4-Chlorobenzylamine-based 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

doi:10.15541/jim20210199

Abstract

Abstract:

Defects at the surface and grain boundary of the three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite film incline to cause non-radiative recombination of charge carriers and accelerate decomposition of 3D perovskite, in turn deteriorating the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, the organic 4-chlorobenzylamine cation was applied to react with 3D perovskite and the residual PbI₂ to in-situ form a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite top layer, which can passivate the surface and grain boundary defects of the 3D perovskite film, and improve the surface hydrophobicity. Based on this strategy, 2D/3D-PSCs with higher PCE and better stability were successfully obtained. Their structure, morphology photoelectric propery and stability of PSCs were systematically studied. All results show that 2D/3D-PSCs achieve PCEs up to 20.88%, much higher than that of 18.70% for the 3D-PSCs. In addition, 2D/3D-PSCs can maintain 82% of the initial PCE after 200 h continuous operation under 1-sun illumination in N₂ atmosphere, exhibiting excellent stability.

Key words: perovskite solar cells, defect passivation, 2D perovskite, 3D perovskite, stability

CLC Number:

TQ174

YANG Xinyue, DONG Qingshun, ZHAO Weidong, SHI Yantao. 4-Chlorobenzylamine-based 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(1): 72-78.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 (a) XRD patterns of 3D and 2D/3D perovskite films, and (b) XRD pattern of 2D perovskite film

Fig. 2 GIWAXS patterns of (a, c) 3D and (b, d) 2D/3D perovskite films with incident angles of (a, b) 0.1° and (c, d)1°

Fig. 3 Top-view SEM images of (a) 3D and (b) 2D/3D perovskite films, cross-sectional SEM images of (c) 3D-PSCs and (d) 2D/3D-PSCs

Fig. 4 (a) UV-Vis absorption, PL spectra and (b) TRPL decay curves of 3D and 2D/3D perovskite films

Table 1 TRPL fitting results of 3D and 2D/3D perovskite films

Sample	τ₁/ns	A₁	τ₂/ns	A₂	τ_ave/ns
3D	2.55	0.71	17.26	0.30	13.49
2D/3D	4.75	0.53	24.86	0.43	21.02

Fig. 5 (a) Schematic diagram of 2D/3D-PSCs structure, (b) J-V curves (reverse and forward scans), (c) EQE spectra with the corresponding integrated current densities, and (d) stabilized PCE curves at the maximum power point for 3D-PSCs and 2D/3D-PSCs

Table 2 Detailed photovoltaic parameters of 3D-PSCs and 2D/3D-PSCs

Sample	Scan method	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA·cm^-2)	FF/%	PCE/%
3D	Reverse	1.11	23.17	72.74	18.70
3D	Forward	1.08	23.18	71.85	18.06
2D/3D	Reverse	1.17	23.45	76.39	20.88
2D/3D	Forward	1.16	23.44	75.07	20.41

Fig. 6 (a) Thermal stability of 3D-PSCs and 2D/3D-PSCs under 85 ℃ in air (relative humidity: 40%-70%), and (b) light stability of 3D-PSCs and 2D/3D-PSCs under continuous 1 sun illumination in N2 All devices are unencapsulated

Fig. S1 Water contact angle measurements of (a) 3D and (b) 2D/3D perovskite films

Fig. S2 Tauc plots of the perovskite films, the optical bandgap is 1.62 eV

Fig. S3 Statistics of the PCE for PSCs, processed by 4-CBAI treatment with various concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·mL-1

Fig. S4 J-V curve of flexible PSCs based on 2D/3D perovskite

Fig. S5 Stabilized PCE and photocurrent density curves at the maximum power point for the flexible PSCs based on 2D/3D perovskite

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