Journal of Inorganic Materials ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 145-157.DOI: 10.15541/jim20190108
Special Issue: 2020年能源材料论文精选(二)：超级电容器； 【虚拟专辑】超级电容器(2020~2021)
• REVIEW • Next Articles
MA Li-Na1,SHI Chuan2,ZHAO Ning2,BI Zhi-Jie2,GUO Xiang-Xin2(
),HUANG Yu-Dong3
Received:2019-03-12
Revised:2019-05-17
Published:2020-02-20
Online:2019-06-17
Supported by:CLC Number:
MA Li-Na,SHI Chuan,ZHAO Ning,BI Zhi-Jie,GUO Xiang-Xin,HUANG Yu-Dong. Bacterial Cellulose Based Nano-biomaterials for Energy Storage Applications[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 145-157.
Fig. 1 (a) Photograph of the production line for BC[3]; (b) Schematic model of the plant cellulose fibrils (left) and the BC microfibers (right)[5]; (c) Photograph of BC slice; (d) SEM and (e)TEM images of BC[4]
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density/ (Wh∙kg-1) | Highest power density/ (kW∙kg-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 activated CNF | Active material | -0.2-0.2 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 42 (1 mV∙s-1) (659 mF∙cm-2) | 70% (10 mV∙s-1) | — | — | — | [14] |
| CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 108 (2 A∙g-1) | — | — | — | — | [15] |
| PCN/CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 261 (2 mV∙s-1) | 76.6 (500 mV∙s-1) | 97.6% (10000) | — | — | [18] |
| PCN/CNF// PCN/CNF | Active material | 0-1.8 | — | — | 94.8% (10000) | 20.4 | 17.8 | [18] |
| N,P-CNF// N,P-CNF | Active material | 0-1 | 204.9 (1 A∙g-1) | — | 100% (4000) | 7.76 | 26.1 | [2] |
| N-S-CNF-700 | Active material | 0-1 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 171.2 (0.5 A∙g-1) | 105.2 (10 A∙g-1) | >90% (1000) | — | — | [20] |
| KOH activated N-CNF | Active material | 0.9-0.1 (vs. SHE) | 296 (2 mV∙s-1) | 75% (500 mV∙s-1) | 99% (10000) | — | — | [12] |
| N-CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 120 (1 A∙g-1) | — | 98.2% (5000) | — | — | [13] |
| N,P-CNWs | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 258 (1 A∙g-1) | 208 (10 A∙g-1) | 98% (30000) | — | — | [26] |
| N,P-CNWs// N,P-CNWs | Active material | 0-1 | 74 (0.5 A∙g-1) | — | 87% (6000) | 5.4 | 0.2 | [26] |
| CNF aerogels | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 194.7 (0.5 A∙g-1) | 108.7(10 A∙g-1) | 94% (5000) | — | — | [19] |
Table 1 BC-based carbon material electrodes for supercapacitor
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density/ (Wh∙kg-1) | Highest power density/ (kW∙kg-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 activated CNF | Active material | -0.2-0.2 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 42 (1 mV∙s-1) (659 mF∙cm-2) | 70% (10 mV∙s-1) | — | — | — | [14] |
| CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 108 (2 A∙g-1) | — | — | — | — | [15] |
| PCN/CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 261 (2 mV∙s-1) | 76.6 (500 mV∙s-1) | 97.6% (10000) | — | — | [18] |
| PCN/CNF// PCN/CNF | Active material | 0-1.8 | — | — | 94.8% (10000) | 20.4 | 17.8 | [18] |
| N,P-CNF// N,P-CNF | Active material | 0-1 | 204.9 (1 A∙g-1) | — | 100% (4000) | 7.76 | 26.1 | [2] |
| N-S-CNF-700 | Active material | 0-1 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 171.2 (0.5 A∙g-1) | 105.2 (10 A∙g-1) | >90% (1000) | — | — | [20] |
| KOH activated N-CNF | Active material | 0.9-0.1 (vs. SHE) | 296 (2 mV∙s-1) | 75% (500 mV∙s-1) | 99% (10000) | — | — | [12] |
