Titanium Modified by Copper Ion Implantation: Anti-bacterial and Cellular Behaviors

doi:10.15541/jim20190105

Abstract

Abstract:

Titanium and its alloys have been wildly used as bone implants. However, it is still facing a severer issue: implant related infections due to the lack of antibacterial ability. Copper (Cu) has good antibacterial ability and can be used to improve the anti-infection capability of titanium. In this study, three kinds of Ti samples with different contents of Cu in the modified layer were prepared by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology, and their responses to bacteria and cells were explored in vitro. The results showed that the sample with low Cu content at the surface could promote the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) but not inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As the implantation time extends, antibacterial ability of the samples with high Cu content at the surface was significantly enhanced, and no obvious cytotoxicity was observed. Therefore, it is possible to acquire a balance between antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of Ti by controlling the contents of Cu in the modified layer.

Key words: ion implantation, biocompatibility, copper, antibacterial

CLC Number:

R318

LI Kun-Qiang,QIAO Yu-Qin,LIU Xuan-Yong. Titanium Modified by Copper Ion Implantation: Anti-bacterial and Cellular Behaviors[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 158-164.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Instrumental parameters of Cu-PⅢ

Parameters	Target	Cathodic arc
Pulsing frequency /Hz	10	10
Voltage pulse duration /μs	500	500
Implantation Voltage /kV	-30	-
Pressure /Pa	5×10^-3	-

Fig. 1 Surface SEM morphologies of samples under low (a-d) and high (e-h) magnification

Table 2 Cu contents at the surfaces of various samples explored with XPS

Sample	Cu-1h	Cu-2h	Cu-3h
Cu content/at%	2.54	5.12	5.99

Fig. 2 Cu 2p high-resolution XPS spectra at the surface (a, c, e) and the interior at 30 nm depth (b, d, f) of various samples

Fig. 3 Water contact angles of samples’ surfaces (a), Tafel curves of samples in 0.9wt% NaCl solution (b), and Cu ions release of samples after immersion in PBS for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d (c)

Fig. 4 SEM morphologies of E. coli (a,c,e) and S. aureus (b,d,f) cultured on various samples(a,b), bacterial colonies on agar culture plates(c,d) and fluorescence intensities of Alamar blue for bacterias cultured on various samples (e,f)

Fig. 5 Fluorescence intensities of alamar Blue for rBMSCs (a) and HUVECs (b) cultured on different sample surfaces for 1, 4, and 7 d *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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