters of materials determine their electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Traditional control strategies, such as adjusting the filler ratio, changing macroscopic morphology, and composite methods, have certain limitations and cannot fundamentally alter the electromagnetic parameters, hindering their further development. Micro-nanostructure design strategies can fundamentally change the electromagnetic parameters of materials by altering their electrical conductivity, charge density, and magnetic properties. This approach demonstrates significant advantages in controlling electromagnetic wave absorption capacity. However, the difficulty of precise micro-nanostructure design and restrictions on mass production pose challenges to its development. Additionally, comprehending the structure-property relationships between these micro-nanostructures and electromagnetic wave response and loss mechanisms still poses significant challenges. Herein, a comprehensive review of the structure-property relationships between micro-nanostructures and electromagnetic performance is presented, elucidating the absolute advantages of micro-nanostructure design strategies in regulating electromagnetic wave absorption capacity. Moreover, through strategies such as element doping, surface effects modulation, and nucleation-controlled growth, the paper delineates the impact of micro-nanostructure changes on electromagnetic response and loss mechanisms, providing researchers with strategic insights and theoretical guidance for modulating electromagnetic properties through micro-nanostructure design. Finally, using quantum dots, nanocrystals, and nanowires as typical examples, summarizing the mechanisms, strategies and advantages for regulating electromagnetic parameters, and the current research status and prospects in the field of electromagnetic absorption, providing a theoretical foundation and strategic support for the development of micro-nanoparticles in the electromagnetic wave absorption field.

Key words: electromagnetic pollution, micro-nanostructure, absorption mechanisms, electromagnetic parameters

中图分类号:

TB34

黄洁, 汪刘应, 王滨, 刘顾, 王伟超, 葛超群. 基于微纳结构设计的电磁性能调控研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20230589.

HUANG Jie, WANG Liuying, WANG Bin, LIU Gu, WANG Weichao, GE Chaoqun. Research Progress on Electromagnetic Performance Modulation through Micro-nanostructure Design[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20230589.

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