| N-CNF | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 120 (1 A∙g-1) | — | 98.2% (5000) | — | — | [13] |
| N,P-CNWs | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 258 (1 A∙g-1) | 208 (10 A∙g-1) | 98% (30000) | — | — | [26] |
| N,P-CNWs// N,P-CNWs | Active material | 0-1 | 74 (0.5 A∙g-1) | — | 87% (6000) | 5.4 | 0.2 | [26] |
| CNF aerogels | Active material | -1-0 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 194.7 (0.5 A∙g-1) | 108.7(10 A∙g-1) | 94% (5000) | — | — | [19] |
Fig. 2 (a) Schematic diagram for asymmetric supercapacitor device; (b) TEM images, (c) GCD curves, (d) specific capacitance and (e) cycle performance of N-CNF/MnO2[12]
Fig. 3 (a) Fabrication process of heteroatom-doped CNF; (b) Elemental mapping images of C, N, P, and O for N, P-CNF; (c) CV curves, (d) GCD curves and (e) cycling stability test of N,P-CNF supercapacitor[2]
Fig. 4 (a) Synthesis scheme of PPY/BC/GO composites; SEM images of (b) pristine GO, (c) cross-linked BC/GO, (d) a single layer and (e) multilayers of PPY/BC/GO hybrid, and (f) PPY/BC core-sheath hybrid[38]
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density/ (Wh∙kg-1) | Highest power density/ (kW∙kg-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNF@MnO2 | Active material | 0-1 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 254.64 (1 A∙g-1) | 77.53% (10 A∙g-1) | — | — | — | [24] |
| CNF@MnO2// N-CNF | Active material | 0-2 | — | — | 95.4% (2000) | 32.91 | 284.63 | [24] |
| Ni3S2/CNF | Active material | 0-0.6 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 957 (1 A∙g-1) | 703 (8 A∙g-1) | 16.5% (1000) | — | — | [15] |
| Ni3S2/CNF//CNF | Active material | 0-1.7 | 56.6 (1 A∙g-1) | 35.4 (10 A∙g-1) | 97% (2500) | 25.8 | 0.425 | [15] |
| CNF/MnO2 | Active material | 0.15-1.15 (vs. SCE) | 273 (2 mV∙s-1) | 75% (100 mV∙s-1) | — | — | — | [12] |
| CNF//CNF/MnO2 | Active material | 0-2 | 113 (20 mV∙s-1) | 53% (10~200 mV∙s-1) | 92% (5000) | 63 | 8 | [12] |
| N-CNF@LDH | Active material | 0-0.5 (Ag/AgCl) | 1949.5 (1 A∙g-1) | 54.7 (10 A∙g-1) | 74.4% (5000) | — | — | [23] |
| N-CNF@LDH// N-CNF | Active material | 0-1.6 | 101.9 (1 A∙g-1) | 63.8 (10 A∙g-1) | 89.3% (2500) | 36.3 | 8 | [23] |
Table 2 BC-based composites electrodes for supercapacitor
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density/ (Wh∙kg-1) | Highest power density/ (kW∙kg-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNF@MnO2 | Active material | 0-1 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 254.64 (1 A∙g-1) | 77.53% (10 A∙g-1) | — | — | — | [24] |
| CNF@MnO2// N-CNF | Active material | 0-2 | — | — | 95.4% (2000) | 32.91 | 284.63 | [24] |
| Ni3S2/CNF | Active material | 0-0.6 (vs. Ag/AgCl) | 957 (1 A∙g-1) | 703 (8 A∙g-1) | 16.5% (1000) | — | — | [15] |
| Ni3S2/CNF//CNF | Active material | 0-1.7 | 56.6 (1 A∙g-1) | 35.4 (10 A∙g-1) | 97% (2500) | 25.8 | 0.425 | [15] |
| CNF/MnO2 | Active material | 0.15-1.15 (vs. SCE) | 273 (2 mV∙s-1) | 75% (100 mV∙s-1) | — | — | — | [12] |
| CNF//CNF/MnO2 | Active material | 0-2 | 113 (20 mV∙s-1) | 53% (10~200 mV∙s-1) | 92% (5000) | 63 | 8 | [12] |
| N-CNF@LDH | Active material | 0-0.5 (Ag/AgCl) | 1949.5 (1 A∙g-1) | 54.7 (10 A∙g-1) | 74.4% (5000) | — | — | [23] |
| N-CNF@LDH// N-CNF | Active material | 0-1.6 | 101.9 (1 A∙g-1) | 63.8 (10 A∙g-1) | 89.3% (2500) | 36.3 | 8 | [23] |
