高比能量锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20180347

Journal of Inorganic Materials ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 349-357.doi: 10.15541/jim20180347

Silicon-based Anode Materials Applied in High Specific Energy Lithium-ion Batteries: a Review

Yi TAN^1,²,Kai WANG^1,²

^1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
^2. Key Laboratory for Solar Energy Photovoltaic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China

Received:2018-07-25 Revised:2018-11-24 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-15

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicon has the highest theoretical lithium insertion specific capacity, more than ten times the theoretical specific capacity of graphite electrode material, and low delithiation potential, with abundant resources and good rate characteristics, high-energy-density lithium-ion battery silicon-based materials have become hot spots in application fields such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. However, it will cause powdering and structural collapse of the silicon electrode material due to its large volume expansion effect in the process of delithiation and lithium insertion. In addition, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the surface of silicon is repeatedly formed in the electrolyte, which increases the polarization and reduces the coulomb efficiency, eventually leading to deterioration of electrochemical performance. In order to solve the above problems and realize the commercial application of silicon electrodes. This paper systematically summarizes the work to solve the volume effect in charge and discharge process through the selection and structural design of silicon-based materials, and deeply analyzes and discusses the preparation methods, electrochemical properties and corresponding mechanisms of representative silicon-based composite materials, focusing on silicon-carbon composites and SiO_x (0<x≤2) based anode materials. Finally, the problems of silicon-based anode materials are analyzed and their prospects are prospected.

Key words: silicon-based material, anode materials, lithium-ion batteries, review

CLC Number:

TM912

Yi TAN, Kai WANG. Silicon-based Anode Materials Applied in High Specific Energy Lithium-ion Batteries: a Review[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(4): 349-357.

Figures/Tables 14

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Table 1

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References 62

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Composite type	Si source	Carbon source	Electrochemical performance	Method	Ref.
Si/Porous-C	Nano-silicon powder	Pitch	723.8 mAh/g (1st)600 mAh/g (100 mA/g, 100 )^a	Spray drying + High-temperature pyrolysis	[35]
Si@C@RGO	Silicon powder (80 nm)	Sucrose	1599 mAh/g (1st)1517 mAh/g (100 mA/g, 100 )	Spray drying + High-temperature pyrolysis	[36]
Si/C/G	Silicon powder (325 mesh)	Phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR)	700 mAh/g (1st)550 mAh/g (100 mA/g, 40 )	High-temperature pyrolysis	[37]
Silicon-sponge	Si wafer (>20 μm)	Acetylene	790 mAh/g (1st)726 mAh/g (100 mA/g, 300 )	Electrochemical etching+ High-temperature pyrolysis	[38]
PS@C	Si powder (5 μm)	Propylene	1980 mAh/g (1st)1287 mAh/g (100 mA/g, 100)	Chemical etching + CVD	[39]
Si/C	Al-Si alloy (2-10 μm)	Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)	952 mAh/g (1st)826.3 mAh/g (200 mA/g, 300)	Chemical etching + High-temperature pyrolysis	[30]

Silicon-based Anode Materials Applied in High Specific Energy Lithium-ion Batteries: a Review

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