Fig. 5 Photographs of (a) BC paper and (b) flexible CNT/BC paper; (c) Cross-sectional image of CNT/BC paper; (d) GCD curve and (e) CV curves for CNT/BC/ion gel flexible supercapacitors; (f) Photograph of a LED turned on by the flexible supercapacitors[41]
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (mF∙cm-2) | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density | Highest power density | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | -0.8-0.2 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 2106 (1 mV∙s-1) | 263 | 76% (50 mV∙s-1) | 100% (2×104) | — | — | [45] |
| N-CNF/RGO/BC//N-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | 0-1 | 810 (2 mV∙s-1) | — | 755 (50 mV∙s-1) | 99.6% (104) | 0.11 mWh∙cm-2 | 27 mW∙cm-2 | [46] |
| N,P-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | -0.8-0.2 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 1900 (2 mV∙s-1) | 244.8 | 1554 (50 mV∙s-1) | 100% (2×104) | — | — | [16] |
| N,P-CNF/RGO/ BC//N,P-CNF/ RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | 0-1 | 690 (2 mV∙s-1) | — | 620 (40 mV∙s-1) | 99.6% (1×104) | 0.096 mWh∙cm-2 | 19.98 mW∙cm-2 | [16] |
| BC/GO electrode | Scaffold | -0.2-0.8 (vs. SCE) | — | 160 (0.4 A∙g-1) | 68 (2 A∙g-1) | 90.3% (2×103) | — | — | [44] |
| BC/CNT/ion gel supercapacitors | Substrate | 0-3 | 18.8 (100 mV∙s-1) | 46.9 | 42.0 (500 mV∙s-1) | 99.5% (5×104) | 15.5 Wh∙kg-1 | 1.5 kW∙kg-1 | [41] |
| a-CNF//BC gel// a-CNF supercapacitors | Active material & electrolyte & separator | 0-1 | 289 (0.1 mA∙cm-2) | — | 70% (10 mA∙cm-2) | 66.7% (100) | — | — | [60] |
Table 3 BC-based electrodes for flexible EDLCs
| Material | Function of BC | Potential window/V | Capacitance/ (mF∙cm-2) | Capacitance/ (F∙g-1) | Rate capability | Stability (cycle number) | Highest energy density | Highest power density | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | -0.8-0.2 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 2106 (1 mV∙s-1) | 263 | 76% (50 mV∙s-1) | 100% (2×104) | — | — | [45] |
| N-CNF/RGO/BC//N-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | 0-1 | 810 (2 mV∙s-1) | — | 755 (50 mV∙s-1) | 99.6% (104) | 0.11 mWh∙cm-2 | 27 mW∙cm-2 | [46] |
| N,P-CNF/RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | -0.8-0.2 (vs. Hg/HgO) | 1900 (2 mV∙s-1) | 244.8 | 1554 (50 mV∙s-1) | 100% (2×104) | — | — | [16] |
| N,P-CNF/RGO/ BC//N,P-CNF/ RGO/BC | Active material & substrate | 0-1 | 690 (2 mV∙s-1) | — | 620 (40 mV∙s-1) | 99.6% (1×104) | 0.096 mWh∙cm-2 | 19.98 mW∙cm-2 | [16] |
| BC/GO electrode | Scaffold | -0.2-0.8 (vs. SCE) | — | 160 (0.4 A∙g-1) | 68 (2 A∙g-1) | 90.3% (2×103) | — | — | [44] |
| BC/CNT/ion gel supercapacitors | Substrate | 0-3 | 18.8 (100 mV∙s-1) | 46.9 | 42.0 (500 mV∙s-1) | 99.5% (5×104) | 15.5 Wh∙kg-1 | 1.5 kW∙kg-1 | [41] |
| a-CNF//BC gel// a-CNF supercapacitors | Active material & electrolyte & separator | 0-1 | 289 (0.1 mA∙cm-2) | — | 70% (10 mA∙cm-2) | 66.7% (100) | — | — | [60] |
Fig. 6 (a) Photographs of CNT/BC paper and PANI/CNT/BC paper; (b) SEM image and (c) CV curves of PANI/CNT/BC electrode; (d) Schematic structure, (e) digital images and (f) CV curves for flexible supercapacitor[1]
Fig. 7 (a) SEM and (b) TEM images of Ni(OH)2/RGO/BC; (c, d) Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of Ni(OH)2/RGO/BC; (e) CV and (f) GCD curves of Ni(OH)2/RGO/BC electrode[58]
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